Mitochondria: Definition, Structure, and Function
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Questions and Answers

What are the folds in the inner membrane of mitochondria called, where chemical reactions occur?

  • Lamellae
  • ATP synthase
  • Cristae (correct)
  • Porins
  • Which molecule is primarily produced by the mitochondria during cellular respiration?

  • FADH2
  • Glucose
  • ATP (correct)
  • NADH
  • Which cycle is NOT associated with ATP production in mitochondria?

  • Krebs cycle
  • Glycolysis (correct)
  • Tricarboxylic acid cycle
  • Citric acid cycle
  • What role does cytochrome C play in mitochondria?

    <p>Activates apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the material exchange occur within mitochondria?

    <p>Intermembrane space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of mitochondria?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of porins in the mitochondrial outer membrane?

    <p>Allow passage of proteins and small molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Producing energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do mitochondria reproduce?

    <p>Binary fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hypothesis explains the origin of mitochondria?

    <p>Mitochondria were once free-living bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are mitochondria located within eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cell types does NOT contain mitochondria?

    <p>Erythrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of mitochondria surrounds the organelle?

    <p>Outer membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential use of transformed mitochondria?

    <p>Rehabilitation in humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about the number of mitochondria in cells?

    <p>Liver cells can contain thousands of mitochondria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mitochondria: Definition and Origin

    • Double-membrane-bound organelles found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
    • Often called "mito," they are crucial for cellular energy production.
    • Unique among organelles due to their double membrane and reproduction via binary fission.
    • Hypothesized to have originated as free-living bacteria engulfed by a larger cell. This endosymbiotic theory explains their unique characteristics.

    Mitochondria: Location and Distribution

    • Located in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, which include human cells.
    • Absent in red blood cells (erythrocytes).
    • Number varies widely among cell types; liver cells can contain thousands, while some cells have none.
    • Transformed mitochondria can be introduced into recipient cells through co-incubation, with potential therapeutic applications.

    Mitochondria: Structure and Components

    • Outer membrane: Contains porins (protein channels) allowing passage of small molecules and proteins; also houses enzymes.
    • Inner membrane: Forms cristae (folds) where energy production occurs.
    • Intermembrane space: Region between membranes; involved in material exchange and signaling pathways.
    • Matrix: Innermost compartment; contains mitochondrial DNA and enzymes for ATP production.

    Mitochondria: Functions

    • ATP Production: Generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cell's energy currency, through the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle/TCA cycle) and oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase, an enzyme on the inner membrane, is central to this process.
    • Apoptosis Regulation: Releases cytochrome C to activate caspases, enzymes initiating programmed cell death (apoptosis). This is important for removing damaged or infected cells.
    • Calcium Regulation: Acts as a calcium store and buffer, influencing calcium levels within the cell, a key element in various cellular processes (neurotransmission, muscle function, blood clotting).

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    Description

    This quiz explores the fascinating world of mitochondria, their origin, structure, and importance in eukaryotic cells. Learn about their unique characteristics, distribution in various cell types, and the implications of their function in energy production. Test your knowledge of this vital organelle!

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