Modernismo y Generación del 98
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Questions and Answers

¿Qué autor es conocido por la creación del 'esperpento' en los años 20?

  • Wenceslao Fernández Flórez
  • Valle-Inclán (correct)
  • Ramón Pérez de Ayala
  • Federico García Lorca

La literatura deshumanizada surgió principalmente gracias a la influencia de qué pensador?

  • Gabriel Miró
  • Ortega y Gasset (correct)
  • Ramón Gómez de la Serna
  • José Díaz Fernández

¿Cuál de las siguientes obras no corresponde a Federico García Lorca?

  • Bodas de sangre
  • La casa de Bernarda Alba
  • Los intereses creados (correct)
  • Yerma

¿Qué corriente literaria se desarrolló durante la dictadura primorriverista y la época republicana?

<p>Nuevo romanticismo (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué constituye la principal característica de las novelas de Ramón Gómez de la Serna y Wenceslao Fernández Flórez?

<p>La mezcla de humor y lirismo (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál es un rasgo característico del Modernismo en la literatura?

<p>La búsqueda de la belleza como un valor esencial. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué texto se considera el inicio de la recepción del Modernismo hispanoamericano?

<p>Azul… de Rubén Darío. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué forma poética predomina en la poesía modernista?

<p>Eneasílabo. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué influencia se observa en el irracionalismo del Modernismo?

<p>Los pensamientos de Schopenhauer y Nietzsche. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál de los siguientes autores es considerado un destacado representante del Modernismo?

<p>Antonio Machado. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué elemento es fundamental en la obra poética de Rubén Darío?

<p>La musicalidad y metáforas atrevidas. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué evento se considera el 'desastre del 98'?

<p>La caída del Imperio Español. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué caracteriza a la obra de Juan Ramón Jiménez en su primera etapa?

<p>La musicalidad y el simbolismo. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué concepto utiliza Unamuno para explicar la esencia de lo español?

<p>Intrahistoria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué rasgo común se identifica entre los autores de la generación del 98?

<p>Pesimismo (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál de los siguientes autores NO se considera parte del núcleo inicial de la generación del 98?

<p>Becquer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué característica se destaca en las novelas de Baroja?

<p>Cosmovisión pesimista (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué técnica utiliza Valle-Inclán en 'Tirano Banderas'?

<p>Técnicas vanguardistas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál de las siguientes obras es considerada parte de las 'novelas de 1902'?

<p>La voluntad (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué tema central explora Unamuno en sus novelas?

<p>Conflictos existenciales (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cómo se describe la narrativa de Azorín en comparación con la intriga argumental?

<p>Más descriptiva y ensayística (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Modernismo

A literary movement reacting to the bourgeois view of art and positivism, focusing on beauty, emotional subjectivity, and a more suggestive language.

Generación del 98

A group of Spanish writers dissatisfied with the country's conditions after the Spanish-American War (1898).

Esteticismo (Modernismo)

Priority given to beauty as the essential value in Modernist art, often as a reaction against everyday life.

Irracionalismo (Modernismo)

Modernist tendencies influenced by philosophers like Schopenhauer and Nietzsche, emphasizing subjectivity and emotions over pure reason.

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Rubén Darío

A key figure in Spanish-language Modernism, particularly in poetry, influencing many Spanish writers.

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Spanish-American War (1898)

A war leading to a major crisis and dissatisfaction in Spain, which fostered the formation of the Generation of 1898.

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Poesía (Modernismo)

The dominant genre of Modernist literature, characterized by musicality, use of symbols, and emotional language.

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Antonio Machado

A significant Spanish Modernist poet, known for his poetry focusing on the Spanish landscape and history.

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Generación del 98

A group of Spanish writers who responded to Spain's problems after the Spanish-American War.

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Novela social (1920s)

A novel style that focuses on the society's problems in Spain.

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"Prosistas del 27"

A group of Spanish writers expressing a type of "dehumanized" literature.

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Teatro comercial

Popular theatrical style catering to the mainstream in early 20th-century Spain.

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Esperpento

Valle-Inclán's aesthetic style of grotesque imagery and satirical view.

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Generation of '98

A group of Spanish writers who reacted against political issues in Spain's Restoration era through their works. They grappled with Spain's essence, often presenting pesimistic views of the country's situation, and innovated literary styles.

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Spanish Restoration

A period in Spanish history marked by political issues, characterized by caciquismo, corruption, social injustice. This greatly affected the Generation of '98.

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Intrahistoria

A concept by Unamuno, emphasizing the internal, often concealed, history inside Spanish culture; an inward view of the nation's essence.

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Novels of 1902

A group of novels emblematic of the Generation of '98, focusing on personal and collective crises. Notable examples highlight the themes of both individual experiences and societal issues.

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Modernist Decadence

A style of writing that focuses on elaborate descriptions of beauty or psychological decay, often with pessimistic overtones.

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Pessimism (Generation of '98)

A trend in Generation of '98 writing, often influenced by philosophers like Schopenhauer and Nietzsche, focusing on themes like existential anguish or despair.

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Renovation of Style

A key feature of Generation of '98, where authors moved away from traditional rhetorical style to simpler, more natural methods of prose.

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Realist Novel

A 19th-century literary style presenting realistic representations of life and society, a technique that the Generation of '98 challenged.

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Study Notes

Modernismo y Generación del 98

  • Modernismo y Generación del 98 reacted against the positivism and bourgeois art concepts of the late 19th century Europe.
  • Modernism origins in French trends (Parnasianism, Symbolism, Decadentism) from 1850s. Rubén Darío's Azul (1888) marked the start of Modernism's reception in Spain.
  • Key features of Modernism include aestheticism (beauty as essential value), irrationalism (influenced by philosophers like Schopenhauer and Nietzsche), and subjectivity/sensuality.
  • Literary language was renewed with emphasis on musicality, imagery, and bold metaphors.
  • Poetry, exemplified by Rubén Darío, employed the alexandrine and experimented with new forms.
  • Spanish Modernist poets included Manuel Machado and Antonio Machado.
  • Juan Ramón Jiménez's early works are also considered part of Modernism.

Generación del 98

  • The Generation of '98 responded to Spain's 1898 defeats and the political system's failings.
  • The group critiqued the Restoration's political system.
  • Key characteristics are a concern for Spain's essence, found notably in Unamuno, Azorín, and Machado focusing on Castilla's history and landscape.
  • Pessimism, influenced by irrationalist thinkers like Schopenhauer and Nietzsche, explored themes like existential angst.
  • A shift towards simpler, natural styles opposed to the rhetorical style of the 19th century.
  • Notable early figures include Azorín, Maeztu, and Baroja, followed by Unamuno, Antonio Machado, and Valle-Inclán.
  • The generation's ideas were expressed through essays, emphasizing issues of national crisis. Key works include Unamuno's "En torno al casticismo" and Maeztu's "Hacia otra España".
  • Their works' emotional impact led to the "novelas de 1902," exemplified by Azorín's "La voluntad," Baroja's "Camino de perfección," and Unamuno's "Amor y pedagogía."

Novela y Teatro

  • The Generation of '98 broke from realist novels.
  • Unamuno's works focused on existential concerns (e.g., Niebla, San Manuel Bueno, mártir).
  • Azorín's novels emphasized description and essays.
  • Baroja expressed a pessimistic and skeptical view, with characters experiencing apathy and action.
  • Valle-Inclán moved from Modernism's decadence.
  • Later 20th-century novelists (e.g., Ramón Pérez de Ayala, Gabriel Miró) built on these innovations.
  • The "prosistas del 27" reflected modernist influences (e.g., Jarnés, Francisco Ayala, Max Aub, Rosa Chacel).
  • Other trends like "Nuevo Romanticismo" emerged during the dictatorship and republic.
  • Commercial theatre (e.g., Benavente, Arniches) coexisted with attempts at renewal (e.g., Unamuno, Azorín, and Jacinto Grau).
  • Valle-Inclán developed "esperpento," a grotesque style; Lorca's plays became globally influential.

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Literatura de Fin de Siglo: Generación del 98 y Modernismo (PDF)

Description

Este cuestionario explora las características y los orígenes del Modernismo y la Generación del 98 en la literatura española. Se analizan figuras clave como Rubén Darío y los poetas de la Generación del 98, así como las reacciones culturales a los problemas políticos de España. A través de preguntas sobre su estilo literario y temas, profundizaremos en su impacto en la literatura.

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