Mitosis: Cell Division and Its Stages

Mitosis: The Process of Cell Division

Mitosis is a type of cell division that leads to two genetically identical daughter cells. It occurs in somatic cells, which are all the body's cells except sperm and egg cells. This process allows for growth, repair, and tissue regeneration. Here's how mitosis works:

Stages of Mitosis

The stages of mitosis can be divided into two main parts: prophase and metaphase, followed by anaphase and telophase. Each stage is characterized by specific events occurring within the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cell:

Prophase

During this phase, chromatin condenses into discrete chromosomes, spindle fibers begin to form, and the nuclear envelope starts to break down.

Metaphase

Chromosomes align along the metaphase plate, an imaginary line equidistant from the cell poles. Spindle fibers attach to the kinetochores, proteins located on centromeres, ensuring proper alignment and separation during cell division.

Anaphase

Sister chromatids separate, pulled apart by spindle fibers. One copy moves towards one pole while the other proceeds towards the opposite pole.

Telophase

New nuclear envelopes are formed around each set of separated chromosomes. Chromatin decondenses, and the spindle fibers disassemble.

Cytokinesis

After both sets of chromosomes have reached their respective poles, there's a slight pause before the formation of new plasma membrane between the dividing cells begins.

Importance of Mitosis

Mitosis plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and promoting tissue repair. In multicellular organisms, it ensures that the number of specialized cells remains constant while allowing for continuous renewal of terminally differentiated cells. Additionally, mitotic abnormalities can lead to cancerous growths.