Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is one of the main barriers to the provision of primary health care in Canada?
What is one of the main barriers to the provision of primary health care in Canada?
Which of the following best describes a principle of primary health care in Canada?
Which of the following best describes a principle of primary health care in Canada?
What is a key trend in the evolution of Canada’s health care system?
What is a key trend in the evolution of Canada’s health care system?
What is a concept underlying integrative medicine?
What is a concept underlying integrative medicine?
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Which aspect contributes to the increasing pressures on the Canadian healthcare system?
Which aspect contributes to the increasing pressures on the Canadian healthcare system?
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What is the primary funding mechanism for the Medicare system in Canada?
What is the primary funding mechanism for the Medicare system in Canada?
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Which principle of the Canada Health Act guarantees coverage without discrimination?
Which principle of the Canada Health Act guarantees coverage without discrimination?
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Which level of government is responsible for administering national principles under the Canada Health Act?
Which level of government is responsible for administering national principles under the Canada Health Act?
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What role do provincial and territorial governments have in the Canadian Health Care System?
What role do provincial and territorial governments have in the Canadian Health Care System?
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Which principle of the Canada Health Act ensures individuals have reasonable access to health services?
Which principle of the Canada Health Act ensures individuals have reasonable access to health services?
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What defines the financial responsibilities of provincial governments in the Canadian Health Care System?
What defines the financial responsibilities of provincial governments in the Canadian Health Care System?
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Who is primarily responsible for delivering health services to Indigenous people in Canada?
Who is primarily responsible for delivering health services to Indigenous people in Canada?
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Which of the following best describes the regulation of most health professions in Canada?
Which of the following best describes the regulation of most health professions in Canada?
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What is a key component of nursing's evolving roles in the health care system?
What is a key component of nursing's evolving roles in the health care system?
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What distinguishes complementary approaches from alternative approaches in health care?
What distinguishes complementary approaches from alternative approaches in health care?
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What is integrative health care primarily focused on?
What is integrative health care primarily focused on?
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How should nursing roles evolve to meet the challenges in health care?
How should nursing roles evolve to meet the challenges in health care?
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What is the main goal of relational-centred care in integrative health care?
What is the main goal of relational-centred care in integrative health care?
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Which of the following describes a characteristic of integrative health care?
Which of the following describes a characteristic of integrative health care?
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What demographic change poses a significant challenge for health care planning?
What demographic change poses a significant challenge for health care planning?
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What type of care focuses on holistic health and combines complementary and alternative medicine?
What type of care focuses on holistic health and combines complementary and alternative medicine?
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What is a primary benefit of meditation in clinical practice?
What is a primary benefit of meditation in clinical practice?
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Which of the following accurately describes the role of imagery in a clinical setting?
Which of the following accurately describes the role of imagery in a clinical setting?
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Which approach is NOT categorized under integrative medicine?
Which approach is NOT categorized under integrative medicine?
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What is a key aspect of the nursing role in interprofessional collaboration with CAM?
What is a key aspect of the nursing role in interprofessional collaboration with CAM?
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How does meditation benefit patients with asthma specifically?
How does meditation benefit patients with asthma specifically?
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Which of the following are considered categories of integrative health care?
Which of the following are considered categories of integrative health care?
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What does holistic nursing primarily focus on in terms of health?
What does holistic nursing primarily focus on in terms of health?
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Which approach is NOT listed as a nursing-accessible approach?
Which approach is NOT listed as a nursing-accessible approach?
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What is one of the values emphasized in integrative health care?
What is one of the values emphasized in integrative health care?
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Which of these is an example of a whole system of care?
Which of these is an example of a whole system of care?
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What effect do relaxation techniques have on physiological responses?
What effect do relaxation techniques have on physiological responses?
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Which of the following approaches helps educate patients on altering their stress response?
Which of the following approaches helps educate patients on altering their stress response?
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Which organization developed standards of practice for holistic nursing?
Which organization developed standards of practice for holistic nursing?
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What is the primary focus of primary care in health services?
What is the primary focus of primary care in health services?
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Which of the following is NOT a level of health care according to the outlined system?
Which of the following is NOT a level of health care according to the outlined system?
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What type of care is designed to improve the quality of life for patients facing chronic illness or disability?
What type of care is designed to improve the quality of life for patients facing chronic illness or disability?
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Which pillar of primary health care emphasizes improving health through accessible services?
Which pillar of primary health care emphasizes improving health through accessible services?
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Which report is associated with the reform of Canada’s health care system in 2002?
Which report is associated with the reform of Canada’s health care system in 2002?
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What is primarily emphasized at Level 1 of health care?
What is primarily emphasized at Level 1 of health care?
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What is considered an emerging trend in Canada’s health care system?
What is considered an emerging trend in Canada’s health care system?
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What does the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion advocate for?
What does the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion advocate for?
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Which category of barriers affects interprofessional primary care teams at the practice level?
Which category of barriers affects interprofessional primary care teams at the practice level?
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Which of the following describes a task included under Level 2: Disease and Injury Prevention?
Which of the following describes a task included under Level 2: Disease and Injury Prevention?
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Which sector primarily includes community health centers?
Which sector primarily includes community health centers?
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What is one of the key challenges facing the health care system currently?
What is one of the key challenges facing the health care system currently?
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What does supportive care primarily include?
What does supportive care primarily include?
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What role do regional health authorities play in Canada’s health care system?
What role do regional health authorities play in Canada’s health care system?
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Study Notes
Canadian Health Care System Overview
- Medicare is a key component of Canada's social safety net.
- It provides hospital and medical insurance funded by general taxation.
Learning Outcomes
- Students will identify the evolution, organization, and governance of the Canadian healthcare system.
- Students will explore the principles of primary health care and the five levels of health care.
- Students will identify pillars and barriers to primary health care provision in Canada, along with trends and reforms.
- Students will identify issues contributing to increasing pressures on the Canadian healthcare system and the healthcare needs of Canadians.
- Students will explain the conceptualization and evolution of integrative health care.
- Students will describe various treatments associated with integrative medicine and understand the nurse's role in interprofessional collaboration.
Canada Health Act (1984)
- Public administration: Operates on a non-profit basis through public authority.
- Comprehensiveness: Covers medically necessary services.
- Universality: Free of discrimination. Coverage across Canada for insured residents.
- Portability: Coverage across Canada for insured residents.
- Accessibility: Reasonable access, regardless of ability to pay.
The Federal Government's Role
- Sets and administers national principles (Canada Health Act principles).
- Assists in financing health care services through transfer payments.
- Delivers services for Indigenous people, veterans, and other specific groups.
- Provides national policy and programming to promote health and prevent disease.
Provincial and Territorial Governments' Role
- Develop and administer their own health care insurance plans.
- Manage, finance, and plan insurable health care services, aligning with CHA principles.
- Determine organization and location of hospitals and care facilities, employing specific providers.
- Also determine the amount of funding for healthcare services.
- Reimburse costs for physician and hospital services and some rehabilitation and long-term care, typically with co-payments from users.
Professional Jurisdiction
- Most health professions are self-regulated.
- They manage standards, competencies, codes of ethics, and disciplinary actions.
- Some are regulated through governments or other regulatory mechanisms.
Trends and Reforms
- Kirby Report (2002)
- Romanow Commission (2002)
- Regionalization and regional health authorities
- Recentralization, often leading to reduced numbers of regional health authorities
- Emerging medical technologies
- 10-Year Plan to Strengthen Health Care
- Canada Health Act
- Canada Health Transfer payments
Primary Health Care
- Foundation of Canada's health care system.
- Provides continuity of care, improving health through essential services.
- Emphasizes health promotion and disease prevention.
- Four pillars are Teams, Access, Information, and Healthy Living.
- IPC team barriers include Individual, Practice, and System levels.
Levels of Care
- Level 1: Health promotion (enables people to control health, provides wellness services, promotes self-esteem, advocating for policy changes, includes Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion).
- Level 2: Disease and injury prevention (reducing risk factors, clinical actions, immunizing, behavioural aspects, support groups, environmental actions, climate control activitism)
- Level 3: Diagnosis and treatment (recognizing/managing health problems, primary care as first contact, secondary and tertiary care).
- Level 4: Rehabilitation (improving health/quality of life, required after illness/injury/addiction, help patients return to optimal functionality).
- Level 5: Supportive care (provision of health/personal/social services over time, in settings such as long-term care or home care).
Challenges to the Healthcare System
- Sustainability
- Political Economy of Health
- Climate Change
- Primary Health Care vs. Primary Care Spending
- Responsive Health Care Planning and Delivery
- Human Health Care Resources
- Aging Canadian Population
- Truth & Reconciliation Commission Calls to Action
Nursing's Future in Healthcare
- Nursing roles need to evolve and diversify.
- Serve in leadership positions to promote change.
- Leverage unique understanding of Canadians' needs.
- Develop innovative solutions to health care challenges.
- Expand and create new nursing roles.
- Engage in health policy development and reformation.
Integrative Care
- Combines conventional and complementary/alternative medicine.
- Encompasses holistic health.
- Reflects broader cultural and paradigm shifts.
- Underscores relational-centred care.
Categories of Integrative Health Care
- Natural products
- Mind-body-Interventions
- Manipulative and body-based methods
- Energy therapies
- Whole systems ( Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ayurveda)
Integrative Health Care and Holistic Nursing
- Highlights whole-person interconnectedness.
- Practice of holistic nursing involves acknowledging the mind, body, spirit relationship in care.
- Recognizes the complexity of human health experience.
- Employs relationship-centered care for optimal healing
Nursing-Accessible Approaches
- Techniques like presence, imagery, meditation, support groups, music therapy, journaling, massage, and touch are easily learned and practiced independently..
- These methods are designed to help people manage responses to stress and symptoms, including those related to conditions like cancer.
Integrative Approaches Requiring Education
- Biofeedback
- Therapeutic touch and healing touch
- Chiropractic medicine
- Traditional Chinese medicine
- Naturopathic medicine
- Acupuncture
- Cupping
- Massage therapy
Nursing Role in Interprofessional Collaboration
- The holistic approach to integrative medicine aligns with nursing's holistic approach.
- Consistent with provincial/territorial legislation regarding complementary approaches.
- Key role includes patient advice, education, determining patient's viewpoints and use of therapies.
Settings for Health Care Delivery
- Institutional (hospitals, long-term care facilities, psychiatric facilities, rehabilitation centres)
- Community (public health, physician offices, community health centers/clinics, assisted living, home care, adult day support, community agencies, occupational health, hospice, palliative care, parish nursing).
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Description
This quiz assesses your understanding of the key principles and challenges of primary health care in Canada. Explore questions related to the Canada Health Act, funding mechanisms, and the roles of different levels of government in the healthcare system. Test your knowledge on the evolution and integration of healthcare services in Canada.
