DNA Repair Mechanisms Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between direct reversal DNA repair and replacement of damaged nucleotide bases?

  • Direct reversal is specific to UV light damage, while replacement is more general.
  • Direct reversal is slower than replacement.
  • Direct reversal does not require a template, while replacement requires a template. (correct)
  • Direct reversal requires a template, while replacement does not.

Which enzyme is responsible for photoreactivation in direct reversal DNA repair?

  • Polymerase
  • Photolyase (correct)
  • Helicase
  • Methyltransferase

Why is direct reversal through photoreactivation not possible in humans?

  • Humans lack the enzyme required for photoreactivation. (correct)
  • Humans are not capable of repairing DNA damage.
  • Humans do not have the necessary light exposure.
  • Humans do not form pyrimidine dimers.

What is the function of the protein MGMT in direct reversal DNA repair?

<p>It restores the original guanine base by transferring methyl groups. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of DNA damage does photoreactivation specifically address in direct repair?

<p>Formation of pyrimidine dimers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of methylation of guanine bases in DNA?

<p>Formation of thymine bases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme accepts the alkyl group through its sulfur atom of a cysteine residue?

<p>Suicide enzyme (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the enzyme once it transfers the alkyl group?

<p>It becomes inactivated (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe an enzyme that becomes inactivated upon accepting an alkyl group?

<p>Suicide enzyme (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which repair mechanism involves the recognition and removal of a single damaged base?

<p>Base Excision Repair (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme family is required for the base excision repair mechanism?

<p>Glycosylases family (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which repair mechanism is used to repair damage to DNA caused by the formation of pyrimidine dimers from UV light?

<p>Nucleotide Excision Repair (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is formed after glycosylases enzymes remove a damaged base during the repair process?

<p>AP site (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Excision repair involves the removal and replacement of damaged DNA on which strand?

<p>&quot;Non-defective&quot; strand (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

"Nucleotide Excision Repair" recognizes what type of damage before initiating the repair process?

<p>&quot;Pyrimidine dimers formation&quot; (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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