Module 2 - Distinguishing Correlational and Experimental Methods Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of Experimental methods in investigation?

  • Identifying correlations between variables
  • Making observations of patterns in nature
  • Manipulating variables to establish causality (correct)
  • Testing hypotheses without changing variables

    • In an Experimental method, how are participants typically assigned to conditions?

  • Assigned based on their prior experiences
  • Based on their own choice
  • Randomly assigned (correct)
  • Assigned based on their demographic characteristics

    • What is the main objective of Correlational methods in investigation?

  • Establishing causality between variables
  • Making observations without changing variables
  • Identifying relationships between variables (correct)
  • Changing variables to test hypotheses

    • What is the first step in the Scientific Method?

    <p>Making observations of patterns in nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a testable hypothesis in the Scientific Method?

    <p>To prove or disprove a hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the dependent variable in a well-designed experiment?

    <p>Is affected by changes in the independent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Monopoly Experiment, what behavior did the rich players exhibit more of during the game?

    <p>Showed dominance and celebration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key difference between a bad leader according to Sutton and Kiel?

    <p>Tries to unite conflicting parties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which study aimed to establish the 'natural' relationship between variables without manipulating them?

    <p>Income vs. Donation Correlational Study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common trait is associated with bad leaders according to Kiel?

    <p>Arrogance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the Monopoly Experiment results, how did wealthier players justify their success?

    <p>Disregarded the role of luck in their success</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a trait associated with bad leaders according to Sutton?

    <p>Sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Monopoly Experiment, which player exhibited behaviors suggesting self-interest and entitlement?

    <p>'Rich' player</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Correlation =/= Causation' refers to the common misconception that:

    <p>'Correlation always implies causation'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Happy employees' is a trait associated with which category of leaders?

    <p>'Good' leaders according to Kiel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Introspective of their own management styles, think about what it must be like to work for them' is a characteristic related to which type of leader?

    <p>'Good' leaders according to Kiel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to empathy levels as individuals gain power?

    <p>Decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of power paradox, what is the main difference between Reputational Power and Coercive Power?

    <p>One is based on empathy, the other on threats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to researchers, what did the Wealthier and more powerful players in the Monopoly Study fail to attribute to their success?

    <p>Luck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do high-income people tend to be less likely to do compared to low-income people?

    <p>Donate money to strangers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Pedestrian Crossing Study, which group of drivers were less likely to stop for pedestrians waiting to cross?

    <p>Drivers of luxury car brands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Wealth and Negotiation Study reveal about wealthier individuals?

    <p>They are more likely to lie at negotiations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do people who feel powerful behave differently with resources compared to those who feel less powerful?

    <p>They take more and are more rude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Robert Sutton suggest is the most reliable way of turning someone into a leader who is oblivious to the needs of their followers?

    <p>&quot;Electing them into a position of power&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic distinguishes 'Good Leaders' mentioned in the text from 'Bad Leaders'?

    <p>High Emotional Intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the text, what happens to a person's ability to empathize when they feel powerful?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason why military leaders might struggle in business?

    <p>Unwillingness to innovate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key issue with current hiring processes like those at Sears mentioned?

    <p>Failure to identify problematic personality types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one characteristic of individuals with high emotional intelligence, as stated in the text?

    <p>Stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are problematic personality traits typically masked during job interviews?

    <p>By showing stability and calmness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental goal of leadership, as per the text's discussion?

    <p>Achieving common good</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can managers improve their effectiveness based on the text?

    <p>Think about long-term company success</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between income level and likelihood to give money to strangers in the findings?

    <p>Those with lower income levels were more likely to give money to strangers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Car Brand vs. Stopping at Pedestrian Crossing Study find regarding expensive cars and stopping for pedestrians?

    <p>Expensive cars were less likely to stop for pedestrians.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may promote egalitarianism in society?

    <p>A 46-second video about childhood poverty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key finding about individuals who 'felt' rich in the Candy Jar Study?

    <p>They were more likely to take candy from children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of power on empathy according to the text?

    <p>Power diminishes the capacity for empathy and kindness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of power involves advancing the interests of other people, as exemplified by Abraham Lincoln?

    <p>Reputational power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality style attains power early but struggles to maintain it in the long run?

    <p>Dark triad personality styles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Experimental evidence for power leading to lack of empathy' was supported by what method according to the text?

    <p>Showing people photos of relatively richer people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of power do good bosses tend to yield?

    <p>Reputational power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the Four Moral Principles for High Moral Character?

    <p>Empathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What habit of character is described as telling the truth all the time?

    <p>Integrity habit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Costco CEO Jim Senegal receive the highest ratings for?

    <p>Integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key indicator of a virtuoso CEO's moral habits?

    <p>Empathy habit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who kept close to the dignity of everybody and treated opposition with respect?

    <p>Abraham Lincoln</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of psychopaths according to the text?

    <p>'Almost' psychopaths are more functional than actual psychopaths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the author hope to spark a conversation about within organizations?

    <p>Character-building in CEOs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Character is how you treat the person that cleans your office' signifies which habit?

    <p>'Integrity' habit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Teaching character is about strengthening moral habits' opposes which statement?

    <p>'Psychopaths are more functional than actual psychopaths'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Hogan believe is the core focus of leadership training programs?

    <p>Developing character</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Hogan, what is the key to a well-run team?

    <p>A good manager</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which era did academics not believe in the existence of 'personality'?

    <p>1960s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between politicians and leaders according to the text?

    <p>Use of ideology vs. use of data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do organizations reform leadership failures according to the text?

    <p>Facing actual bankruptcy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the most important traits of good leaders mentioned in the text?

    <p>Domain expertise and vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Winners win' concept by Hogan implies what about leadership?

    <p>'Winning' is consistent despite varying situational factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Return on Character is significant!' - What does this phrase imply according to Hogan's view?

    <p>'Character' plays a crucial role in achieving success as a leader</p> Signup and view all the answers

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