Module 3: Cardiovascular Exercise & Diabetes

Chronic exercise training directly improves insulin action and blood glucose control.

It reduces risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, and high blood cholesterol.

Glucose transport can be stimulated by insulin or exercise.

<p>Exercise can bypass mechanisms underlying lipid-induced insulin resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both types of exercise reduce glucose levels for an extended timeframe in diabetics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin stimulates the movement of GLUT-4 to the skeletal muscle membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ECG stress testing may be necessary for sedentary individuals or those seeking vigorous activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The goals include prevention of diabetes-related complications and cardiovascular disease risk factor reduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin stimulates the movement of GLUT-4 to the skeletal muscle membrane, enhancing glucose transport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin resistance in adipose tissue leads to increased fatty acid release, which accumulates in skeletal muscle and impairs insulin signaling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A high lipid environment leads to the accumulation of reactive lipids which impair insulin signaling, causing insulin resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome, and general diabetes out of control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shakiness, weakness, sweating, anxiety, and hunger are common symptoms of hypoglycemia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peripheral neuropathy is a condition resulting from damage to the peripheral nerves; one symptom is numbness in the extremities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diabetic retinopathy is damage to the retina caused by chronically elevated blood sugar levels leading to microvascular complications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The A1C target for most individuals should be 7% or less.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion and/or utilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and defective insulin secretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Particular attention should be paid to the mode of exercise testing based on the presence of complications ('opaties').</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An exercise frequency greater than 3 days per week is suggested.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To achieve and maintain normal blood glucose levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, injuries or cardiovascular events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both aerobic and resistance exercise are recommended.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incorporating regular aerobic and resistance training into the weekly routine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individuals on hypoglycemic medication should consume additional carbohydrates, specifically 15g for each hour of exercise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exercise stimulates the translocation of GLUT-4 vesicles to the muscle membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This condition leads to hypoglycemia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They do not respond to exercise in a normal manner, leading to an imbalance in glucose metabolism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucose intolerance that occurs during pregnancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The most common problem is the imbalance between glucose utilization and glucose production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Normoglycemia is indicated when glucose utilization equals glucose production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The A1C blood test measures the average blood sugar level over the past 120 days.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The target blood pressure for diabetes patients is less than 130/80 mmHg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The LDL cholesterol target is less than 2.0 mmol/L.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oral anti-hyperglycemics like Metformin and insulin are two common classes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diabetics should aim for 150 minutes or more of moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise weekly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin levels decrease with exercise to promote glucose utilization by muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If insulin did not decrease, it could lead to hypoglycemia due to excessive glucose uptake by cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Components include setting personal goals, stress management, and regular health screenings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute exercise reduces plasma glucose levels for an extended timeframe in diabetics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GLUT-4 translocation involves the stimulated movement of GLUT-4 to the plasma membrane, facilitating glucose uptake even in diabetes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute exercise prevents lipid-induced insulin resistance by reducing the formation of reactive lipids and promoting proper lipid storage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute exercise enhances insulin sensitivity, with greater improvements observed at higher exercise intensities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>After acute exercise, the concentrations of mGPAT and DGAT1 increase significantly, approximately by 35%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute exercise enhances both insulin and exercise-stimulated glucose transport mechanisms more effectively in athletes than sedentary individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In Type II Diabetics, hyperglycemia can be present up to 13 out of 24 hours, affecting their exercise performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reactive lipids contribute to insulin resistance, but acute exercise helps mitigate this formation, improving metabolic function.</p> Signup and view all the answers