Biology Chapters 6-7 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Which structure is NOT part of the endomembrane system?

  • Golgi Apparatus
  • Nuclear Envelope
  • Plasma Membrane
  • ER
  • Chloroplast (correct)

    • Which structure is common to plant AND animal cells?

  • Central Vacuole
  • Centriole
  • Mitochondrion (correct)
  • Chloroplast
  • Wall made of cellulose

    • Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?

  • ER
  • Chloroplast
  • Nuclear Envelope
  • Ribosome (correct)
  • Mitochondrion

    • Which structure-function pair is MISMATCHED?

    <p>Microtubule; muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the:

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?

    <p>ER-&gt;Golgi-&gt;Vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes?

    <p>Phagocytic white blood cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The outer surface of smooth ER lacks ribosomes, whereas the outer surface of rough ER has ribosomes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of the VOLUME of typical eukaryotic:prokaryotic cells?

    <p>1000:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plant and animal cells both carry out cellular respiration, producing ATP.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes an endomembrane function?

    <p>Products of the ER are usually modified during their transit from the CIS to the TRANS region of the Golgi Apparatus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Choose the best description of the cell cytoskeleton.

    <p>The cell cytoskeleton is a dynamic network of fibers that can be quickly dismantled and reassembled to change cell shape and the position of cell components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following choices correctly matches a tool and its proper application?

    <p>Cell fractionation to study the function of specific organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following clues would tell you if a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

    <p>Whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly matches an organelle with its function?

    <p>Central vacuole...storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell?

    <p>The nuclear envelope is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following statements about the endomembrane system is correct?

    <p>Proteins that will be secreted from the cell are likely to be found in closed spaces bounded by membranes of the endomembrane system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following events is associated with the breakdown of a food particle ingested by a cell?

    <p>Digestion of the food particle occurs in a vesicle enclosed by a membrane that separates the digestion from the cytoplasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mitochondria are found in _____.

    <p>Plant and animal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are common traits of chloroplasts and mitochondria?

    <p>Both have their own DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following functions is NOT associated with the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Movement of RNA molecules from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about extracellular structures is correct?

    <p>Information can be transmitted from these extracellular structures to the cytoplasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the sites of protein synthesis called?

    <p>Ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What transports materials within a cell?

    <p>Vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides temporary storage for food, enzymes, and waste products?

    <p>Vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are ribosomes made?

    <p>Nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What packages proteins for transport out of the cell?

    <p>Golgi Apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name for the collection of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Chromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are plant cell walls made of?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are fungi cell walls made of?

    <p>Chitin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are bacteria cell walls made of?

    <p>Peptidoglycan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are archaea cell walls made of?

    <p>Pseudomurein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What's are animal cell walls made of?

    <p>Doesn't have one</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do the membranes of a eukaryotic cell vary?

    <p>Certain proteins are unique to each membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure, proteins of the membrane are mostly:

    <p>Embedded in a lipid bilayer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors would tend to increase membrane fluidity?

    <p>A greater proportion of unsaturated phospholipids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes includes all others?

    <p>Passive transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on experimental treatments, which of these would increase the rate of sucrose transport into the cell?

    <p>Decreasing extracellular pH.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is correct?

    <p>The contents of a red blood cell are hypertonic to distilled water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a plant cell is placed in concentrated salt water, water moves out of the cell.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Structures and Organelles

    • Chloroplast is not part of the endomembrane system, unlike Golgi Apparatus, ER, Plasma Membrane, and Nuclear Envelope.
    • Mitochondria are present in both plant and animal cells, crucial for energy production.
    • Ribosomes are found in prokaryotic cells, unlike ER, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and nuclear envelope.

    Structure-Function Relationships

    • The pair Microtubule; muscle contraction is mismatched, while others correctly align functions to structures.
    • Cyanide inhibits ATP production primarily within Mitochondria when cells are exposed.
    • Pathway for newly synthesized proteins destined for secretion involves ER -> Golgi -> Vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane.

    Cell Types and Organelles

    • Phagocytic white blood cells are ideal for studying lysosomes, which digest foreign materials.
    • Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is less complex compared to Rough ER, which is ribosome-studded.
    • The volume ratio of typical eukaryotic cells to prokaryotic cells is approximately 1000:1.

    Cellular Respiration and Organelle Functions

    • Both plant and animal cells carry out cellular respiration to produce ATP; only plants have chloroplasts.
    • Products of the ER are modified as they transit through the CIS to TRANS region of the Golgi Apparatus.

    Cytoskeleton and Extracellular Structures

    • The cell cytoskeleton is dynamic, allowing for rapid reorganization and movement of components within the cell.
    • Extracellular structures, like plant cell walls, can transmit information to the cytoplasm, aiding in intercellular communication.

    Basic Cell Components

    • Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, while vesicles transport materials and provide temporary storage for substances.
    • The nucleolus is the site for ribosome production, while the Golgi Apparatus packages proteins for export.

    Cell Wall Composition

    • Plant cell walls are made of cellulose, fungal walls of chitin, bacterial walls of peptidoglycan, and archaeal walls of pseudomurein.
    • Animal cells do not have a cell wall.

    Membrane Structure and Function

    • Eukaryotic cell membranes consist of unique proteins, and membranes vary in function and structure.
    • According to the fluid mosaic model, membrane proteins are embedded within a lipid bilayer and are not fixed in place.
    • Unsaturated phospholipids increase membrane fluidity, enhancing movement and flexibility.

    Transport Mechanisms

    • Passive transport encompasses processes including diffusion across membranes, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis.
    • Changes in extracellular pH can influence transport rates, such as increasing sucrose transport by decreasing extracellular pH.
    • A red blood cell has hypertonic contents compared to distilled water, affecting water movement during osmosis.

    Osmosis and Diffusion

    • Water moves out of plant cells in concentrated salt solutions due to osmotic pressure.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge with these flashcards on key concepts from Chapters 6 and 7 of Mastering Biology. Covering topics such as chloroplasts, mitochondria, and ribosomes, this quiz is designed to help reinforce your understanding of cell structures and functions. Perfect for students looking to ace their biology exams!

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