Module 7 Chapter 11: Language Development in Infants
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Questions and Answers

What ability have 2-month-olds demonstrated in connecting sounds to the articulation of the mouth?

  • Relating sounds of different vowels to the appropriate mouth movements (correct)
  • Relating different vowels to various colors
  • Distinguishing between animal sounds
  • Connecting hand movements to verbal sounds

    • What perceptual abilities can infants develop even before birth according to the text?

  • Acquiring knowledge of complex mathematical concepts
  • Becoming experts in facial recognition
  • Detecting subtle speech properties and distinguishing words (correct)
  • Mastering advanced musical skills

    • At what age do infants start connecting common words with their meanings?

  • 2 years
  • 6 months (correct)
  • 2 months
  • 1 year

    • What do 6-7 month-old infants typically exhibit in terms of babbling?

    <p>Canonical/reduplicated babbling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key aspects infants must learn to acquire a new language?

    <p>Pragmatics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do infants move from being universal perceivers to language-learning sophisticates?

    <p>By becoming specialists in their native tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of skills do infants primarily use to learn language besides specific language skills?

    <p>Perceptual skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sounds do newborns typically make during the early production stage?

    <p>Vowel sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do infants typically respond to sounds during the first 2 months of life?

    <p>Making eye contact with speakers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What motivates infants to attend to speech and encourages language acquisition?

    <p>Emotional info from speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the meaningful differences between vocal sounds?

    <p>Phonemic contrast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of categorical perception, when do adults typically discriminate between sounds like 'b' and 'p'?

    <p>When vocal onset time falls across different categories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ability do infants possess in terms of sound discrimination that adults in their culture lack?

    <p>Ability to discriminate across a wider range of sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario can newborns differentiate between their native and foreign languages?

    <p>During suckling tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age can infants demonstrate recognition of well-formed phrases or sentences?

    <p>6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do early sensitivities to prosody potentially aid infants in learning grammar?

    <p>By helping recognize sentence pauses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of infants orienting towards 0.33 transitional probabilities over 1.00?

    <p>Infants have learned something about speech.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do English-learning 7.5 month olds rely more on stress cues than statistical cues to infer word boundaries?

    <p>8 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What skill do 12-18 month olds acquire according to the 'Language Learning Sophisticate' section?

    <p>Acquiring up to 9 new words per day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary skill that infants need to learn language according to the 'Social Pragmatic Understanding' section?

    <p>Understanding social pragmatic intent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'Whole-Object Bias' suggest about infants' assumptions regarding novel words?

    <p>Infants associate novel words with whole objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do stress cues play in English-learning 7.5 month olds?

    <p>They rely more on stress cues than statistical cues to infer word boundaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do infants respond when two different labels ('dog' and 'ball') are mentioned but only one object is shown according to the text?

    <p>&quot;Dog&quot; and &quot;ball&quot; refer to different objects for infants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main implication of infants understanding a single label referring to objects that look the same and have similar functions?

    <p>&quot;Boring&quot; objects are more likely to be labeled by infants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do infants respond when an adult shakes their head 'no' while looking for an object and finds the wrong one, according to the text?

    <p>Infants understand the connection between gestures and labeling objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of infants using grammar to discover possible meaning?

    <p>Infants understanding syntactic bootstrapping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a study where 'purple' was described as 'blickish', how did infants respond to other purple objects?

    <p>They labeled them as 'blickish'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the study reveal about infants' understanding of word order?

    <p>They understood how words combine to make meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Wug Test demonstrate about some 18-month-olds?

    <p>Their understanding of word morphology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did infants respond when asked different questions about an apple and a flower?

    <p>They looked at the apple when asked 'what did the apple hit?'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean when infants are said to recognize parts of speech?

    <p>They recognize verbs, nouns, and other linguistic elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the ability of adults to discriminate between sounds 'b' and 'p' only when vocal onset time falls across different categories?

    <p>Categorical perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do infants demonstrate their ability to discriminate between native and foreign languages?

    <p>By responding to rhythm and intonational differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can infants recognize about well-formed sentences at 6 months of age?

    <p>The presence of pauses at appropriate locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do infants exhibit universal language perception according to the text?

    <p>By discriminating across many sounds adults in their culture cannot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the ability of newborns to recognize prosody before birth suggest?

    <p>Sensitivity to maternal language exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of sound discrimination do infants demonstrate when tested with suckling tasks?

    <p>Prosodic preference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the infants' preference for looking at a video of their mother when they hear the word 'mother'?

    <p>Preferential looking paradigm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do infants typically start connecting common words with their meanings?

    <p>6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Universal Baby Summary in relation to infants' perceptual abilities?

    <p>Learning names of common objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do infants demonstrate when they show canonical/reduplicated babbling at 6-7 months old?

    <p>Constraints of the vocal apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key developmental milestone infants reach between 6-12 months regarding language production?

    <p>Linking speech sounds to facial movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What perceptual abilities can infants showcase even before birth according to the text?

    <p>Distinguishing subtle speech properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of variegated babbling in infants at around 11 months of age?

    <p>It is influenced by the language infants are exposed to</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Perceptual Assimilation Model (PAM), what determines infants' discrimination of speech sounds?

    <p>Categorization into native-language perceptual categories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key factor that influences infants' speech sound categories?

    <p>The frequency of occurrence of phonemes in their native language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main strategy infants use to learn language based on the text?

    <p>Statistical learning of speech sounds and sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what procedure did 9-month-olds show a preference for two-syllable words with a more stressed first syllable?

    <p>Head turning procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do transitional probabilities of syllables measure in language learning?

    <p>The likelihood of a syllable following another in a speech sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do infants primarily categorize objects based on when learning new words?

    <p>Shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is assumed when a word is preceded by 'a', 'an', or 'the' according to infants' understanding?

    <p>It names objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do infants use grammar to assign meaning even to nonsensical words?

    <p>Through syntactic bootstrapping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do 19-month-olds demonstrate an understanding of syntax in word combinations?

    <p>By looking at correct photos for specific action sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do infants demonstrate when they look longer at an apple after being asked 'What hit the flower?'

    <p>Knowledge of question structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of question comprehension, what do 15-20 month-old infants show when asked different questions about objects?

    <p>Understanding of question nuances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do 8-11 month olds rely more on to infer word boundaries from fluent speech?

    <p>Stress cues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do infants demonstrate sensitivity to referential intent in labeling objects?

    <p>By following eye gaze</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'Whole-Object Bias' suggest about infants' assumptions regarding novel words?

    <p>Novel words refer to the whole object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary skill that sets humans apart from animals according to the text?

    <p>Social pragmatic understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do English-learning 7.5 month olds rely more on stress cues than statistical cues to infer word boundaries?

    <p>7.5 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do infants exhibit when asked to find a novel word over an attractive display representing an event?

    <p>Novelty preference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario would infants be surprised according to the text?

    <p>&quot;Dog&quot; and &quot;Ball&quot; are mentioned but only one object is shown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of infants following pointing and eye gaze reliably according to the text?

    <p>Understanding referential intent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ability do infants begin to use meaningfully between 12-18 months according to the 'Language Learning Sophisticate' section?

    <p>Using language to communicate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do English-learning 7.5 month olds primarily rely on to segment words from fluent speech?

    <p>Stress cues</p> Signup and view all the answers

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