Mitosis: Chromosomes and Sister Chromatids
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Questions and Answers

What is the name of the system that provides standard units of length in biology?

  • Biological Units System
  • Length Conversion System
  • Metric System
  • International System of Units (SI) (correct)
  • Who contributed to the discovery of the structure of DNA, but is often overlooked in the credit?

  • Rosalind Franklin (correct)
  • James Watson
  • Francis Crick
  • Urry L
  • What is the term used to describe the complete set of genetic material in an organism?

  • Genome (correct)
  • Gene
  • Chromosome
  • Nucleus
  • What is the function of chromosomes in genetic inheritance?

    <p>To store genetic information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the molecule that carries genetic information from one generation to the next?

    <p>DNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of histone proteins in chromatin packaging?

    <p>To compact DNA into nucleosomes, forming a 'beads on a string' structure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a multinucleated cell generated from multiple nuclear divisions without cytokinesis?

    <p>Coenocyte (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle is the cellular genome replicated?

    <p>S phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During mitosis, what is the result of cytokinesis in relation to the cytoplasm?

    <p>The cytoplasm is divided equally between the two daughter cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which the replicated DNA is divided equally and correctly between the newly formed daughter nuclei?

    <p>Mitotic nuclear division (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of DNA duplication and chromosome condensation?

    <p>Chromosome duplication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the state of a cell that is not dividing?

    <p>G0 phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of errors occurring during DNA replication?

    <p>Mutations in the daughter cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the duplication of genomic DNA before mitosis can take place?

    <p>Replication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the structure formed by the coiling of DNA around histone proteins?

    <p>Nucleosome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who deciphered the genetic code by translating information encoded within nucleic acids into amino acid sequences that comprise protein molecules?

    <p>Marshall Nirenberg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the work done by Paul Berg, Herbert Boyer, and Stanley Cohen in 1973?

    <p>They performed the first genetic engineering experiments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate size of the human genome in terms of base pairs?

    <p>3.1 Gb (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the genome editing technology developed by Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier in 2012?

    <p>CRISPR-Cas9 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process of transcribing genetic information from DNA into messenger RNA?

    <p>Transcription (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the organization of DNA in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell?

    <p>A single double-stranded DNA molecule is tightly coiled around spaced nucleosomes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of DNA replication prior to cell division?

    <p>Each chromosome consists of two duplicate chromosome arms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure formed by the coiling of DNA around histone proteins?

    <p>Nucleosome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of chromosomes in somatic cells and gametes?

    <p>Somatic cells have a diploid number and gametes have a haploid number. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the relaxed state of DNA in the nucleus when cells are not actively dividing?

    <p>Open chromatin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which genetic diversity is generated during meiosis?

    <p>Independent assortment of chromosomes into gametes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process during meiosis leads to the exchange of genetic information between non-sister chromatids?

    <p>Crossing-over (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of meiosis do chromosomes arrange themselves, determining which chromosomes are packaged in gametes?

    <p>Metaphase I (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a process that generates genetic diversity during meiosis?

    <p>DNA replication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the exchange of genetic information between non-sister chromatids during meiosis?

    <p>Crossing-over (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a pair of homologous chromosomes, consisting of one maternal and one paternal chromatid?

    <p>Nonsister chromatids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate into 2 daughter cells?

    <p>Meiosis I (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the replication of genome during Meiosis I?

    <p>Tetrad formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of individual phases in Meiosis I?

    <p>4 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final stage of Meiosis I that is followed by cytokinesis?

    <p>Telophase I (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of meiosis where sister chromatids separate?

    <p>Anaphase II (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process of meiosis in vertebrates, including mammals?

    <p>Meiosis in vertebrates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of Meiosis II?

    <p>Formation of haploid daughter cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many stages are there in Meiosis?

    <p>8 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of Meiosis I where chromatin condenses?

    <p>Prophase I (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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