Mismatch Tamir Mekanizması: Ökaryotlar ve Prokaryotlar Arasındaki Farklar
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Çift iplik kırıklarının onarımı için hangi iki farklı mekanizma kullanılabilir?

  • HOMOLOG ve HETEROLOG REKOMBİNASYON
  • BRCA1/2 ve Ku proteinleri
  • NHEJ ve MRN
  • HOMOLOG ve NON-HOMOLOG REKOMBİNASYON (correct)

DSB'lerin onarımında hangi enzim ve moleküller rol oynar?

  • NHEJ ve DNA ligaz
  • HOMOLOG ve DNA polimeraz
  • BRCA1/2 ve MRN (correct)
  • RAD ve Ku proteinleri

DNA'da oluşan çift iplik kırıkları hangi durumda homolog rekombinasyon yoluyla onarılır?

  • NHEJ mekanizması devrede olduğunda
  • Hasarlı bazların yeniden birleştirilmesi gerektiğinde
  • MRN enzimi etkisiz olduğunda
  • Normal kromozomla homolog rekombinasyon mümkün olduğunda (correct)

Çift iplik kırıklarının tamiri için homolog rekombinasyon ve NHEJ arasındaki tercih hangi faktörlere bağlıdır?

<p>Hücre döngüsünün evresine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'HR' seçiminde, onarıma kılavuzluk yapmak için neye gerek duyulmaz?

<p>Uzun bir homolog diziye (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Çift zincir kırıklarının tamiri konusunda hangisi yanlıştır?

<p>NHEJ, homolog rekombinasyonu destekler. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Moleküler düzeyde DNA onarımında görev alan bir protein grubu aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?

<p>BRCA1/2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aşağıdakilerden hangisi DNA hasarının doğrudan onarım mekanizmalarından biri değildir?

<p>BER tamiri (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Homolog rekombinasyon ve NHEJ arasındaki farklılık nedir?

<p>NHEJ'de genetik materyal kaybı olmazken, homolog rekombinasyon genetik materyal kaybına neden olabilir. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aşağıdakilerden hangisi çift zincir kırıklarının tamiri için kullanılan bir mekanizma değildir?

<p>-CH3 (metil) gruplarının alınması (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ökaryotlarda MISMATCH tamir mekanizması ile ilgili aşağıdakilerden hangisi doğru değildir?

<p>MutH, ökaryotlarda da bulunur. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hasarlı DNA'nın hasarsız bir molekülle rekombinasyonu hangi DNA onarım mekanizmasına dayanır?

<p>Rekombinasyonel Onarım (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

DNA replikasyonu sırasında karşılaşılan ve normal replikatif DNA polimerazlarca kopyalanamayarak bir replikasyon çatalının ilerlemesini bloke eden hangi lezyonların onarımında rekombinasyonel onarım mekanizması kullanılır?

<p>Timin dimerleri (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Kalıp DNA ipliklerinden birinin hasarsız olduğu ve replikasyon sırasında hasarlı ipliğin onarımında kullanılabilecek durumda hangi onarım mekanizması geçerlidir?

<p><strong>BRCA1/2</strong> Onarımı (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Baz kesip çıkarma tamiri (BER) hangi enzim grupları tarafından gerçekleştirilen bir tamir mekanizmasıdır?

<p>DNA N-glikozilazlar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rekombinasyonel onarıma alternatif olarak, hızlı ancak hataya meyilli bir DNA onarım mekanizması aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?

<p><strong>NHEJ</strong> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Baz kesip çıkarma tamiri sırasında, DNA'da hangi tür anomalileri tanıyan enzimler görev yapar?

<p>DNA N-glikozilazlar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Yanlış eşleşme onarımı (Mismatch repair) hangi tip baz anomalilerini düzeltmeye odaklanır?

<p>Deaminasyon sonucu oluşan urasil (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

RAD ve BRCA1/2 gibi proteinler hangi tamir mekanizmasında önemli bir rol oynar?

<p><strong>Rekombinasyonal onarım (Recombinational repair)</strong> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rekombinasyonal onarım hangi durumlarda daha sık tercih edilir?

<p>Çift iplikli DNA kırıklarında (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What are the two mechanisms for repairing double-strand breaks?

Two primary mechanisms: Homologous Recombination (HR) and Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ).

Which enzymes and molecules are involved in DSB repair?

BRCA1/2 and MRN complex are key players. BRCA1/2 helps in damage signaling and repair initiation, while MRN complex recognizes and processes the break.

When are double-strand breaks repaired by homologous recombination?

HR is used when a homologous template is available from another chromosome. Works during S and G2 phases.

What factors affect the choice between HR and NHEJ for DSB repair?

The choice depends on the cell cycle stage, DNA damage type, and available repair factors.

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What is not required for guiding the repair in 'HR' selection?

HR utilizes homologous sequences as a guide for repair, but doesn't require a very long homologous sequence.

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What is incorrect regarding double-strand break repair?

NHEJ repairs breaks by directly joining ends, which can be error-prone and cause loss of genetic material.

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What protein group is involved in DNA repair at the molecular level?

BRCA1/2 are important proteins involved in DNA repair at the molecular level. They function in damage response and homologous recombination.

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Which of the following is not a direct DNA damage repair mechanism?

BER repair is a direct repair mechanism dealing with damaged base excision. It doesn't fall under direct repair mechanisms.

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What is the difference between Homologous Recombination and NHEJ?

HR utilizes homologous sequences as a template for repair, which can result in genetic material loss. NHEJ directly joins broken ends, minimizing loss.

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Which of the following is not a mechanism used for double-strand break repair?

None of the options are actually repair mechanisms for double-strand break repair.

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What is incorrect about the mismatch repair mechanism in eukaryotes?

MutH is only present in prokaryotes, not eukaryotes.

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Which DNA repair mechanism relies on recombination of damaged DNA with undamaged DNA?

Recombination repair uses a damage-free molecule as a template to repair damaged DNA.

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Which lesions are repaired by the recombinational repair mechanism during DNA replication?

Recombination is the main repair mechanism for lesions that block replication fork progression and cannot be copied by normal replicases.

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Which repair mechanism is used when one DNA strand is undamaged and is available for repair during replication?

When one DNA strand is intact, this strand is used as a template to repair the damaged strand during replication.

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Which group of enzymes perform base excision repair (BER)?

BER is carried out by a group of enzymes called DNA N-glycosylases. These enzymes specifically remove damaged bases from the DNA.

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What is the fast, but error-prone DNA repair alternative to recombinational repair?

Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is a fast but error-prone repair mechanism that is an alternative to recombinational repair.

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What types of anomalies in DNA do enzymes in base excision repair specifically recognize?

DNA N-glycosylases recognize and remove specific types of damaged bases from the DNA during base excision repair.

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What type of base anomalies are fixed by mismatch repair?

Mismatch repair (MMR) focuses on correcting base anomalies that arise from deamination, specifically the conversion of cytosine to uracil.

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What repair mechanism is RAD and BRCA1/2 essential for?

Proteins like RAD and BRCA1/2 play a crucial role in recombinational repair, which utilizes homologous recombination to repair damaged DNA.

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Under what circumstances is recombinational repair more frequently preferred?

Recombinational repair is particularly favored when dealing with double-stranded DNA breaks as it utilizes homologous sequences for accurate repair.

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