Mitral Valve Prolapse Pathophysiology

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What is the role of nurses in the care of patients with structural, infectious, and inflammatory cardiac conditions?

Monitoring blood pressure

Assisting with total artificial heart implantation

Administering medication therapy (correct)

Performing valve replacement surgeries

Which valves separate the atria from the ventricles in the heart?

Mitral valve

Aortic valve

Tricuspid valve (correct)

Pulmonary valve

What anchors valve leaflets to papillary muscles of the ventricles?

Atrioventricular nodes

Sinoatrial node

Bundle of His

Chordae tendineae (correct)

What can alter cardiac output in the heart?

Infectious diseases Signup and view all the answers

What do noninvasive treatments for heart disorders often consist of?

Medication therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the increased resistance through the narrowed mitral valve orifice?

Decreased blood flow into the left ventricle Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of left atrial hypertrophy and dilation over time?

Reduced ventricular filling Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a stenotic mitral valve fails to protect pulmonary veins from backward flow of blood?

Congestion of the pulmonary circulation Signup and view all the answers

How does an increased heart rate affect cardiac output?

Decreases cardiac output Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the right ventricle over time as a result of contracting against high pulmonary arterial pressure?

It enlarges and eventually fails Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition called when valves do not close completely?

Regurgitation Signup and view all the answers

Which valve disorder may involve stretching of the valve leaflet into the atrium during systole?

Mitral valve prolapse Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a condition where valves do not open completely?

Stenosis Signup and view all the answers

Which valve disorders cause more symptoms, require treatment, and lead to more complications?

Mitral and aortic valve disorders Signup and view all the answers

In what percentage of the general population does mitral valve prolapse occur?

2.5% Signup and view all the answers

What compensatory mechanism does the left ventricle use to overcome the obstruction caused by aortic stenosis?

Contracting more slowly and more forcibly Signup and view all the answers

What is the first symptom that often appears in patients with aortic stenosis?

Dyspnea on exertion (DOE) Signup and view all the answers

What may occur over time in patients with aortic stenosis, causing orthopnea, PND, and pulmonary edema?

Left ventricular failure Signup and view all the answers

What causes angina pectoris in patients with aortic stenosis?

Increased time in diastole Signup and view all the answers

What blood pressure characteristic is usually observed in patients with aortic stenosis?

Low pulse pressure Signup and view all the answers

During which phase does a portion of one or both mitral valve leaflets balloon back into the atrium?

Systole Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if the leaflet stretches to the point that the valve does not remain closed during systole?

Mitral regurgitation Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of mitral regurgitation caused by mitral valve prolapse?

Left atrial enlargement Signup and view all the answers

What may elongate or rupture in individuals with mitral valve prolapse?

Chordae tendineae and papillary muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of mitral valve prolapse?

Heart failure Signup and view all the answers

What can result in acute mitral regurgitation according to the text?

Infective endocarditis causing leaflet scarring Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the mitral valve may be stretched by heart enlargement, resulting in functional mitral regurgitation?

Annulus Signup and view all the answers

What changes in the left ventricle can result in mitral regurgitation?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is referred to as ischemic mitral regurgitation according to the text?

Papillary muscle contractility impairment Signup and view all the answers

What condition may cause retraction of leaflets or chordae tendineae according to the text?

Infective endocarditis Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended course of action for patients with severe mitral stenosis?

Undergo surgical intervention such as valvuloplasty Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of aortic regurgitation?

Congenital valve abnormality or inflammation Signup and view all the answers

How does the left ventricle respond to aortic regurgitation over time?

It dilates to accommodate increased blood volume Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of aortic regurgitation on systolic blood pressure?

It increases due to hypertrophy of the left ventricle Signup and view all the answers

Which surgical intervention is typically performed for severe mitral stenosis?

Commissurotomy to open the fused commissure of the valve Signup and view all the answers

What increases the heart rate in patients with severe mitral stenosis?

Competitive sports Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the left ventricle during diastole in aortic regurgitation?

Blood flows back into the left ventricle from the aorta Signup and view all the answers

What can cause chronic or acute aortic regurgitation?

Rheumatic endocarditis or syphilis infections Signup and view all the answers

What is the site where the valve leaflets meet in mitral stenosis?

Fused commissure of the valve Signup and view all the answers