Modernism and Its Principles
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Questions and Answers

Modern lifestyles are based on religious beliefs.

False (B)

In modernism, science is viewed as the ultimate truth.

True (A)

Post-modernism is a continuation of modernism's core principles.

False (B)

Rationalism, empiricism, and logic are all ideas that didn't appear until postmodernism.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The focus of modernism is ultimate truth.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Modernism was mobilized by Enlightenment philosophers.

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Modernism places no importance on rational thoughts when determining the truth.

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Modernism rejects the application of rationalism in organizing society.

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According to Modernism, scientific success is irrelevant to the progress of human knowledge.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Modernism embraces empiricism and rationalism to improve lives and cultures.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Modernist thinking is based on the Dark Ages movement and thought.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Abdul Rahman (2010), success can be achieved by humans using their minds, according to the Enlightenment movement.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The starting point of the Modernism period was around the 16th century.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Marxism was interpreted to be used as an economic idea, also known as Communism.

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Dialectical Idealism was made into the concept known as Dialectical Materialism.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Modernism preceded the philosophical era of Post-Modernism.

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The Theocentric era in Western society strongly emphasized life away from religious beliefs.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the Anthropocentric era, there was a shift from focusing on humans(society) to focusing entirely on God and religion.

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The Renaissance Era saw the decline of secular humanism groups.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term 'ideology' is generally understood as a combination of the words 'idea' and 'logy'.

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The Anthropic era preceded the Theocentric era in Western ideology.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of ideology, 'logy' refers to the study or knowledge of ideas.

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During the Theocentric era, living a religious life was not a crucial factor in the lives of Europeans.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Morphology is connected to philosophical ideas.

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The primary focus of the 'idea' component within 'ideology' relates to tangible, physical objects.

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The course MPU2193 explores topics such as philosophy, current issues, and specifically excludes the study of ideology.

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Postmodernism's challenges are seen as a triumph of modernism.

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One of the learning outcomes is to explain the challenges of modern relativism as the reaction towards the failure of postmodernism.

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The course explicitly aims to elaborate on the implications of modern relativism in affirming the truth and reality of life.

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The course analyzes religion and tradition’s answers to the challenges of modern objectivism.

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The term 'Logy' refers to the sounds that cows make.

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Postmodernists consider gender a social construct, not determined by biology.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Postmodernism suggests language does not change based on context or culture.

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Postmodernism embraces grand narratives as universal guides to life's meaning.

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Postmodernism disregards origin stories about the relationship between humans and nature.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The postmodernist perspective views language as solely for communication, lacking deeper inherent meaning.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Postmodernism accepts traditional metaphysics and religious explanations about the destination of souls.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Postmodernism views 'truth', 'tradition', 'history' and 'morality' as grand narratives.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ziauddin Sardar fully embraces grand narratives such as religion and morality.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Postmodernism emphasizes individual identity over group identity.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Deconstruction Theory was introduced by Jacques Derrida.

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Rejecting history, literature, and religion is deemed beneficial for self-identity in postmodernism.

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A clear vision and mission in life are deemed unnecessary in postmodernism.

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Michael Foucault is one of the key figures associated with postmodernism.

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Postmodernism promotes a single, universal perspective on moral choices.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Jean Baudrillard is not recognized as a figure of postmodernism.

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A period of relativism destructively influences our ability to discern right from wrong.

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Flashcards

Modernism

A movement centered on science, rationalism, and logic, viewing them as the ultimate truth.

Postmodernism

A reaction against modernism, introducing new theoretical ideas and perspectives on human society.

Rationalism

The belief that reason and logical thinking are the primary sources of knowledge.

Empiricism

The theory that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience.

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Ultimate human goal

The aspiration for progress and improvement in life, often associated with modernity.

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Marxism

A socio-economic theory advocating for class struggle and communism.

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Dialectical Materialism

A philosophical approach that combines dialectics and materialism to understand societal progress.

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Communism

A political and economic ideology advocating for collective ownership of production.

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Theocentric

An era centered around God in Western society, with religious life as a leading focus.

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Anthropocentric

An era that focuses on human beings rather than divine entities, seen during the Renaissance.

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Secular Humanism

A philosophy that emphasizes human values and concerns, rejecting religious beliefs.

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Renaissance Era

A period marked by a revival of art, culture, and humanism, shifting focus from God to humanity.

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Ideology

The study of ideas; knowledge of ideas.

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Relativism

The belief that truth is subjective and varies by context.

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Criticism of Relativism

Concerns regarding the denial of objective truth.

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Enlightenment Project

An intellectual movement focusing on reason and individualism.

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Challenges of Postmodern Relativism

Issues faced by modern beliefs in a relativistic world.

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Implication of Relativism

Denies absolute truths, affecting moral and religious beliefs.

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Figures of Postmodernism

Key thinkers and advocates of postmodern ideas.

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Contemporary Society

Modern-day society shaped by various ideologies.

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Social Construct

An idea or concept that is created and shaped by societal norms and expectations.

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Gender as a Social Construct

The belief that gender roles are defined by societal norms rather than biological differences.

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Language as a Social Construct

The idea that language is used primarily for communication and varies based on cultural context.

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Grand Narratives

Broad, meta-stories or ideologies that claim to provide comprehensive explanations about life and existence.

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Rejection of Grand Narratives

Postmodernism's stance against overarching explanations of truth, morality, and existence.

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Contextual Language

The concept that the meaning of language changes depending on context and cultural influences.

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Metaphysics Rejection

Postmodernism's denial of universal truths about existence, combining various philosophical inquiries.

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Enlightenment

An intellectual movement that emphasized reason and individualism over tradition.

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Immanuel Kant

A key philosopher of Modernism known for his work on ethics and knowledge.

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John Locke

A philosopher who argued that humans can shape their societies through reasoning.

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David Hume

Philosopher who contributed to skepticism about human understanding and experience.

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Scientific Method

A systematic process for investigating phenomena and acquiring new knowledge.

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Postmodernism focus

Emphasizes group identity over individualism.

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Self-identity

Personal understanding of who we are, shaped by history and culture.

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Role of history

Provides perspective and a sense of direction in life.

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Ethical decision-making

The process of evaluating and choosing among alternatives in a manner consistent with ethical principles.

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Jacques Derrida

A key figure in postmodernism known for deconstruction theory.

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Deconstruction theory

A philosophical approach that questions and breaks down text and concepts to reveal hidden assumptions.

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Vision and mission

A clear idea of one’s goals and direction in life.

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Study Notes

Week 9: Ideology

  • Ideology is a combination of "idea" and "logy"
  • "Idea" refers to thoughts or sparks of thoughts
  • "Logy" refers to a discipline or science of research
  • Ideology is defined as the knowledge of ideas

Change in Western Ideology

  • Modernism: a significant shift in Western thought, beginning in the late 1800s
  • Enlightenment Project: a philosophical movement that emphasized reason, science, and progress, forming the basis for many modernist ideals.
  • Modernism's characteristics include a focus on rationalism, with science serving as the primary way of understanding the world
  • Postmodernism: a reaction against the perceived failures of modernism, emerging in the 1980s
  • Characteristics of the Modern era include technological innovation and progress, imperialism, capitalism and consumerism
  • Postmodernism rejects many of the ideas about absolute truth found in modernism
  • The emergence of postmodernism signifies the end of modernism

Premodern, Modern, Postmodern

  • Premodern: societies and religions centered on God
  • Modern: individuals and humanity are increasingly at the center of focus
  • Postmodern: rejects grand narratives

The Enlightenment Project

  • The Enlightenment project emphasizes reason and science, focusing on intellectual thought.
  • The Enlightenment period saw crucial shifts in philosophy and marked a move away from religious dogma.
  • In the Enlightenment era, different spheres of thought, such as physics, chemistry, and astronomy, became successful
  • The Enlightenment project led to the advancement of several areas of understanding

New Philosophers

  • Bertrand Russell and Karl Popper were prominent figures in this era
  • These philosophers focused on rational thoughts and scientific methods

Characteristics of the Modernism Era

  • Modernism was centrally focused on rational understanding.
  • Science was the primary source of knowledge.
  • Consistent progress was a central goal of the thought.

Postmodernism

  • Postmodernism was a reaction against the shortcomings of modernism.
  • Postmodernism rejects the idea of a single, absolute truth.
  • Postmodernism values a variety of perspectives and experiences over objective truths
  • Postmodernism is heavily critiqued in the slides
  • Postmodernism's core ideas include that there is no permanent truth or reality and the rejection of grand narratives
  • Relativism is an important component of postmodernism.

Criticism Towards Relativism

  • Critics argue relativism contradicts itself by claiming there's no absolute truth.
  • Some critics assert that relativism is flawed because it doesn't allow for scientific consensus,
  • Critics suggest that a lack of a single, widely-held truth within science would result in confusion

The Effect of Relativism Towards Religious Beliefs

  • Relativism challenges the perceived absoluteness of religious beliefs, suggesting the possibility of multiple valid interpretations
  • Relativism can be viewed as a threat by religions, because it denies the possibility of a single truth.
  • Relativism may lead to confusion about religious beliefs

Facing Postmodernism

  • The development of history may have reached a dead-end.
  • A period of relativism that challenges identity, purpose, and direction may be upon us.
  • Maintaining one's history, values, and cultural identity are presented as essential in facing the challenges presented by postmodernism
  • Reevaluating and understanding one's roots, establishing a life vision and purpose, and keeping up with societal change are suggested as ways to overcome possible setbacks

Figures of Postmodernism

  • Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, and Jean Baudrillard are key figures in postmodern thought.
  • They each contributed significantly, offering different insights

Contemporary Society

  • Contemporary society is viewed as one where different schools of thought are in competition.
  • The three competing schools of thought are enlightenment, Postmodernism and religion

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Related Documents

Week 9 - Ideology Lecture Notes (PDF)

Description

Explore the key concepts of Modernism, its relationship with Enlightenment philosophy, and how it contrasts with rationalism and empiricism. This quiz delves into the foundations and impacts of Modernist thinking from the 16th century onward.

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