Mutations and Mobile Genetic Elements

Which process involves the uptake of naked foreign DNA from the environment by a bacterial cell?

What is a rare event that can occur when two different strains of bacteria are mixed together?

Which process involves the direct transfer of genetic material between two joined bacterial cells?

What type of DNA can a bacteriophage contain when it infects a bacterial cell?

Which process is mediated by bacteriophages (phages/bacterial viruses)?

In gene transfer, what type of elements involve deletions and insertions in the genome?

What type of mutation affects a single codon or amino acid?

Which mutation type may cause a frame shift and render the protein non-functional?

What happens in a silent mutation?

How do insertions and deletions typically affect proteins?

In the context of mutations, what is a missense mutation?

What is the approximate spontaneous mutation rate during DNA replication in E. coli?

Given that E. coli reproduces at a rate of approximately 2 x 10^10 new cells per day, how many new mutations would be expected per day?

Which factor contributes to the significant impact of new mutations on genetic diversity in bacteria?

What is the primary cause of mutations in bacteria?

Which of the following statements about codon redundancy is true?

Which of the following is NOT a type of mobile genetic element mentioned in the text?