Cell Division - Mitosis Notes

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason for cell division in living organisms?

To increase the size of each cell

To allow cells to store more nutrients

To enable growth by producing more cells (correct)

To facilitate the aging process

What is the role of DNA during cell division?

To eliminate waste products

To replicate itself for distribution to daughter cells (correct)

To create energy for cell activities

To control the size of the cells

What structure forms when chromatin coils up and duplicates itself?

Centromeres

Chromosomes (correct)

Chromatids

Nucleotides

In which type of reproduction do unicellular organisms primarily engage through cell division?

Asexual reproduction Signup and view all the answers

What happens to sister chromatids during cell division?

They separate and move to different daughter cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of mitosis in somatic cells?

To divide the nucleus into two nuclei with the same chromosome number Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Interphase Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes do human somatic cells typically contain?

46 chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the chromosome number in somatic cells of any organism?

They are uniform across all somatic cells in the organism Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about a fruit fly's chromosomes is correct?

A fruit fly has 8 chromosomes in its body cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of the phases of mitosis?

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase Signup and view all the answers

During which phase do spindle fibers connect to chromosomes?

Metaphase Signup and view all the answers

What describes the difference between benign and malignant tumors?

Benign tumors do not spread; malignant tumors can invade healthy tissue. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during Telophase?

Nuclear envelopes form and chromosomes uncoil. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cytokinesis?

To divide the cytoplasm and organelles. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to chromosomes during Anaphase?

They divide and are pulled to opposite poles. Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the presence of a cell plate during cytokinesis?

The cell is a plant cell. Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of the cell cycle follows mitosis and cytokinesis?

Interphase Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic defines cells that have experienced DNA mutations leading to uncontrolled division?

They can form masses called tumors. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of cancer as a disease?

It consists of over 100 different types. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Division Overview

Cell division produces two new cells (daughter cells) from one original cell (parent cell).
Necessary for growth, tissue repair, and nutrient management within cells.

Importance of Cell Division

Organisms grow by increasing cell number, not cell size.
Cell division repairs damaged tissues effectively.
Large cells struggle with nutrient intake and waste removal.

DNA and Chromosomes

DNA, located in the nucleus, controls all cellular activities, including division.
In non-dividing cells, DNA is in the form of chromatin; during division, it condenses into chromosomes.
Chromosomes consist of two identical sister chromatids connected at a centromere.

Chromosome Numbers

Each species has a specific chromosome count:
- Humans: 46 chromosomes (23 pairs)
- Dogs: 78 chromosomes (39 pairs)
- Goldfish: 94 chromosomes (47 pairs)
- Lettuce: 18 chromosomes (9 pairs)
Somatic cells (body cells) maintain a stable chromosome number.

Cell Cycle Phases

Comprises interphase (growth and replication), mitosis (nuclear division), and cytokinesis (cell division).

Interphase

Cells grow, replicate DNA, and organize organelles during this phase.
Interphase accounts for most of the cell's lifecycle.

Mitosis Phases (PMAT)

Prophase: Chromosomes coil, the nuclear envelope disappears, spindle fibers form.
Metaphase: Chromosomes align in the cell's middle; spindle fibers attach to each chromosome.
Anaphase: Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.
Telophase: Chromosomes uncoil, nuclear envelopes reform, and two new nuclei develop.

Cytokinesis

Divides the cytoplasm and organelles after mitosis.
In animal cells, the cytoplasm pinches in; in plant cells, a cell plate forms.

Cell Division Control

DNA regulates the cell cycle and division process.
Damaged DNA can lead to uncontrolled cell division, resulting in tumors.

Tumors

Benign tumors: Non-cancerous, do not spread.
Malignant tumors: Cancerous and can invade other tissues (metastasis).

Cancer

Represents a collection of over 100 diseases with various types and characteristics.

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Description

Explore the essential process of cell division, specifically mitosis, in this quiz. You'll learn why cells divide, the role of parent and daughter cells, and the importance of this process in growth and tissue repair. Test your knowledge on the key concepts of mitosis!