Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best defines a contract?
A contract can be perfected without the acceptance of the offer.
False
What are the three stages of a contract?
Generation, Perfection, Consummation
The element of a contract that signifies the meeting of the offer and acceptance is called __________.
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Match each type of contracting party with their incapacity to give consent:
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Which of the following is NOT a requisite for an object to be considered certain in a contract?
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The cause in a contract should be unlawful in order for the contract to be valid.
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The __________ of contracts means they have an obligatory force or character.
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What is the primary focus of Labor Relations?
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Social Legislation Law governs employer-employee relationships even when the worker is at work.
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Name one example of Protective Legislation.
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The __________ legislation aims to reduce the insecurity of workers due to hazards arising from employment.
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Match the types of labor legislation with their descriptions:
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What is an example of Administrative Legislation?
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Labor Relations Legislation includes laws that govern fair practices in labor relations.
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What does Labor Standard Relations legislation prescribe?
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What is the main characteristic of apprentices in employment?
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Casual employees perform tasks that are usually necessary for the employer's business.
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What is the maximum duration for which learners can be trained?
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_____ employees are those hired on a trial basis, usually not exceeding six months.
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Which type of employee performs work that is seasonal in nature?
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Handicapped workers are those whose earning capacity is not affected by any conditions.
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What distinguishes regular employees from casual employees?
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Match the types of employees with their definitions:
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Which of the following is a condition for an employee to be classified as a managerial employee?
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Domestic servants are classified as those who perform services that are necessary for the maintenance of the employer's home.
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What is the primary duty of field personnel?
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Employees have the right to ______ to ensure better working conditions.
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Which of the following is NOT a constitutional right of workers?
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Match the rights of employers with their descriptions:
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An employee can be terminated without just cause if they provide a written notice at least one month in advance.
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What must an employer have in order to legally terminate an employee's contract?
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What is a bill of lading primarily considered to be?
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Private carriers are required to transport goods for all who offer reasonable compensation.
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What does the Warsaw Convention regulate?
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A common carrier is required to exercise __________ diligence.
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Match the type of carrier with its characteristic:
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Which of the following statements is true regarding common carriers?
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The bill of lading must be signed by only the shipper.
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In what context is a private carrier established?
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Who can commit work, education, or training-related sexual harassment?
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All forms of sexual harassment are declared unlawful in employment, education, or training environments.
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What must the employer or head of an educational institution do regarding the dissemination of information about the act?
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Sexual favor demands made during hiring processes can negatively affect __________ opportunities.
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Which of the following is NOT a condition for work-related sexual harassment as defined in the content?
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It is acceptable to require sexual favors in exchange for promotions in the workplace.
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List a key member that should be included in a committee addressing sexual harassment in a work-related environment.
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Match the following roles with their responsibilities in addressing sexual harassment:
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Study Notes
Module 6: Obligations & Contracts
- A contract is a meeting of the minds between two parties, where one party obligates themselves to provide something or a service to another.
- Essential elements of a contract include:
- Consent: The agreement of both parties, including capacity to consent (not minors, insane, etc.)
- Object Certain: The subject matter of the contract (a thing, right, or service). It must be licit (legal), real (existing), possible, and within commerce of men.
- Cause: The reason or motivation behind the contract.
Module 7: Hospitality at Work
- Labor Law governs working conditions under an employer. It includes aspects of labor standards, labor relations, and social legislation
- Labor standards dictate terms/conditions, hours, benefits—and worker protection.
- Labor relations pertain to employer/employee issues and/or collective bargaining.
- Social Legislation aims to protect workers not currently "at work."
- Different classifications of workers, including:
- Apprentices (trainees, with written agreement),
- Learners (similar, but shorter training period),
- Handicapped workers
- Casual Employees (unusually necessary work)
- Seasonal Employees (related to the nature of the work).
- Probationary Employees (trial period)
- Regular Employees (typical for the employer's business)
- Managerial Employees (manage aspects of the business).
- Domestic Servants
- Field Personnel (off-site work)
Module 8: Hospitality at Work
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Objectives:
- Understanding labor clauses, employee types, workers' rights
- Subtopics: - Classification of employees with explanations.
Module 9: Hospitality at Work
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Objectives:
- Understanding labor code provisions on hours of work & rest.
- Learning about holiday pay, leaves, and services charges.
- Discussing the Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995.
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Subtopics:
- Normal work hours: Eight (8) hours per day maximum under Art. 83
- Hours worked: Include time on duty or specified workplace, or being permitted to work
- Rest Periods: Short breaks count as hours worked, and employers must provide a 60-minute meal break according to Art 85.
- Night Shift Differential: Additional compensation for night work (per Art. 86)
- Overtime Work/Compensation (Art. 87)
- Service Charges: Distribution to employees and employers.
Module 10: Laws on Travel
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Subtopics:
- Definitions of "Transportation" and "Common Carrier"
- Discussing Bill of Lading
- Explanation of the Warsaw Convention (international air travel)
- An explanation of Air Freedom Rights (Rights for various types of international air travel)
Other
- Diplomatic Legislation: Regarding safe use of machinery and hazardous substances in the workplace.
- Administrative Legislation: Describes regulations established by various labor bodies and agencies.
- Labor Relation Legislation: Refers to regulations about employees forming organizations and collective bargaining.
- Labor Standard Relation Legislation: Contains regulations regarding worker wages, working hours, and other workplace benefits.
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Authorized Causes (of termination of employment):
- Serious misconduct/Willful disobedience.
- Gross Habitual Neglect.
- Fraud or willful breach.
- Crimes/Offences.
- Similar justifiable cases.
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Just Causes (of termination of employment):
- Causes that stem from actions of the employee
- Sexual Harassment: Unlawful in the employment environment
- Penalties for violation of the law: Imprisonment, fines, or both, as decided by the court.
- Separability Clause: The Act's void clauses won't affect other portions.
- Repealing Clause: Outdated laws conflicting with the Act are invalidated. This Act would supersede previous laws in some cases
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Description
Explore essential concepts of obligations and contracts in Module 6, including elements like consent and cause. Then, transition to Module 7, which delves into labor law, labor standards, and the importance of social legislation in the workplace. Test your understanding of these critical areas in legal studies.