Mitral Valve Prolapse Pathophysiology

What is the role of nurses in the care of patients with structural, infectious, and inflammatory cardiac conditions?

Which valves separate the atria from the ventricles in the heart?

What anchors valve leaflets to papillary muscles of the ventricles?

What can alter cardiac output in the heart?

What do noninvasive treatments for heart disorders often consist of?

What is the result of the increased resistance through the narrowed mitral valve orifice?

What is the consequence of left atrial hypertrophy and dilation over time?

What happens when a stenotic mitral valve fails to protect pulmonary veins from backward flow of blood?

How does an increased heart rate affect cardiac output?

What happens to the right ventricle over time as a result of contracting against high pulmonary arterial pressure?

What is the condition called when valves do not close completely?

Which valve disorder may involve stretching of the valve leaflet into the atrium during systole?

What is the term for a condition where valves do not open completely?

Which valve disorders cause more symptoms, require treatment, and lead to more complications?

In what percentage of the general population does mitral valve prolapse occur?

What compensatory mechanism does the left ventricle use to overcome the obstruction caused by aortic stenosis?

What is the first symptom that often appears in patients with aortic stenosis?

What may occur over time in patients with aortic stenosis, causing orthopnea, PND, and pulmonary edema?

What causes angina pectoris in patients with aortic stenosis?

What blood pressure characteristic is usually observed in patients with aortic stenosis?

During which phase does a portion of one or both mitral valve leaflets balloon back into the atrium?

What can happen if the leaflet stretches to the point that the valve does not remain closed during systole?

What is the result of mitral regurgitation caused by mitral valve prolapse?

What may elongate or rupture in individuals with mitral valve prolapse?

What is the potential consequence of mitral valve prolapse?

What can result in acute mitral regurgitation according to the text?

Which part of the mitral valve may be stretched by heart enlargement, resulting in functional mitral regurgitation?

What changes in the left ventricle can result in mitral regurgitation?

What is referred to as ischemic mitral regurgitation according to the text?

What condition may cause retraction of leaflets or chordae tendineae according to the text?

What is the recommended course of action for patients with severe mitral stenosis?

What is the main cause of aortic regurgitation?

How does the left ventricle respond to aortic regurgitation over time?

What is the effect of aortic regurgitation on systolic blood pressure?

Which surgical intervention is typically performed for severe mitral stenosis?

What increases the heart rate in patients with severe mitral stenosis?

What happens to the left ventricle during diastole in aortic regurgitation?

What can cause chronic or acute aortic regurgitation?

What is the site where the valve leaflets meet in mitral stenosis?