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Questions and Answers
Which ion plays a role in muscle contraction and nerve transmission?
Which ion plays a role in muscle contraction and nerve transmission?
What is the principal positively charged ion inside the body’s cells?
What is the principal positively charged ion inside the body’s cells?
Which ion is the positive ion in extracellular fluid and plays a role in fluid balance, electrolyte balance, and maintenance of extracellular fluid balance?
Which ion is the positive ion in extracellular fluid and plays a role in fluid balance, electrolyte balance, and maintenance of extracellular fluid balance?
What is the most common electrolyte imbalance, often caused by excessive losses rather than deficient intakes?
What is the most common electrolyte imbalance, often caused by excessive losses rather than deficient intakes?
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Which electrolyte deficiency can lead to heart failure due to potassium loss during fasting or severe diarrhea?
Which electrolyte deficiency can lead to heart failure due to potassium loss during fasting or severe diarrhea?
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What type of diets seem to play an important role in the development of high blood pressure?
What type of diets seem to play an important role in the development of high blood pressure?
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Which ion is found in table salt (NaCl) as 40% of its composition?
Which ion is found in table salt (NaCl) as 40% of its composition?
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Excessive losses of which electrolyte can lead to conditions such as diabetic acidosis, dehydration, or prolonged vomiting or diarrhea?
Excessive losses of which electrolyte can lead to conditions such as diabetic acidosis, dehydration, or prolonged vomiting or diarrhea?
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Which electrolyte appears to reduce the risk of stroke, beyond just its reduction in blood pressure alone?
Which electrolyte appears to reduce the risk of stroke, beyond just its reduction in blood pressure alone?
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Which ion's deficiency has no known human diets that lack it?
Which ion's deficiency has no known human diets that lack it?
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What is the main role of calcium in the body?
What is the main role of calcium in the body?
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Which mineral is found in the body in amounts exceeding 5 grams and is required in quantities greater than 100 mg/day for proper functioning?
Which mineral is found in the body in amounts exceeding 5 grams and is required in quantities greater than 100 mg/day for proper functioning?
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What is the potential consequence of low intakes of calcium?
What is the potential consequence of low intakes of calcium?
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What are the symptoms associated with a deficiency of calcium?
What are the symptoms associated with a deficiency of calcium?
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Which condition is described as 'a pediatric disease with geriatric consequences'?
Which condition is described as 'a pediatric disease with geriatric consequences'?
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What is the primary function of trace minerals in the body?
What is the primary function of trace minerals in the body?
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Which mineral is required in amounts less than 5 grams and in quantities less than 100 mg/day for proper functioning?
Which mineral is required in amounts less than 5 grams and in quantities less than 100 mg/day for proper functioning?
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What are the major sources of calcium in the diet?
What are the major sources of calcium in the diet?
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"Insufficient bone calcium increases the risk of osteoporosis." What does this statement imply?
"Insufficient bone calcium increases the risk of osteoporosis." What does this statement imply?
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"Low intakes of calcium are associated with an increased risk of colon and rectal cancer." What inference can be made from this statement?
"Low intakes of calcium are associated with an increased risk of colon and rectal cancer." What inference can be made from this statement?
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Study Notes
Muscle Contraction and Nerve Transmission
- Calcium ions play a crucial role in muscle contraction and nerve transmission.
Principal Positively Charged Ion
- Potassium (K+) is the principal positively charged ion within the body’s cells.
Extracellular Fluid Ion
- Sodium (Na+) acts as the primary positive ion in extracellular fluid, important for fluid and electrolyte balance.
Common Electrolyte Imbalance
- Hyponatremia is the most prevalent electrolyte imbalance, often stemming from excessive losses rather than insufficient intake.
Potassium Deficiency Risks
- A deficiency in potassium can lead to heart failure, particularly during fasting or severe diarrhea.
Diets and High Blood Pressure
- Diets high in sodium are linked to an increased risk of developing high blood pressure.
Sodium in Table Salt
- Sodium constitutes 40% of the composition of table salt (NaCl).
Electrolyte Loss Consequences
- Excessive losses of bicarbonate can result in conditions such as diabetic acidosis, dehydration, or prolonged vomiting or diarrhea.
Stroke Risk and Electrolytes
- Potassium appears to reduce the risk of stroke, beyond just its ability to lower blood pressure.
Ion Deficiency
- There is no known diet in humans that lacks chloride (Cl-).
Main Role of Calcium
- Calcium primarily supports bone health and is essential for various bodily functions.
Mineral Requirements
- Phosphorus is a mineral found in amounts exceeding 5 grams in the body, required in quantities greater than 100 mg/day.
Consequences of Low Calcium Intake
- Low calcium intake can lead to osteoporosis, a condition characterized by weakened bones.
Symptoms of Calcium Deficiency
- Symptoms associated with calcium deficiency include brittle bone structure, increased fracture risk, and muscle spasms.
Childhood Condition Impacts
- Osteoporosis is often referred to as "a pediatric disease with geriatric consequences," highlighting early risk factors leading to later life issues.
Function of Trace Minerals
- Trace minerals primarily function as cofactors for enzymes and are essential for various physiological processes.
Mineral Quantities
- Iron is a trace mineral required in amounts less than 5 grams and less than 100 mg/day for proper functioning.
Major Sources of Calcium
- Major dietary sources of calcium include dairy products, leafy greens, and fortified foods.
Risk Implications
- Insufficient bone calcium increasing the risk of osteoporosis implies a need for early preventive measures to ensure lifelong bone health.
Calcium and Cancer Risk
- The correlation between low calcium intake and an increased risk of colon and rectal cancer suggests that calcium plays a protective role in digestive health.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the various functions of minerals in the body, including major and trace minerals. Learn about the essential nutrients, naturally occurring properties, and roles of minerals such as calcium and iron.
