120 Questions
What is the primary goal of adding additive solutions and anticoagulants to blood components during storage?
To minimize physical changes in the blood component
What is the main advantage of component transfusion over whole blood transfusion?
It allows for more efficient use of blood components
What is the primary concern in blood component preparation that can be addressed by the use of anticoagulants?
Prevention of clotting during transfusion
What is the primary benefit of optimizing blood component storage conditions?
Improved safety and efficacy of blood transfusions
What is the primary goal of blood component preparation in the context of hemotherapy?
To maximize the usage of blood in component transfusion
What is the primary concern addressed by the use of additive solutions in blood component preparation?
Prevention of physical changes during storage
What is the primary purpose of adding additive solutions to packed RBCs?
To enhance red cell metabolism during storage
What happens to plasma retention in packed red cells when additive solutions are not used?
More plasma is retained
What is the primary concern during blood component preparation?
Time constraints
Why is it important to separate blood components from whole blood?
To preserve autologous units and rare phenotypes
What is the effect of additive solutions on ADP production during storage?
It increases ADP production
What is the benefit of removing more plasma from packed red cells when using additive solutions?
Minimized storage hemolysis
What is the primary function of anticoagulants in blood collection and storage?
To prevent the clotting process and maintain blood in a fluid state
What happens when a blood component is transferred from one blood bag to another?
The blood component is now considered an open-system, reducing its allowable storage time
What is the purpose of additive solutions in blood storage?
To allow for longer storage of blood, depending on the type of solution used
What is the common issue with blood recording in the Philippines compared to other countries?
Manual recording, with some encoded in computer systems
What happens to blood components that are contaminated with bacteria?
They are discarded due to the high risk of infection
What is the primary concern when a blood component is exposed to air?
The risk of bacterial contamination
What is the effect of decreased 2,3-DPG on red blood cells?
Decreases oxygen release
Why is fresh blood necessary for exchange transfusion in newborns?
To ensure sufficient 2,3-DPG for oxygen release
What is the purpose of citrate in anticoagulant solutions?
To chelate calcium and prevent coagulation
What is the primary function of mannitol in additive solutions?
To prevent hemolysis by stabilizing the red blood cell membrane
What is the effect of a low pH environment on red blood cells?
Destroys red blood cells
What is the primary purpose of adenine in additive solutions?
To provide a source of energy for ATP synthesis
What is the minimum percentage of original RBCs that must be supported in the recipient's circulation for at least 24 hours after transfusion?
75%
Which of the following biochemical changes occur in the blood during storage?
Increased hemoglobin
What is the byproduct of glucose metabolism that causes the pH to decrease during storage?
Lactic acid
What is the primary source of sodium increase in stored blood?
Gradual breakdown of RBCs
What is the purpose of ATP in stored red blood cells?
To support various cellular functions
What is the maximum duration for which some red blood cells can survive during storage?
120 days
What is the primary function of centrifuge equipment in blood component manufacturing?
To separate blood components from whole blood
What is the main objective of following Current Good Manufacturing Practices (CGMP) in blood manufacturing?
To ensure the safety, purity, and potency of blood products
What is the primary purpose of documentation in blood manufacturing?
To capture critical steps in the blood manufacturing process
What is the primary concern addressed by the use of filtration in blood component manufacturing?
Contamination from one component to another
What is the primary advantage of using plated agitator machines in blood component storage?
Improved anticoagulant and additive mixing
What is the primary role of refrigerators in blood component storage?
To store blood components at optimal temperatures
What is the primary purpose of anticoagulants in blood component preparation?
To prevent blood clotting
What is the primary concern addressed by the use of additive solutions in blood component preparation?
Reduced blood component shelf life
What is the primary role of storage freezers in blood component management?
To store blood components at ultra-low temperatures
What is the primary benefit of implementing robust quality control measures in blood component manufacturing?
Enhanced safety, purity, and potency of blood products
What is the primary function of adenine in additive solutions?
To act as a substrate for red cell ATP synthesis
Why is it necessary to use fresh blood for exchange transfusion in newborns?
To ensure adequate 2,3-DPG levels for oxygen release
What is the primary consequence of decreased 2,3-DPG levels in stored red blood cells?
Increased oxygen affinity and decreased oxygen release
What is the primary function of citrate in anticoagulant solutions?
To chelate calcium and prevent coagulation
What is the primary consequence of low pH environment on stored red blood cells?
Increased risk of hemolysis and reduced shelf life
What is the primary purpose of additive solutions in blood storage?
To support ATP generation via the glycolytic pathway
What is the primary mechanism by which ATP is utilized in red blood cells during storage?
To produce energy for cellular functions
What is the primary consequence of decreased 2,3-DPG levels in red blood cells?
Increased oxygen release
What is the primary biochemical change that occurs in stored blood, leading to a decrease in pH?
Lactic acid buildup
What is the primary function of additive solutions in packed RBCs?
To reduce hemolysis
What is the primary source of increased sodium levels in stored blood?
Gradual breakdown of RBCs
What is the minimum percentage of original RBCs that must be supported in the recipient's circulation for at least 24 hours after transfusion?
75%
Which of the following would MOST LIKELY occur if additive solutions were not used in packed RBCs?
More plasma would be retained in the packed RBCs
What is the primary role of additive solutions in packed RBCs?
To maintain RBC metabolism and prevent hemolysis during storage
What is the consequence of increased plasma retention in packed RBCs?
Decreased hemolysis during storage
What is the primary concern addressed by the use of additive solutions in packed RBCs?
Prevention of hemolysis during storage
What is the effect of additive solutions on glucose metabolism in packed RBCs?
Increased glucose metabolism during storage
What is the primary benefit of removing more plasma from packed RBCs when using additive solutions?
Decreased hemolysis during storage
What is the primary purpose of maintaining viability and function of blood components during storage?
To maximize the usage of blood in component transfusion
What is the effect of physical changes on blood components during storage?
Decreased shelf life of blood components
What is the primary reason why blood components are considered unacceptable if not stored in a closed system?
To minimize bacterial contamination
What is the primary concern addressed by the use of anticoagulants in blood collection?
Prevention of physical changes during storage
What is the benefit of optimizing blood component storage conditions?
Maximized usage of blood in component transfusion
What is the consequence of not using additive solutions in packed RBCs?
Decreased 2,3-DPG levels
What is the primary role of anticoagulants in blood collection and storage?
To prevent coagulation and maintain blood fluidity
What is the primary goal of blood component preparation in the context of hemotherapy?
To maximize the usage of blood in component transfusion
What is the primary concern during blood component preparation?
Prevention of physical changes during storage
What is the primary concern during manual recording of blood components in the Philippines?
Inaccurate recording
What is the primary advantage of using barcodes in blood component storage?
Accurate tracking and identification
What is the primary consequence of bacterial contamination in blood components?
Discard of the blood component
What is the primary function of filtration in blood component manufacturing?
To ensure no cross-contamination between blood components
What is the primary advantage of using centrifuge equipment in blood component manufacturing?
Improved separation of blood components
What is the primary purpose of documenting critical steps in the blood manufacturing process?
To ensure compliance with CGMP regulations
What is the primary role of storage freezers in blood component management?
To preserve blood components at optimal temperatures
What is the primary concern addressed by the use of plated agitator machines in blood component storage?
Prevention of blood component degradation
What is the primary function of anticoagulants in blood component preparation?
To prevent blood clotting during collection
What is the primary benefit of implementing robust quality control measures in blood component manufacturing?
Ensured compliance with CGMP regulations
What is the primary purpose of refrigerators in blood component storage?
To preserve blood components at optimal temperatures
What is the primary concern addressed by the use of additive solutions in blood component preparation?
Maintenance of optimal blood component metabolism
What is the primary role of blood bags in blood component manufacturing?
To collect and store blood components
Which of the following additive solutions is known to contain glucose, adenine, mannitol, and saline?
AS-7
What is the primary mechanism by which 2,3-DPG enables oxygen release from hemoglobin?
Decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen
What is the primary consequence of decreased 2,3-DPG levels in stored red blood cells?
Impaired oxygen release
What is the primary function of citrate in anticoagulant solutions?
Prevents coagulation by chelating calcium
What is the primary purpose of adenine in additive solutions?
Provides a source of energy for the red cell
What is the primary consequence of a low pH environment on red blood cells?
Increases hemolysis
What is the primary function of additive solutions in blood component preparation?
To maintain RBC viability and function
What is the primary concern addressed by the use of anticoagulants in blood component preparation?
Preventing coagulation of blood components
What is the primary benefit of separating blood components from whole blood?
Maximizing the usage of blood components
What is the primary goal of blood component preparation in the context of hemotherapy?
To maximize the usage of blood components
What is the primary advantage of component transfusion over whole blood transfusion?
Component transfusion is safer
What happens to the amount of plasma retained in packed red cells when additive solutions are used?
More plasma is retained
What is the primary concern in blood component preparation that can be addressed by the use of additive solutions?
Minimizing physical changes during storage
What is the primary benefit of using additive solutions in packed RBC storage?
Minimizing storage hemolysis
What is the role of additive solutions in maintaining RBC metabolism during storage?
Sustaining glucose metabolism and energy production
How do additive solutions affect ADP production during RBC storage?
Enhance ADP production
What is the consequence of decreased 2,3-DPG levels in stored red blood cells?
Increased oxygen affinity
What is the primary concern in blood component preparation that can be addressed by optimizing storage conditions?
Hemolysis and RBC degradation
What is the primary function of anticoagulants in blood collection and storage?
To prevent clotting process and maintain blood in fluid state
What happens when a blood component is transferred from one blood bag to another?
The blood component is considered an open system
What is the primary concern when a blood component is exposed to air?
Bacterial contamination
What is the purpose of using barcode systems in blood banks of other countries?
To automate blood component recording
What happens to blood components that are contaminated with bacteria?
They are discarded
Why are additive solutions used in blood storage?
To extend the storage time of blood components
What is the primary consequence of decreased ATP levels in stored red blood cells during storage?
Impaired RBC deformability
What is the primary role of adenine in additive solutions during RBC storage?
To support ATP production
What is the primary biochemical change that occurs in stored blood, leading to a decrease in pH?
Lactic acid accumulation
What is the primary consequence of decreased 2,3-DPG levels in stored red blood cells?
Decreased oxygen release
What is the primary role of additive solutions in packed RBCs during storage?
To prevent hemolysis
What is the primary mechanism by which ATP is utilized in red blood cells during storage?
For various cellular functions
What is the primary purpose of filtration in blood component manufacturing?
To ensure no contamination from one component to another
Why is it essential to follow Current Good Manufacturing Practices (CGMP) in blood manufacturing?
To ensure the safety and purity of blood products
What is the primary role of plated agitator machines in blood component storage?
To mix blood components with additive solutions
What is the primary purpose of documentation in blood manufacturing?
To record the critical steps in the blood manufacturing process
What is the primary role of storage freezers in blood component management?
To store blood components at low temperatures
What is the primary benefit of implementing robust quality control measures in blood component manufacturing?
To ensure the safety, purity, and potency of blood products
What is the primary consequence of decreased 2,3-DPG levels in stored red blood cells?
Decreased pH levels
What is the primary function of anticoagulants in blood component preparation?
To prevent clotting in stored blood components
What is the primary purpose of additive solutions in blood storage?
To maintain the quality and functionality of red blood cells
What is the primary function of centrifuge equipment in blood component manufacturing?
To separate blood components from whole blood
Introduction to blood components and their preparation for transfusion therapy, including hemotherapy and maximizing blood usage.
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