Mitosis: Chromosomes and Sister Chromatids

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What is the name of the system that provides standard units of length in biology?

Biological Units System

Length Conversion System

Metric System

International System of Units (SI) (correct)

Who contributed to the discovery of the structure of DNA, but is often overlooked in the credit?

Rosalind Franklin (correct)

James Watson

Francis Crick

Urry L

What is the term used to describe the complete set of genetic material in an organism?

Genome (correct)

Gene

Chromosome

Nucleus

What is the function of chromosomes in genetic inheritance?

To store genetic information Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the molecule that carries genetic information from one generation to the next?

DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of histone proteins in chromatin packaging?

To compact DNA into nucleosomes, forming a 'beads on a string' structure Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a multinucleated cell generated from multiple nuclear divisions without cytokinesis?

Coenocyte Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle is the cellular genome replicated?

S phase Signup and view all the answers

During mitosis, what is the result of cytokinesis in relation to the cytoplasm?

The cytoplasm is divided equally between the two daughter cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the replicated DNA is divided equally and correctly between the newly formed daughter nuclei?

Mitotic nuclear division Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of DNA duplication and chromosome condensation?

Chromosome duplication Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the state of a cell that is not dividing?

G0 phase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of errors occurring during DNA replication?

Mutations in the daughter cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the duplication of genomic DNA before mitosis can take place?

Replication Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the structure formed by the coiling of DNA around histone proteins?

Nucleosome Signup and view all the answers

Who deciphered the genetic code by translating information encoded within nucleic acids into amino acid sequences that comprise protein molecules?

Marshall Nirenberg Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the work done by Paul Berg, Herbert Boyer, and Stanley Cohen in 1973?

They performed the first genetic engineering experiments. Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate size of the human genome in terms of base pairs?

3.1 Gb Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the genome editing technology developed by Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier in 2012?

CRISPR-Cas9 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the process of transcribing genetic information from DNA into messenger RNA?

Transcription Signup and view all the answers

What is the organization of DNA in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell?

A single double-stranded DNA molecule is tightly coiled around spaced nucleosomes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of DNA replication prior to cell division?

Each chromosome consists of two duplicate chromosome arms. Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure formed by the coiling of DNA around histone proteins?

Nucleosome Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of chromosomes in somatic cells and gametes?

Somatic cells have a diploid number and gametes have a haploid number. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the relaxed state of DNA in the nucleus when cells are not actively dividing?

Open chromatin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which genetic diversity is generated during meiosis?

Independent assortment of chromosomes into gametes Signup and view all the answers

What process during meiosis leads to the exchange of genetic information between non-sister chromatids?

Crossing-over Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of meiosis do chromosomes arrange themselves, determining which chromosomes are packaged in gametes?

Metaphase I Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a process that generates genetic diversity during meiosis?

DNA replication Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the exchange of genetic information between non-sister chromatids during meiosis?

Crossing-over Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a pair of homologous chromosomes, consisting of one maternal and one paternal chromatid?

Nonsister chromatids Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate into 2 daughter cells?

Meiosis I Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the replication of genome during Meiosis I?

Tetrad formation Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of individual phases in Meiosis I?

4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the final stage of Meiosis I that is followed by cytokinesis?

Telophase I Signup and view all the answers

What is the stage of meiosis where sister chromatids separate?

Anaphase II Signup and view all the answers