Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of mitosis in somatic cells?
To produce two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
During which stage of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell?
Anaphase
What is the term for the process by which each new chromosome is composed of one old strand and one new strand during chromosome replication?
Semi-conservative replication
Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by cell growth, DNA replication, and preparation for cell division?
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What is the function of the G2 phase of the cell cycle?
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What ensures that each stage of the cell cycle is completed correctly before moving on to the next one?
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During which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes line up at the center of the cell, attached to spindle fibers?
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What is the final stage of the cell cycle, during which the cytoplasm divides and the cell splits into two daughter cells?
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Study Notes
Cell Division
Mitosis
- Also known as equational division
- Results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
- Occurs in somatic cells (non-reproductive cells)
- Consists of several stages:
- Prophase: Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, nuclear envelope breaks down, and spindle fibers form
- Metaphase: Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell, attached to spindle fibers
- Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell
- Telophase: Nuclear envelope reforms, and chromosomes uncoil to form chromatin
- Cytokinesis: Cytoplasm divides, and cell splits into two daughter cells
Chromosome Replication
- Occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle
- Each chromosome is replicated, resulting in two identical sister chromatids
- Sister chromatids are held together at the centromere
- Replication is semi-conservative, meaning each new chromosome is composed of one old strand and one new strand
Cell Cycle
- The sequence of events that occurs in a cell from one cell division to the next
- Consists of three main stages:
-
Interphase: Cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for cell division
- G1 phase (Gap 1): Cell grows and prepares for DNA replication
- S phase (Synthesis): DNA replication occurs
- G2 phase (Gap 2): Cell prepares for cell division
- Mitosis: Cell divides into two daughter cells
- Cytokinesis: Cytoplasm divides, and cell splits into two daughter cells
-
Interphase: Cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for cell division
- The cell cycle is regulated by checkpoints to ensure that each stage is completed correctly before moving on to the next one
Cell Division
Mitosis
- Also known as equational division, resulting in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
- Occurs in somatic cells (non-reproductive cells)
- Consists of five stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis
- Prophase: chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, nuclear envelope breaks down, and spindle fibers form
- Metaphase: chromosomes line up at the center of the cell, attached to spindle fibers
- Anaphase: sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell
- Telophase: nuclear envelope reforms, and chromosomes uncoil to form chromatin
- Cytokinesis: cytoplasm divides, and cell splits into two daughter cells
Chromosome Replication
- Occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle
- Each chromosome is replicated, resulting in two identical sister chromatids
- Sister chromatids are held together at the centromere
- Replication is semi-conservative, meaning each new chromosome is composed of one old strand and one new strand
Cell Cycle
- The sequence of events that occurs in a cell from one cell division to the next
- Consists of three main stages: interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis
- Interphase: cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for cell division
- G1 phase: cell grows and prepares for DNA replication
- S phase: DNA replication occurs
- G2 phase: cell prepares for cell division
- Mitosis: cell divides into two daughter cells
- Cytokinesis: cytoplasm divides, and cell splits into two daughter cells
- The cell cycle is regulated by checkpoints to ensure that each stage is completed correctly before moving on to the next one
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Description
Learn the stages of mitosis, including prophase, metaphase, and anaphase, and how it results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
