40 Questions
What is the name of the system that provides standard units of length in biology?
International System of Units (SI)
Who contributed to the discovery of the structure of DNA, but is often overlooked in the credit?
Rosalind Franklin
What is the term used to describe the complete set of genetic material in an organism?
Genome
What is the function of chromosomes in genetic inheritance?
To store genetic information
What is the name of the molecule that carries genetic information from one generation to the next?
DNA
What is the primary function of histone proteins in chromatin packaging?
To compact DNA into nucleosomes, forming a 'beads on a string' structure
What is the term for a multinucleated cell generated from multiple nuclear divisions without cytokinesis?
Coenocyte
During which phase of the cell cycle is the cellular genome replicated?
S phase
During mitosis, what is the result of cytokinesis in relation to the cytoplasm?
The cytoplasm is divided equally between the two daughter cells
What is the term for the process by which the replicated DNA is divided equally and correctly between the newly formed daughter nuclei?
Mitotic nuclear division
What is the term for the process of DNA duplication and chromosome condensation?
Chromosome duplication
What is the term for the state of a cell that is not dividing?
G0 phase
What is the primary consequence of errors occurring during DNA replication?
Mutations in the daughter cells
What is the term for the duplication of genomic DNA before mitosis can take place?
Replication
What is the term for the structure formed by the coiling of DNA around histone proteins?
Nucleosome
Who deciphered the genetic code by translating information encoded within nucleic acids into amino acid sequences that comprise protein molecules?
Marshall Nirenberg
What was the significance of the work done by Paul Berg, Herbert Boyer, and Stanley Cohen in 1973?
They performed the first genetic engineering experiments.
What is the approximate size of the human genome in terms of base pairs?
3.1 Gb
What is the name of the genome editing technology developed by Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier in 2012?
CRISPR-Cas9
What is the term used to describe the process of transcribing genetic information from DNA into messenger RNA?
Transcription
What is the organization of DNA in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell?
A single double-stranded DNA molecule is tightly coiled around spaced nucleosomes.
What is the result of DNA replication prior to cell division?
Each chromosome consists of two duplicate chromosome arms.
What is the structure formed by the coiling of DNA around histone proteins?
Nucleosome
What is the number of chromosomes in somatic cells and gametes?
Somatic cells have a diploid number and gametes have a haploid number.
What is the term for the relaxed state of DNA in the nucleus when cells are not actively dividing?
Open chromatin
What is the primary mechanism by which genetic diversity is generated during meiosis?
Independent assortment of chromosomes into gametes
What process during meiosis leads to the exchange of genetic information between non-sister chromatids?
Crossing-over
During which stage of meiosis do chromosomes arrange themselves, determining which chromosomes are packaged in gametes?
Metaphase I
What is NOT a process that generates genetic diversity during meiosis?
DNA replication
What is the term for the exchange of genetic information between non-sister chromatids during meiosis?
Crossing-over
What is the term used to describe a pair of homologous chromosomes, consisting of one maternal and one paternal chromatid?
Nonsister chromatids
During which stage of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate into 2 daughter cells?
Meiosis I
What is the result of the replication of genome during Meiosis I?
Tetrad formation
What is the number of individual phases in Meiosis I?
4
What is the final stage of Meiosis I that is followed by cytokinesis?
Telophase I
What is the stage of meiosis where sister chromatids separate?
Anaphase II
What is the term used to describe the process of meiosis in vertebrates, including mammals?
Meiosis in vertebrates
What is the result of Meiosis II?
Formation of haploid daughter cells
How many stages are there in Meiosis?
8
What is the stage of Meiosis I where chromatin condenses?
Prophase I
Learn about the process of mitosis, from chromosome condensation to cytokinesis, and how it results in genetically identical daughter cells. Understand the role of sister chromatids and the potential for errors or mutations.
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