Mitral Stenosis Overview

Mitral Stenosis

• Definition: Mitral stenosis is a heart valve disorder characterized by narrowing of the mitral valve opening, impeding blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle.

• Causes:

  • Rheumatic fever (most common cause)
  • Congenital heart defects
  • Age-related calcification
  • Other rare conditions (e.g., tumors)

• Symptoms:

  • Shortness of breath (especially with exertion)
  • Fatigue
  • Palpitations (due to atrial fibrillation)
  • Chest pain
  • Swelling in legs or feet

• Diagnosis:

  • Physical examination (murmur during auscultation)
  • Echocardiogram (key diagnostic tool)
  • Chest X-ray (may show left atrial enlargement)
  • Electrocardiogram (ECG) (to assess rhythm and heart function)

• Complications:

  • Atrial fibrillation
  • Pulmonary hypertension
  • Heart failure
  • Thromboembolism (increased risk for stroke)

• Treatment Options:

  • Medications: Diuretics, beta-blockers, anticoagulants
  • Procedures:
    • Balloon valvuloplasty (minimally invasive)
    • Mitral valve replacement (surgical intervention)

• Prognosis:

  • Varies based on severity and treatment
  • Early detection and management can improve outcomes significantly.

Mitral Stenosis

• Mitral stenosis is a heart valve disorder.
• The mitral valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle.
• The disorder obstructs blood flow between these chambers.
• The primary cause of mitral stenosis is rheumatic fever.
• Other causes include congenital heart defects and age-related calcification.
• Common symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, and palpitations.
• Diagnosis is confirmed through echocardiogram.
• Chest X-ray and electrocardiogram are used to assess heart function and rhythm.
• Complications include atrial fibrillation, pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, and thromboembolism.
• Treatment involves medications like diuretics and beta-blockers.
• Procedural options include balloon valvuloplasty and mitral valve replacement.
• Prognosis depends on the severity of the condition and the effectiveness of treatment.
• Early detection and management lead to improved outcomes.