Mixtures in Pharmacy
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Questions and Answers

What is the total amount of tragacanth powder needed for 10 doses according to the formula provided?

  • 1.5 gm
  • 0.3 gm
  • 0.15 gm
  • 3 gm (correct)

    • Which ingredient is necessary when preparing the mixture of slightly miscible liquids?

  • Camphor oil
  • Calcium carbonate
  • Tragacanth powder
  • Sodium benzoate (correct)

    • What occurs when spirits are diluted with water during preparation?

  • The spirits become more volatile.
  • No precipitate is formed.
  • A fine precipitate is formed. (correct)
  • The solution becomes instantly clear.

    • In the procedure for preparing slightly miscible liquids, how much volume should the final mixture be completed to?

    <p>60 ml (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done after adding creasote to the gum mucilage during its preparation?

    <p>Transfer to a cylinder containing another solution. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a simple mixture?

    <p>The solute is soluble in the vehicle. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ingredient is NOT part of the Iron Ammonium Citrate Mixture?

    <p>Magnesium sulphate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why must the label 'A (Shake the Bottle)' be used?

    <p>To promote uniform dispersion of insoluble ingredients. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of a compound mixture?

    <p>Contains insoluble or dispersed solutes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is found in the White Mixture?

    <p>Magnesium carbonate (light) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Peppermint water in the White Mixture?

    <p>To enhance flavor. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mixtures is characterized by containing insoluble diffusible solids?

    <p>Mixtures containing insoluble diffusible solids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done first when preparing the Iron Ammonium Citrate Mixture?

    <p>Dissolve iron ammonium citrate in a portion of the vehicle. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of magnesium sulphate in the described procedure?

    <p>To function as a laxative (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended concentration range for Gum Acacia Powder as a suspending agent?

    <p>6-10% w/v (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suspending agent is best used in a mucilage form to avoid lump formation?

    <p>Gum Tragacanth Powder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of using Compound Tragacanth Powder as a suspending agent?

    <p>It imparts opacity to the final mixture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if no suspending agent is ordered by the prescriber?

    <p>Select the most suitable suspending agent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of suspending agents in mixtures containing insoluble medicaments?

    <p>To keep medicaments in suspension long enough for dosing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of Compound Tragacanth Powder?

    <p>Magnesium Carbonate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ingredient is NOT mentioned as a component of the formula in the content provided?

    <p>Magnesium sulphate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Simple Mixture

    A liquid preparation containing dissolved ingredients, used for internal administration. The solute is soluble in the vehicle (large fluid component).

    Compound Mixture

    A liquid preparation containing insoluble ingredients that are dispersed in the vehicle, requiring shaking before use.

    Iron Ammonium Citrate Mixture

    Liquid preparation containing a soluble ingredient, like iron ammonium citrate, for conditions like iron deficiency.

    Mixtures containing insoluble diffusible solids

    A liquid preparation containing insoluble ingredients that readily disperse in the vehicle when shaken.

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    White Mixture

    A popular example of a mixture with insoluble diffusible solids, containing magnesium sulfate and magnesium carbonate.

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    Shake the Bottle label

    A common label found on mixtures containing insoluble diffusible solids. It reminds the user to shake the bottle before taking a dose.

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    Mixtures containing insoluble indiffusible solids

    Mixtures containing insoluble ingredients that do not diffuse easily in the vehicle, even when shaken.

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    Mixtures containing slightly miscible liquids

    A mixture containing slightly miscible liquids, where the liquids don't mix fully, resulting in two distinct layers.

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    Suspending agent

    A substance used to keep insoluble particles suspended in a liquid for longer periods, ensuring uniformity of dose.

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    Gum Acacia

    A naturally occurring gum that forms a viscous solution when mixed with water, acting as a suspending agent.

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    Gum Tragacanth

    Another gum that forms a viscous solution, commonly used as a suspending agent, often needing to be prepared as a mucilage.

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    Compound Tragacanth Powder

    A ready-made powder containing tragacanth, acacia, starch and sucrose, commonly used as a suspending agent when none are specified.

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    Mucilage

    A concentrated solution of a suspending agent (like acacia or tragacanth), commonly used in a 25% concentration.

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    Magnesium Sulfate

    A substance used as a laxative, usually administered orally to promote bowel movements.

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    Magnesium Carbonate

    A light form of carbonate magnesium used in pharmaceutical preparations, often as an antacid.

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    Suspension

    A type of mixture where one ingredient is insoluble in the liquid vehicle. Requires a suspending agent to keep the insoluble ingredient evenly dispersed.

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    Mixtures Containing Precipitate Forming Liquids

    A type of mixture where one ingredient forms a precipitate upon dilution with a solvent. Careful dilution is essential.

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    Study Notes

    Mixtures

    • Mixtures are fluid preparations for internal use.
    • Simple Mixtures: The solute dissolves in the vehicle (main liquid).
    • Compound Mixtures: The solute doesn't dissolve or is dispersed in the vehicle.
    • Mixtures are often used for short-term treatment of acute conditions (cough, indigestion, diarrhea, constipation).

    Classification of Mixtures

    • Simple Mixtures: Contain soluble ingredients. Example: Iron Ammonium Citrate Mixture (for iron deficiency).
    • Mixtures containing insoluble diffusible solids: Solids dissolve in the liquid vehicle; need to be shaken. Examples: magnesium carbonate, light kaolin, magnesium trisilicate, bismuth sulphate and bismuth carbonate.
    • Mixtures containing insoluble in-diffusible solids: Solids don't dissolve readily; require suspending agents for even distribution.
    • Mixtures containing slightly miscible liquids: The liquids mix somewhat but aren't completely soluble. Example: Creasote, Sodium benzoate, Syrup tolu, Liquid extract of liquorices, Camphor water.
    • Mixture containing precipitate forming liquids: Certain substances form a precipitate when mixed (e.g., an alcohol-based liquid in water.) The precipitate dissolves more easily in the vehicle if added in a finely divided state.

    Simple Mixtures - Procedure

    • Calculate the required weights and volumes.
    • Dissolve the iron ammonium citrate in ¼ of the vehicle volume.
    • Add the liquid ingredients to the iron ammonium citrate solution.
    • Bring the volume up to 60 mL with water.
    • Transfer to a clean, dry bottle, labeling appropriately.

    Mixtures Containing Insoluble Diffusible Solids - White Mixture Example

    • Formula: Magnesium sulphate, magnesium carbonate (light), peppermint water, and a mixture.
    • Purpose: Laxative
    • Procedure: Dissolve magnesium sulphate in about 30 mL of peppermint water. Triturate light magnesium carbonate to a smooth paste and gradually add it to the measuring cylinder with the remaining vehicle. Combine the magnesium sulphate solution and suspended magnesium carbonate. Bring the total volume to 60 mL with the mixture. Transfer to a white glass bottle, label, and include a "shake well" label.

    Mixtures Containing Insoluble In-Diffusible Solids

    • These mixtures have solids that quickly settle and don't remain evenly distributed.
    • Suspending agents are necessary to keep the solids suspended long enough.
    • The prescribed suspending agent should be used; otherwise, a suitable one should be selected.

    Suspending Agents

    • These substances keep insoluble medications suspended for a sufficient time.
    • Gum Acacia Powder: Used as a suspending agent in concentrations of 6-10% w/v. Added to mixture before the vehicle.
    • Gum Tragacanth Powder: Often forms lumps when added directly to the vehicle; better used as a mucilage. Concentration: 0.25–2.3% w/v.
    • Compound Tragacanth Powder: Contains tragacanth powder, acacia powder, starch, and sucrose. Disadvantage: imparts opacity. Concentration: 2% w/v of the mixture.
    • Mucilage of Acacia or Tragacanth: Used at 25% of the formula's final volume. Can form solid masses with insoluble solids (e.g., bismuth salts).

    Example Formula (Insoluble In-Diffusible Solids)

    • Formula: Prepared chalk, tincture of catechu, glycerin, chloroform water.
    • Purpose: Antacid
    • Procedure: Prepare the mixture as indicated in the formula.

    Mixtures Containing Slightly Miscible Liquids - Procedure

    • Calculate weights and volumes for 60 mL
    • Dissolve sodium benzoate in camphor water, and add other liquids.
    • Triturate the compound tragacanth powder (2% w/v) with camphor water. Slowly add creasote to the gum mucilage while carefully mixing.
    • Transfer the solution from step 2 to a cylinder; bring the total volume to 60 mL with camphor water.

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    Mixtures PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the concept of mixtures in pharmacy, focusing on simple and compound mixtures along with their classifications. It includes definitions and examples of various types of mixtures used for treating acute conditions. Test your knowledge on the different categories and components involved in pharmaceutical mixtures.

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