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Questions and Answers
Which of these terms describes the process of separating DNA from a sample?
Which of these terms describes the process of separating DNA from a sample?
What type of chemical is a DNA molecule classified as?
What type of chemical is a DNA molecule classified as?
Which of the following is NOT a type of drug used to reduce the risk of blood clots?
Which of the following is NOT a type of drug used to reduce the risk of blood clots?
The term "alleles" refers to:
The term "alleles" refers to:
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Which of these scenarios would be considered an example of discontinuous variation?
Which of these scenarios would be considered an example of discontinuous variation?
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Which of the following correctly describes the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?
Which of the following correctly describes the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?
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What is the key difference between mitosis and meiosis?
What is the key difference between mitosis and meiosis?
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Which of these describes a key characteristic of a malignant tumor?
Which of these describes a key characteristic of a malignant tumor?
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What is the primary function of the phloem in a plant?
What is the primary function of the phloem in a plant?
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Which of the following is NOT a defining characteristic of a specialized cell?
Which of the following is NOT a defining characteristic of a specialized cell?
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Which of the following statements BEST describes the relationship between a gene and a protein?
Which of the following statements BEST describes the relationship between a gene and a protein?
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How do adult stem cells differ from embryonic stem cells?
How do adult stem cells differ from embryonic stem cells?
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What is the significance of the immune rejection phenomenon in the context of organ transplantation?
What is the significance of the immune rejection phenomenon in the context of organ transplantation?
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Flashcards
Cell cycle
Cell cycle
The process by which cells divide through specific phases.
Mitosis
Mitosis
Cell division producing two genetically identical daughter cells.
Chromosome
Chromosome
Tightly coiled strands of DNA that carry genetic material.
Meiosis
Meiosis
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Gene
Gene
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Phenotype
Phenotype
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Benign tumor
Benign tumor
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Mutation
Mutation
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DNA
DNA
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Nucleotide
Nucleotide
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Alleles
Alleles
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Codominant
Codominant
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Punnet Square
Punnet Square
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Study Notes
Cell Biology & Genetics
- Cell Cycle: A series of phases involved in cell division.
- Mitosis: Cell division resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells.
- Nucleus: Contains DNA, controls cellular activities.
- Chromosomes: Tightly coiled DNA strands carrying genetic material.
- Growth: Increase in the number of cells.
- Specialised Cell: Differentiated cell with a specific function and adaptations.
- Meristem: Unspecialised plant cells that differentiate into other plant cells.
- Shoot: Region of new plant growth above ground.
- Root: Region of new plant growth below ground.
- Xylem: Transports water upwards in plants.
- Phloem: Transports sugars throughout plants.
- Embryonic Stem Cell: From embryos, can differentiate into any specialised cell.
- Adult Stem Cell: In specific body regions, can differentiate into limited related cell types.
- Immune Rejection: Immune system attacking non-self cells (e.g., transplants).
- Ethical: Relating to rightness or wrongness of an action and its consequences.
Genetics & Inheritance
- Gametes: Sex cells with half the number of chromosomes.
- Haploid: Cell with half the normal number of chromosomes.
- Diploid: Cell with the full number of chromosomes.
- Meiosis: Cell division forming gametes.
- Mutation: Changes in DNA nucleotide sequence, causing mutated genes.
- Genes: DNA segments coding for specific characteristics or proteins.
- Tumour: Mass of cells from uncontrolled cell division.
- Benign: Non-cancerous, contained tumour.
- Malignant: Cancerous, spreading tumour.
- Genome: All an organism's DNA.
- Protein: Chemicals with structures coded by genes.
- Phenotype: Observable characteristics of an organism.
- Enzyme: Functional protein that speeds up chemical reactions.
- mRNA: Gene copy, transported from nucleus to ribosomes.
- Amino Acid: Small chemical units forming protein polymers.
- DNA: Nucleic acid polymer with the genetic code.
- Nucleic Acid: Polymer made of nucleotides.
- Nucleotide: Building blocks of DNA (four types: C, G, A, T).
- Base: Part of nucleotide, pairing with its complement in DNA.
- Polymer: Large molecule made from repeating smaller units.
- Extracting Liquid: Solution used to extract DNA.
- Alleles: Different forms of a gene.
- Zygote: Fertilised egg cell.
- Punnett Square: Tool for illustrating inheritance possibilities (possible genotypes).
- Codominant: Both alleles affect phenotype.
- Melanin: Protein producing darker hair, eye, and skin colour.
Drugs & Variation
- Clopidogrel: Drug preventing blood clots.
- Simvastatin: Drug reducing high blood cholesterol.
- Warfarin: Drug for reducing blood clot risk.
- Discontinuous Variation: Data with limited values.
- Continuous Variation: Data with any value within a range.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts in cell biology and genetics, covering topics such as the cell cycle, mitosis, and various types of cells. This quiz will help you understand the essential processes and structures involved in cell division and plant growth.
