Mitochondrion and Chloroplasts: Structure and Functions

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Questions and Answers

What organelle uses solar energy to synthesize carbohydrates through photosynthesis?

  • Mitochondria
  • Ribosomes
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum
  • Chloroplasts (correct)

Which organelle has similarities with bacteria, including being enveloped by a double membrane and containing circular DNA molecules?

  • Endoplasmic Reticulum
  • Nucleus
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Mitochondria (correct)

What is the main function of the cytoskeleton in a cell?

  • Storing genetic material
  • Synthesizing carbohydrates
  • Regulating cell division
  • Maintaining cell shape and organizing structures (correct)

Which component of the cytoskeleton extends from the nucleus to the plasma membrane?

<p>Microtubules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What theory suggests that an early ancestor of eukaryotes engulfed an oxygen-using nonphotosynthetic prokaryotic cell?

<p>Endosymbiont theory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for fastening cells together into strong sheets in the intestinal wall?

<p>Adhesion junctions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are enzymes responsible for biosynthesis of membrane lipids typically located?

<p>Endoplasmic reticulum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of the exocytosis or secretion pathway in a cell?

<p>Rough ER, Golgi apparatus, smooth ER, plasma membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following junction types serves as an impermeable barrier to prevent leakage of extracellular fluid?

<p>Tight junctions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the intestinal wall, which structure allows communication between two cells?

<p>Gap junctions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in a cell is responsible for providing cytoplasmic channels between adjacent cells?

<p>Gap junctions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ribosomes in a cell?

<p>Carry out protein synthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In eukaryotic cells, where can ribosomes be found?

<p>On the outside of the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for storing genetic information in a eukaryotic cell?

<p>Nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cytoskeleton in a cell?

<p>Provide mechanical support and maintain cell shape (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the endomembrane system is responsible for carrying molecules from one part of the system to another?

<p>Transport vesicles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the endosymbiont theory in explaining the evolutionary origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

<p>It proposes that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from symbiotic relationships between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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