Mitosis in Eukaryotic Cells Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of mitosis in eukaryotic cells?

  • DNA repair
  • Protein synthesis
  • Cell division (correct)
  • Energy production

What occurs during interphase?

  • Chromosome separation
  • Cell division
  • DNA replication (correct)
  • DNA condensation

How do animal cells achieve cytokinesis?

  • Expansion of the cell membrane
  • Contracting and pinching off (correct)
  • Formation of a cell plate
  • Reforming the nuclear envelope

What happens during prophase?

<p>Nuclear envelope dissolves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is checked during metaphase to ensure proper cell division?

<p>Attachment of spindles to kinetochores (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence of mitosis stages?

<p>Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the stomach in the digestive process?

<p>Chemical breakdown of food (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the digestive system is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption?

<p>Small intestine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of lacteals in the digestive system?

<p>Absorb lipids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down fats into fatty acids and glycerol?

<p>Lipase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate length of the large intestine?

<p>1.5 meters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the gall bladder in the digestive system?

<p>Stores additional bile (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure increases the surface area in the small intestine for nutrient absorption?

<p>Villi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of protease in the digestive system?

<p>Breaks down proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly defines prokaryotic cells?

<p>They are unicellular organisms without membrane-bound organelles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the flagellum in prokaryotic cells?

<p>To facilitate movement by spinning. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organelles is responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells?

<p>Mitochondria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

<p>To process and package lipids and proteins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure helps prevent prokaryotic cells from drying out?

<p>Capsule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the DNA found in prokaryotic cells?

<p>It is circular and located in the cytoplasm. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is unique to plant cells compared to animal cells?

<p>Chloroplast (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?

<p>To synthesize proteins. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the flagellum in prokaryotic cells?

<p>To facilitate movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to $CO_2$ during gas exchange in the lungs?

<p>$CO_2$ moves from the blood into the lungs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle group is responsible for moving the ribs to aid in inhalation?

<p>Intercostal muscles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During exhalation, what happens to the volume of the lungs?

<p>It decreases, pushing air out (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main site of gas exchange in the respiratory system?

<p>Alveoli (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is a high surface area to volume ratio important for gas exchange?

<p>It facilitates more efficient diffusion of gases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the diaphragm play in the respiratory system?

<p>Contracts to create negative pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for filtering and moistening the air entering the respiratory system?

<p>Nasal Cavity and Oral Cavity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Mitosis

The process of dividing somatic cells into two identical daughter cells.

Interphase

The phase where cells prepare for division, including DNA replication.

Cytokinesis

The final stage of mitosis, separating the two daughter cells.

Prophase

First stage of mitosis, DNA condenses, nuclear envelope breaks down.

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Metaphase

Chromosomes align in the center of the cell, spindle fibers attached.

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Anaphase

Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.

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Telophase

Final stage of mitosis; cells start forming into two, DNA starts uncoiling.

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Sister chromatids

Identical copies of a chromosome, joined at the centromere.

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What does salivary glands produce?

Salivary glands produce enzymes, water, and mucus to help in food digestion. Enzymes break down food, water helps lubricate, and mucus aids in swallowing.

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What's the function of the esophagus?

It connects the mouth to the stomach. The esophagus squeezes food down using skeletal and smooth muscle contractions.

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What's the main role of the stomach?

The stomach breaks down food using its muscular contractions, low pH (acidic environment), and enzymes. This process prepares food for further absorption.

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Where are nutrients absorbed in the digestive system?

Small intestine is the primary site of nutrient absorption. Villi and microvilli increase surface area and efficiency for absorption.

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What is the role of bile?

Bile is produced by the liver and helps break down fats and neutralize stomach acid in the small intestine.

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What does pancreatic enzymes do?

The pancreas produces enzymes and secretes them into the small intestine to further break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

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Why is the large intestine important?

The large intestine, also known as the colon, absorbs water, salts, and vitamins, and removes excess waste from the body.

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What are villi?

Villi are finger-like projections in the small intestines lining. They increase the surface area for efficient nutrient absorption and secretion of enzymes.

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Prokaryotic Cell

A type of cell that lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. They are typically unicellular organisms.

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Eukaryotic Cell

A type of cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. They can be unicellular or multicellular organisms.

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Cell Membrane

A thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells. It controls what enters and exits the cell.

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Nucleus

The control center of the eukaryotic cell. It contains the cell's genetic material (DNA).

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Mitochondria

The powerhouse of the cell. It converts food into energy (ATP) that the cell can use.

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Chloroplast

The site of photosynthesis in plant cells. It converts sunlight into chemical energy (glucose).

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Ribosomes

Tiny structures that build proteins. They are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

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Cell Wall

A rigid outer layer that provides support and protection for plant and prokaryotic cells.

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Flagellum

A whip-like structure used for movement by spinning in a corkscrew motion.

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Capsule

A protective layer surrounding the cell wall, helping prevent dehydration.

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Circular DNA

The genetic material of prokaryotes, a single, circular molecule.

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Gas Exchange

The process of moving oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out of the blood in the lungs.

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Inhalation

The process of breathing in, where air enters the lungs.

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Exhalation

The process of breathing out, where air leaves the lungs.

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