MLS 415: Introduction to Virology

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What is the average period from exposure to symptom onset in people with newly acquired HCV infection?

1-4 weeks

3-6 months

6-12 months

2-12 weeks (correct)

What is the primary function of Polyethylene Glycol in Hepatitis C treatment?

It acts as an antiviral drug

It reduces the risk of liver damage

It enhances the immune response

It serves as a vesicle/container for the interferon (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a disease associated with Chronic HCV infection?

Porphyria Cutanea Tarda

Asthma (correct)

Diabetes

Glomerulonephritis

What is the primary purpose of Liver Biopsy in Hepatitis C diagnosis?

To determine the degree of liver damage Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended course of action for people living with Hepatitis C?

Be vaccinated against Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the antiviral drug used in combination with PEGylated interferon for Hepatitis C treatment?

Ribavirin Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of testing donated blood for HBV and HCV?

To prevent transmission of Hepatitis C through blood transfusions Signup and view all the answers

What is the confirmatory test used for people with low-risk patients who test positive for anti-HCV using Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA)?

Recombinant Immunoblot Assay (RIBA) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of the incubation period of Hepatitis D?

3-7 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the genetic material of Hepatitis D?

Single-stranded, negative-sense RNA molecule Signup and view all the answers

Why is Hepatitis D considered a satellite virus?

Because it is the smallest virus known to infect animals Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of HBsAg in Hepatitis D?

It provides the structure for Hepatitis D to replicate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of replication of Hepatitis D?

Hepatocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the high-risk group for Hepatitis D infection?

People with chronic HBV Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the symptoms of Hepatitis D?

More severe than the other types of Hepatitis viruses Signup and view all the answers

What is the transmission route of Hepatitis D?

Broken skin contact with infected blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the substrate solution in the detection process?

To generate a detectable signal proportional to the target protein Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction in the detection process?

A colored precipitate or luminescent signal Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of PCR in molecular biology and genetics?

To analyze any sequence of DNA or RNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the heat-stable DNA polymerase in PCR?

To amplify specific segments of DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the PCR procedure?

Denaturation Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential outcome of a PCR reaction?

Amplification of one DNA molecule to over 1 billion Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of oligonucleotide primers in PCR?

To target specific segments of DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using Taq polymerase in PCR?

It is heat-stable Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred anticoagulant for PCR tests?

EDTA Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Polymorphprep in PCR tests?

To isolate MNs and PMNs from RBCs Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical specimen volume required for PCR tests in pediatric patients?

2 ml Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Tzanck smear?

To detect viral infections Signup and view all the answers

What is the requirement for storing and transporting bone marrow aspirate specimens?

Store at room temperature and transport at room temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target of Parvovirus B19 infection?

Children Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended way to collect tissue for viral testing?

By biopsy, placing small pieces of tissue in Viral Transport Media (VTM) or sterile Phosphate Buffer (PBS) Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT done when collecting a bone marrow aspirate specimen?

Adding the swab to the transport media Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between viruses and bacteria?

Viruses are not living organisms, while bacteria are living organisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the capsid in a virus?

To protect the viral genome Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following viruses is an example of a single-stranded RNA virus?

Picornavirus Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Baltimore classification system?

To classify viruses based on their genome structure Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of formaldehyde on viruses?

It inactivates viral infectivity Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Group IV viruses in the Baltimore classification system?

They have a single-stranded RNA genome that functions as mRNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of heat on enveloped viruses?

It rapidly inactivates viral infectivity Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the viral genome in the replication process?

To interfere with cellular processes Signup and view all the answers