مقدمة في العمارة الإسلامية في مصر

• Lecture V introduces Islamic architecture, highlighting seven examples and focusing on its evolution in Egypt.

Intro to Islamic Architecture

• Islamic architecture is a blend of various civilizations unified by Islam.
• It presents a new form of architecture to the world.
• As the Arab conquests expanded, their principles encouraged them to learn from the thinkers and scholars of the conquered lands.
• They adapted and refined these learnings, ensuring they aligned with their religious principles.
• The mosque exemplifies the flourishing of architecture, showcasing unique characteristics influenced by geography and climate.

Islamic Architecture in Egypt

• Egypt played a vital role in the development of Islamic architecture.
• The existing mosques demonstrate Egypt's contributions to advancing architecture since the Arab conquest.
• These mosques form a series representing the architectural evolution.
• Despite some early mosques being lost, remnants showcase their completeness, highlighting Egypt's distinctive architectural style.
• Egyptian architecture surpassed other styles in many aspects.
• The mosques showcase the precision of industries used in their construction and embellishments.
• Observers can't help but acknowledge the solidity and creativity of the builders.
• Egypt experienced various eras post-Arab conquest in 20 Hijri (640 AD).
• Each era brings its own circumstances, elements, and architectural styles.

The Emergence of Cities and Capitals in Egypt

• Al-Fustat was established after the conquest of Egypt in 641 AD.
• Al-'Askar was founded after the Abbasid takeover in 750 AD.
• Al-Qata'i' emerged during the Tulunid period in 878 AD.
• Al-Qahira was established after the Fatimid conquest from 969-973 AD.

Architectural Landmarks in Islamic Cairo

• Northern walls feature Bab al-Futuh (right) and Bab al-Nasr (left) alongside Jamea Al-Hakem.
• Bab al-Futuh was built in 1087.
• Structures like Bab al-Nasr, built in 1087, exemplify Islamic military architecture.

Gates and City Layout

• The image features a diagram of the city layout with notable gates or "bāb," including Bāb Kutāma, Bāb Zuwayla, Bāb al-Futūh, al-Bāb al-Qibli, and al-Bāb al-Šarqi.