44 Questions
What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain (ETC)?
Oxygen
How does the movement of electrons through the ETC affect their free energy?
Decreases
Where do NADH and FADH2 donate electrons in the electron transport chain?
Mitochondrial matrix
How many ATP are typically generated for each molecule of NADH in oxidative phosphorylation?
3 ATP
Why does the citric acid cycle halt without oxygen present?
Inability to regenerate NAD+ and FAD
If the proton motive force were reversed, what would be the consequence?
Hydrolysis of ATP
What type of transport mechanism is utilized to move pyruvate into the mitochondrial matrix?
Active transport
Which molecule is directly involved in the synthesis of ATP within the mitochondria?
$H^+$
What is the main function of oxidative phosphorylation?
Converts NADH and FADH2 to ATP
Where are most mitochondria found based on their energy requirements?
Cells with high energy demands
How many ATP molecules are typically produced during glycolysis from one molecule of glucose?
2 ATP
In the context of the text, what does the term 'redox' refer to?
Transfer of high-energy electrons
What is the role of the proton motive force in oxidative phosphorylation?
Creating a proton concentration gradient
What is the main function of NADH and FADH2 in the electron transport chain?
Transfer high-energy electrons to the ETC
Which stage of aerobic respiration primarily takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria?
Citric Acid Cycle
What is the main difference in ATP production between NADH and FADH2 in oxidative phosphorylation?
3 ATP per NADH and $2 ATP per FADH2 are produced
Which molecule below is an electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?
NADH
How many ATP molecules are typically produced during glycolysis from one molecule of glucose?
36
Which molecule is directly involved in the synthesis of ATP within the mitochondria?
Acetyl CoA
What happens to the redox potential of the ETC components as you follow the electron through the chain?
It increases
Which are better electron donors?
FADH2
How many ATP come from one molecule of glucose going through glycolysis and the TCA?
36
Is FADH2 reduced or oxidized?
Reduced
How many ATP molecules are typically generated for each molecule of NADH in oxidative phosphorylation?
$2.5$
What is the main difference in ATP production between NADH and FADH2 in oxidative phosphorylation?
$2$ ATP difference
Which molecule below is reduced?
$FADH2$
Why does the citric acid cycle stop almost immediately upon removal of O2?
Lack of oxygen indirectly affects the regeneration of molecules like NAD+ and FAD, crucial for the cycle to continue.
If the proton motive force were reversed, what would occur?
ATP synthase would hydrolyze ATP instead of synthesizing it.
What role do NADH and FADH2 play in oxidative phosphorylation?
They act as electron donors in the electron transport chain.
Which molecule is directly involved in transporting pyruvate into the mitochondrial matrix?
Pyruvate carrier protein
What is the consequence of stopping oxygen supply on the citric acid cycle?
The NADH and FADH2 pools become depleted quickly.
What would happen if ATP synthase malfunctioned and could only hydrolyze ATP?
ATP levels in the cell would decrease drastically.
How does reversing the proton motive force impact ATP production?
Reduces ATP production by decreasing proton flow through ATP synthase.
What is the primary function of oxygen in oxidative phosphorylation?
To serve as a final electron acceptor
Most mitochondria are found in cells requiring lots of ______
energy
Another way to make ATP besides glycolysis is through ______ phosphorylation
oxidative
High energy electron carriers NADH and FADH2 bring electrons to the ______
ETC
Each complex in the electron transport chain has cytochromes and ______-sulfur centers
iron
Proton motive force is created by the proton concentration gradient and the voltage gradient across the inner mitochondrial ______
membrane
How many ATP come from one molecule of glucose going through glycolysis and the TCA? ______
over 30
FADH2 is the ______ molecule?
reduced
What happens to the redox potential of the ETC components as you follow the electron through the ______?
chain
Which are better electron receptors? Where do the electrons finally end up? What happens to the free energy of the electrons as they move through the ETC? Draw the ETC components in a membrane. Label each component. Label the membrane the ETC is located in as well as the spaces on either side. Indicate where NADH and FADH2 donate electrons. Include where the electrons finally end up (what molecule). How many ATP are made for each NADH? How many ATP are made for each FADH2? The citric acid cycle generates NADH and FADH2, which are then used in the process of oxidative phosphorylation to make ATP. If the citric acid cycle, which does not use oxygen, and oxidative phosphorylation are separate processes, as they are, then why is it that the citric acid cycle stops almost immediately upon removal of O2? The citric acid cycle stops without oxygen because oxygen is needed indirectly for the regeneration of molecules like NAD+ and FAD, which are crucial for the cycle to continue. What would happen if the proton motive force were reversed? ATP synthase would function in reverse, acting as an ATPase instead of an ATP synthase. This means that instead of synthesizing ATP, the enzyme would hydrolyze ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate, releasing energy in the process. What type of transport is used to move pyruvate into the matrix? Pi into the matrix? ATP into the intermembrane space? (4 Artificial ATP synthesis machine
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Existing questions. Do NOT ask these: What happens to the redox potential of the ETC components as you follow the electron through the chain? Which molecule is directly involved in transporting pyruvate into the mitochondrial matrix? Which are better electron donors? What type of transport mechanism is utilized to move pyruvate into the mitochondrial matrix? What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain (ETC)? Which molecule is directly involved in the synthesis of ATP within the mitochondria? Which molecule below is reduced? What is the main difference in ATP production between NADH and FADH2 in oxidative phosphorylation? How does the movement of electrons through the ETC affect their free energy? How many ATP molecules are typically produced during glycolysis from one molecule of glucose? How many ATP molecules are typically generated for each molecule of NADH in oxidative phosphorylation? What would happen if ATP synthase malfunctioned and could only hydrolyze ATP? How many ATP are typically generated for each molecule of NADH in oxidative phosphorylation? How does reversing the proton motive force impact ATP production? How many ATP come from one molecule of glucose going through glycolysis and the TCA? What is the main function of oxidative phosphorylation? What is the primary function of oxygen in oxidative phosphorylation? Where do NADH and FADH2 donate electrons in the electron transport chain? In the context of the text, what does the term 'redox' refer to? What is the main difference in ATP production between NADH and FADH2 in oxidative phosphorylation? What is the role of the proton motive force in oxidative phosphorylation? What is the consequence of stopping oxygen supply on the citric acid cycle? Which stage of aerobic respiration primarily takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria? Is FADH2 reduced or oxidized? Where are most mitochondria found based on their energy requirements? What is the main function of NADH and FADH2 in the electron transport chain? Which molecule is directly involved in the synthesis of ATP within the mitochondria? Which molecule below is an electron acceptor in aerobic respiration? Why does the citric acid cycle stop almost immediately upon removal of O2? If the proton motive force were reversed, what would be the consequence? If the proton motive force were reversed, what would occur? Why does the citric acid cycle halt without oxygen present? How many ATP molecules are typically produced during glycolysis from one molecule of glucose? What role do NADH and FADH2 play in oxidative phosphorylation?
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Learn about the process of oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis in mitochondria through the electron transport chain. Understand the role of high-energy electron carriers like NADH and FADH2, as well as the involvement of cytochromes and iron-sulfur centers.
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