Mitosis Quiz Flashcards

Questions and Answers

The division of a cell's cytoplasm is called?

cytokinesis

The final phase of mitosis is?

telophase

The phase of mitosis in which microtubules connect the centromere of each chromosome to the poles of the spindle is?

metaphase

At the beginning of cell division, each chromosome consists of two sister?

chromatids Signup and view all the answers

The longest phase of mitosis is?

prophase Signup and view all the answers

The phase of mitosis that ends when chromosomes stop moving is?

anaphase Signup and view all the answers

The process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells is called?

cell division Signup and view all the answers

A tiny structure located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope is a?

centriole Signup and view all the answers

A disorder in which some of the body's cells lose their ability to control growth is called?

cancer Signup and view all the answers

The area where a pair of chromatids is attached is the?

centromere Signup and view all the answers

The division of the cell's nucleus is called?

mitosis Signup and view all the answers

A protein that regulates the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells is a?

cyclin Signup and view all the answers

The series of events cells go through as they grow and divide is known as the?

cell cycle Signup and view all the answers

A fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes is a?

spindle Signup and view all the answers

The time period between cell divisions is called?

interphase Signup and view all the answers

What are eukaryotic chromosomes composed of?

chromatins Signup and view all the answers

What are chromatins?

DNA and protein Signup and view all the answers

What are the stages in Interphase?

G1, S, G2 Signup and view all the answers

What does the G1 stage consist of?

growth, increase in cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What does the S stage consist of?

duplication of chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What does the G2 stage consist of?

growth, preparation for division Signup and view all the answers

Describe Interphase

<ul> <li>cytoplasmic contents double, - two centromeres form, - chromosomes duplicate, - nucleoli are visible</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

Describe Prophase

<ul> <li>microtubules begin to emerge, - chromosomes coil, - nucleoli disappear, - longest stage</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

Describe Metaphase

<ul> <li>spindle is fully formed, - chromosomes align at the center, - kinetochores are facing opposite poles</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

Describe Anaphase

<ul> <li>sister chromatids separate, - daughter chromosomes move to opposite poles, - cell elongates</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

Describe Telophase

<ul> <li>cell continues to elongate, - the nuclear envelope forms, - chromatin uncoils, - nucleoli reappear, - spindle disappears</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

Describe Cytokinesis

<ul> <li>cytoplasm is divided, - cleavage furrow in animal cells, - cell plate in plants</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What factors control cell division?

<ul> <li>presence of essential nutrients, - growth factors, - anchorage and density dependence</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cell cycle control system?

a set of molecules that trigger and coordinate events of the cell cycle Signup and view all the answers

What are cancer cells?

divide too rapidly because of an absence of growth factors Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of tumors?

benign and malignant Signup and view all the answers

What are cancer treatments?

surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mitosis Overview

Cell division includes cytokinesis, the division of the cytoplasm.
Mitosis involves several phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Phases of Mitosis

Prophase: Longest phase; chromosomes coil, microtubules emerge, nucleoli disappear.
Metaphase: Spindle is fully formed; chromosomes align at the center; kinetochores face opposite poles.
Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate; daughter chromosomes move to opposite poles; cell elongates.
Telophase: Nuclear envelope reforms; chromatin uncoils; nucleoli reappear; spindle disappears.

Key Structures and Terms

Centromere: Area where a pair of chromatids is attached.
Chromatids: Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids at the beginning of division.
Spindle: Fanlike microtubule structure aiding in chromosome separation.
Centriole: Tiny structure near the nuclear envelope, plays a role in mitosis.

Cell Cycle

Cell Cycle: Series of events through which cells grow and divide.
Interphase: Time between divisions including G1 (growth), S (duplication of chromosomes), and G2 (preparation for division).
Cyclins: Proteins regulating the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells.

Cancer and Cell Division Regulation

Cancer: Disorder characterized by uncontrolled cell growth; cells divide rapidly due to lack of growth factors.
Tumor Types: Benign (not harmful) and malignant (cancerous).
Cell Division Control Factors: Essential nutrients, growth factors, anchorage, and density dependence.

Cytokinesis

Division of cytoplasm at the end of mitosis: cleavage furrow in animal cells and cell plate in plants.

Cancer Treatments

Primary treatments: surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.

Chromatin Composition

Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of chromatin, which is composed of DNA and protein.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the process of mitosis with these flashcards. Each card presents key terms and definitions related to cell division, including phases and components. Perfect for students studying biology or preparing for exams.