Modes of Arguing Overview

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Questions and Answers

What does the contrast between the first and second music clips in the Durex ad signify?

  • The excitement associated with Durex condoms. (correct)
  • The effectiveness of any condom.
  • The boredom of using a Durex condom.
  • The inherent pleasure of sex.

What is a primary technique employed in the Durex advertisement to convey its message?

  • Emotional appeal through music and humor. (correct)
  • A detailed comparison of condom brands.
  • Testimonials from medical professionals.
  • Statistical data from users.

In the context of the Durex ad, what does the term 'non-verbal elements' refer to?

  • The spoken words in the advertisement.
  • The use of visuals in the advertisement.
  • The packaging of the product.
  • The background music and sound effects. (correct)

What principle does the effectiveness of the Durex ad primarily rely upon?

<p>Context principle. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following arguments is NOT presented in favor of Durex condoms according to the content?

<p>They are recommended by health professionals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might be a limitation of the Durex advertisement's argument strategy?

<p>It relies heavily on subjective emotional appeal. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is music described as an effective tool in the context of the Durex ad?

<p>It evokes emotions related to sexual experiences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a suggested method for supporting claims about the effectiveness of condoms mentioned in the passage?

<p>Conducting surveys of users. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the missing rungs in the ladder symbolize in the context of housing?

<p>The inability to purchase affordable homes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do editorial cartoons typically communicate their messages?

<p>By appealing to emotions and using clever visual memes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one risk associated with the use of editorial cartoons in discussing serious issues?

<p>They can oversimplify complex issues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What underlying message is conveyed by the cartoon about housing?

<p>There is a need for action regarding housing issues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the difference between the two pieces of music in the Durex advertisement?

<p>It serves as a metaphor for the quality difference between ordinary condoms and Durex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do cartoons typically address political issues?

<p>By providing arguments and engaging various perspectives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion can be drawn about the property ladder from the discussed cartoon?

<p>It has become an unrealistic option for improving housing conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one argument made about the role of editorial cartoons in public discourse?

<p>They are effective in catching readers' attention and addressing issues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the cartoon 'Join, or Die' by Benjamin Franklin?

<p>To argue for unification among the American colonies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Benjamin Franklin's cartoon use metaphorical imagery?

<p>It compares the divided colonies to a severed snake. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of metaphor is represented in the statement 'Jill is a block of ice'?

<p>Verbal metaphor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What argument flag does the analogy in Franklin's cartoon serve?

<p>A necessity for unity among the colonies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase 'Join, or Die' suggest about the potential fate of the colonies?

<p>They will face division and decline. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of analyzing and diagramming an argument?

<p>To reveal all important parts of the argument (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What emotional impact do non-verbal metaphors, like those used in political cartoons, aim to create?

<p>Strong emotional responses to critical ideas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the Durex radio advertisements reduces their argumentative force?

<p>The lack of strong reasons supporting their conclusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an aspect of non-verbal metaphors?

<p>Literal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What reaction does a socio-political cartoon aim to elicit through its use of metaphor?

<p>Emotional engagement and reflection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the combination of elements in a successful advertisement?

<p>A blend of verbal and non-verbal elements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What non-verbal element was highlighted in the Mazda 'zoom, zoom' advertisements?

<p>Stirring music and stunning visuals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When attempting to analyze an advertisement, what initial step should be taken?

<p>Summarizing its contents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key conclusion drawn from the elements used in the Mazda 'zoom, zoom' advertisement for the Tribute?

<p>Its various elements are part of a package designed to convince consumers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does communication involving only explicit words compare to communication using multiple elements?

<p>It often leads to confusion and is less engaging (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary intention behind advertising messages like Mazda's 'zoom, zoom' series?

<p>To create a memorable brand image (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary argument derived from HP3 regarding the purchase of a Tribute?

<p>Fun should be prioritized over safety in vehicle selection. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which unstated premise does HP4 reject?

<p>The Tribute is less enjoyable than its competitors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the visual presentation in the argument?

<p>It may lack clarity and support for the argument. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many kinds of non-verbal elements are identified as functioning in an argument?

<p>Four kinds of non-verbal elements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of argument construction is emphasized towards the end of the content?

<p>Recognizing implicit aspects enhances understanding. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In assessing arguments, what should be evaluated according to the content?

<p>The plausibility of premises and the relevance of conclusions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best reflects the relationship between non-verbal meaning and verbal arguments?

<p>Complex arguments can include both non-verbal and verbal elements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the 'boy inside the man' play in the context of the advertisement?

<p>It highlights the emotional appeal targeted by the advertisement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant event is associated with the political poster created by Adolfo Mexiac during the 1968 Mexico Olympics?

<p>The Tlatelolco Massacre (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one method suggested in the content for constructing an argument using visual elements?

<p>Creating or finding visual images online (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes an appeal to pity in argumentative writing?

<p>A manipulation of emotions to persuade the audience (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many student protestors were killed during the incident known as the Tlatelolco Massacre?

<p>Over 300 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In constructing an argument as an influencer about the death penalty, what aspect should you consider?

<p>The clarity and structure of your message (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the study of arguments play in alternative dispute resolution mechanisms?

<p>It helps to clarify positions and facilitate understanding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical component of creating a strong appeal to pity?

<p>Providing an emotional story that connects with the audience (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the purpose of the poster 'Libertad de Expresion: Mexico 68'?

<p>To advocate for freedom of expression in response to political repression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Non-verbal metaphor

A figure of speech that uses an image or symbol to represent a concept or idea.

Visual metaphor

A visual representation used to convey a message or argument, often using symbolism and imagery.

Argument from analogy

An argument that uses a comparison between two things to draw a conclusion.

Argument flag

A powerful and persuasive image used to highlight a key point or idea in an argument.

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Mixed-mode argument

A compelling visual representation that combines verbal and non-verbal elements to create a strong argument.

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Symbolic representation

A visual representation used to express strong emotions and opinions.

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Ladder metaphor

A visual metaphor used to represent a complex issue or situation in a simple and relatable way.

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Missing rungs metaphor

A visual metaphor where rungs are missing from the ladder, symbolizing the unavailability of cheaper homes and the difficulty of climbing the property ladder.

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Broken ladder metaphor

The situation where a family cannot afford to buy a cheaper house to start climbing the property ladder because of increasing housing prices, implying that the traditional property ladder is broken.

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Aural metaphor

A type of argument where sounds are used to convey a message or idea.

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Non-verbal argument

An argument that uses images, sounds, or other non-verbal cues to convey a message.

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Intelligibility in non-verbal arguments

The meaning of a non-verbal argument is clear and understandable.

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Context in non-verbal arguments

The context surrounding a non-verbal argument influences its interpretation.

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Components in non-verbal arguments

The components of a non-verbal argument work together to create a cohesive message.

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Analyzing non-verbal arguments

Applying the principles of Intelligibility, Context, and Components to understand a non-verbal argument.

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Visual argument

A visual argument uses images, symbols, and design to convey a message effectively.

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Strength of a non-verbal argument

The effectiveness of a non-verbal argument depends on how well it utilizes its components.

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Appeal to Pity

An argument that appeals to emotions such as pity or sympathy.

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Weak Analogy

An argument that uses a comparison to draw a conclusion, but the comparison is not a strong one.

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Strong Analogy

An argument that uses a comparison to draw a conclusion, and the comparison is a strong and appropriate one.

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Explicit Communication

Communication that relies on words and language, leaving little room for interpretation.

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Diagramming an Argument

The process of identifying, analyzing, and representing the parts of an argument to see if it's sound or flawed.

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Non-verbal Argument Elements

Elements in an argument that are not expressed through words but communicate through images, sounds, or actions.

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Emotional Appeal in Advertising

A persuasive tactic that focuses on emotions and feelings rather than logical reasoning.

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Advertisement's Conclusion

The overall message or conclusion that an advertisement seeks to convey.

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Unstated premises

These are unspoken assumptions that connect premises to conclusions in an argument.

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Multiple non-verbal meanings

Non-verbal elements can have multiple meanings, conveying emotions, symbolism, and even cultural context.

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Mixed-mode analysis

To understand an argument, we need to analyze not only the verbal statements but also the non-verbal elements.

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Diagramming complex arguments

By analyzing the structure of arguments, we can identify their strengths and weaknesses, even if they use non-verbal elements.

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Intelligibility and context

When presenting arguments to others, we need to ensure they are clear, understandable, and relevant to the context.

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Study Notes

Modes of Arguing

  • Arguments are built in various ways, going beyond just verbal arguments
  • There are four significant modes of arguing: verbal, visual, auditory, and emotional
  • The verbal mode uses words, either literally or metaphorically, in speech or writing
  • The visual mode utilizes non-verbal images (photographs, videos, diagrams, etc.)
  • The auditory mode relies on sounds (tones of voice, natural sounds, music, etc.)
  • The emotional mode involves expressions of emotion (facial expressions, gestures, etc.)
  • Arguers often combine these modes to create complex arguments

Argument Flags

  • Nonverbal cues play a role in argumentation, similar to traffic rules
  • Verbal arguments may use non-verbal cues to structure, introduce, or express arguments
  • Argument flags (visual or nonverbal cues) are used to attract and maintain audience attention
  • These cues include auditory elements (e.g., voice tone, music), visual elements (images, videos, symbols), and emotional elements (facial expressions).

Modes of Feeling

  • Emotions are central to human interaction
  • Arguments using emotion make premises appealing or offer conclusions based on relatable emotions
  • An emotional argument occurs when the argument is rooted in emotions.

Intuitive Mode

  • Argument relies on gut feelings, hunches, dreams, or visions
  • Intuitive arguments are based on personal experience, beliefs, and feelings and are difficult to articulate/define
  • Intuitive arguments can be a part of real-world discussions and debates.

Symbols and Metaphors

  • Nonverbal cues can act as symbols and metaphors, replacing words or referring to concepts
  • These symbols/metaphors depend upon context, culture, and individual references
  • Symbols are used to represent ideas, persons, or objects/situations in an argument,

Complex Argument Example

  • Arguments often use multiple modes (visual, auditory, emotional, intuitive)
  • Arguments need clear premise and conclusion, to be well-reasoned
  • The effectiveness of arguments depends on how appropriate the premises are, and if they support the conclusion.
  • If the non-verbal elements have clear meaning, it can be an effective form of persuasion.

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