Mobile Genetic Elements and Microbial Hosts
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Questions and Answers

What can drive the evolution of bacterial hosts towards higher virulence?

  • Mobile genetic elements (mGes) (correct)
  • Antibiotic treatment
  • Population bottlenecks
  • Genetic drift

Why are mGes maintained within the population effectively by accident?

  • Genetic drift
  • Through natural selection
  • Via transmission of Wolbachia from one host to the next (correct)
  • Compensatory evolution

How can the acquisition of deleterious mGes be partially rescued in some microbial hosts?

  • Genetic drift
  • Population bottlenecks
  • Through antibiotic treatment
  • Via compensatory evolution (correct)

What can lead to the extensive maintenance of mGes in certain genomes?

<p>Inefficient natural selection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can happen to mGes in host lineages to become indispensable components of the host genome?

<p>They are passed on to daughter cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can mobile genetic elements (MGEs) affect the microorganism–eukaryotic host relationship?

<p>By coding for traits that harm or benefit microbial hosts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can happen to a resistance-conferring MGE in the absence of the corresponding antibiotic?

<p>It can become costly to its host (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What systems force the maintenance of large low-copy-number plasmids in microbial hosts?

<p>Resolution systems, partitioning systems, and post-segregational killing systems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do toxin-antitoxin systems encode?

<p>Both a stable protein toxin and a less stable antitoxin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can mobile genetic elements transition from being beneficial elements to parasites over time?

<p>Over very short evolutionary timescales (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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