Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the 23d Special Operations Weather Squadron?
What is the primary function of the 23d Special Operations Weather Squadron?
Who provides weather reconnaissance aircraft and crews in support of CCMD requirements?
Who provides weather reconnaissance aircraft and crews in support of CCMD requirements?
What is the purpose of coordinating with the Central Issue Facility and Rapid Fielding Initiative provider?
What is the purpose of coordinating with the Central Issue Facility and Rapid Fielding Initiative provider?
What guide is used for sequencing and prioritizing weather functional areas?
What guide is used for sequencing and prioritizing weather functional areas?
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Which unit is responsible for conducting weather integration and MEFP?
Which unit is responsible for conducting weather integration and MEFP?
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What is the purpose of the 53d Weather Reconnaissance Squadron?
What is the purpose of the 53d Weather Reconnaissance Squadron?
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Who does the 23d Special Operations Weather Squadron provide weather support to?
Who does the 23d Special Operations Weather Squadron provide weather support to?
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What publication outlines the operations procedures for WC-130J aircraft?
What publication outlines the operations procedures for WC-130J aircraft?
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What is the minimum ceiling requirement when an aircrew must file for an alternate?
What is the minimum ceiling requirement when an aircrew must file for an alternate?
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What is the visibility requirement for an airfield to qualify as an alternate when filing a flight plan?
What is the visibility requirement for an airfield to qualify as an alternate when filing a flight plan?
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What is the purpose of weather personnel understanding all aspects of weather's effect on operations?
What is the purpose of weather personnel understanding all aspects of weather's effect on operations?
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What is the category of an airfield with a ceiling of less than 1500ft but greater than or equal to the lowest published landing minimum plus 400ft?
What is the category of an airfield with a ceiling of less than 1500ft but greater than or equal to the lowest published landing minimum plus 400ft?
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What guidance is provided in DAFI 21-103?
What guidance is provided in DAFI 21-103?
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What is the source of the regulation for airfield ceiling and visibility specifications?
What is the source of the regulation for airfield ceiling and visibility specifications?
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What is the minimum ceiling requirement for an airfield to be considered a suitable destination?
What is the minimum ceiling requirement for an airfield to be considered a suitable destination?
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What is the role of the DPAS Property Custodian as defined in DAFMAN 17-1203?
What is the role of the DPAS Property Custodian as defined in DAFMAN 17-1203?
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What is the category of an airfield with a ceiling of less than the lowest published landing minimum?
What is the category of an airfield with a ceiling of less than the lowest published landing minimum?
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What is the purpose of weather leadership organizing personnel to support operations?
What is the purpose of weather leadership organizing personnel to support operations?
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What is the purpose of familiarizing weather personnel with the weather functional community Prioritization and Sequencing Guidance?
What is the purpose of familiarizing weather personnel with the weather functional community Prioritization and Sequencing Guidance?
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What is the visibility requirement for an airfield to be considered a suitable destination?
What is the visibility requirement for an airfield to be considered a suitable destination?
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What is the purpose of the weather supplement to the War Mobilization Plan?
What is the purpose of the weather supplement to the War Mobilization Plan?
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What is the purpose of filing for an alternate airfield?
What is the purpose of filing for an alternate airfield?
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What is the typical area affected by warnings?
What is the typical area affected by warnings?
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What should be included in warnings and advisories?
What should be included in warnings and advisories?
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What is the purpose of pattern duties at home station to mirror those described in Mission Capability Statements?
What is the purpose of pattern duties at home station to mirror those described in Mission Capability Statements?
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What is the role of commanders in leveraging weather information?
What is the role of commanders in leveraging weather information?
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How much prior notice should be given for watches issued for phenomena other than lightning?
How much prior notice should be given for watches issued for phenomena other than lightning?
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What is the relationship between a watch and a warning?
What is the relationship between a watch and a warning?
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When should a completely new warning or advisory be issued?
When should a completely new warning or advisory be issued?
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What should be done when a WWA is no longer applicable?
What should be done when a WWA is no longer applicable?
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How many weather forecast warnings or advisories should be issued for the same criteria at any given time?
How many weather forecast warnings or advisories should be issued for the same criteria at any given time?
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What is the purpose of documenting deviations in supported agency data pages or applicable plans or instructions?
What is the purpose of documenting deviations in supported agency data pages or applicable plans or instructions?
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What is the default desired lead-time for units if the supported organization does not specify a minimum?
What is the default desired lead-time for units if the supported organization does not specify a minimum?
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What is the primary purpose of ensuring horizontal consistency with TAF and other forecast products?
What is the primary purpose of ensuring horizontal consistency with TAF and other forecast products?
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What is the primary reason for issuing WWAs in a standard format and numbering scheme?
What is the primary reason for issuing WWAs in a standard format and numbering scheme?
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When should the ending valid time be used for observed WWAs?
When should the ending valid time be used for observed WWAs?
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What is the primary reason for specifying the area affected when issuing WWAs?
What is the primary reason for specifying the area affected when issuing WWAs?
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What is the scenario in which watches may be issued for an area larger than the corresponding warning?
What is the scenario in which watches may be issued for an area larger than the corresponding warning?
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What is the primary purpose of notifying the 557 WW and/or LWU if their products are inconsistent with locally issued WWAs?
What is the primary purpose of notifying the 557 WW and/or LWU if their products are inconsistent with locally issued WWAs?
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What is the primary reason for issuing WWAs in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and/or Local Time?
What is the primary reason for issuing WWAs in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and/or Local Time?
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What is the purpose of coordinating with contract offices according to AFI 64-102?
What is the purpose of coordinating with contract offices according to AFI 64-102?
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What is the role of the Weather Data Steward according to DAFI 90-302?
What is the role of the Weather Data Steward according to DAFI 90-302?
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What is the purpose of developing and cross-feeding technical training materials throughout the command?
What is the purpose of developing and cross-feeding technical training materials throughout the command?
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What is the purpose of appointing Data Managers and Data Custodians?
What is the purpose of appointing Data Managers and Data Custodians?
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What is the purpose of providing weather inputs applicable to the development/revision of weather support plans?
What is the purpose of providing weather inputs applicable to the development/revision of weather support plans?
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What is the purpose of engaging in planning, programming, and budgeting for MAJCOM weather resources?
What is the purpose of engaging in planning, programming, and budgeting for MAJCOM weather resources?
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What is the primary responsibility of the Air Force Operations Group (AFOG) Weather Branch?
What is the primary responsibility of the Air Force Operations Group (AFOG) Weather Branch?
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What is the purpose of overseeing the accuracy and currency of equipment accountability and readiness reporting?
What is the purpose of overseeing the accuracy and currency of equipment accountability and readiness reporting?
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What is the purpose of the AFOG Weather Branch providing situational awareness products and briefings?
What is the purpose of the AFOG Weather Branch providing situational awareness products and briefings?
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What is the purpose of providing staff assistance, technical training assistance, and technical consultant assistance to assigned weather organizations?
What is the purpose of providing staff assistance, technical training assistance, and technical consultant assistance to assigned weather organizations?
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What is the role of Contingency Response Force (CRF) weather personnel?
What is the role of Contingency Response Force (CRF) weather personnel?
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What is the purpose of the AFOG Weather Branch coordinating with the 557 WW?
What is the purpose of the AFOG Weather Branch coordinating with the 557 WW?
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What type of support does the AFOG Weather Branch provide to the Air Force Crisis Action Team and Army Crisis Action Team?
What type of support does the AFOG Weather Branch provide to the Air Force Crisis Action Team and Army Crisis Action Team?
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What is the purpose of the AFOG Weather Branch tailoring and integrating environmental information?
What is the purpose of the AFOG Weather Branch tailoring and integrating environmental information?
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What is the purpose of the AFOG Weather Branch arranging for dissemination of local weather watches, warnings, and advisories?
What is the purpose of the AFOG Weather Branch arranging for dissemination of local weather watches, warnings, and advisories?
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What is the role of the AFOG Weather Branch in providing climatology data and products?
What is the role of the AFOG Weather Branch in providing climatology data and products?
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What is the primary mission of ANG WFs while in IDT or Title-32 status?
What is the primary mission of ANG WFs while in IDT or Title-32 status?
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What is the role of Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation Meteorologists (RDT&E Mets)?
What is the role of Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation Meteorologists (RDT&E Mets)?
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What is the primary focus of the WHMO weather unit?
What is the primary focus of the WHMO weather unit?
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What is the purpose of ANG personnel supporting rotational taskings on a volunteer basis?
What is the purpose of ANG personnel supporting rotational taskings on a volunteer basis?
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What is the primary focus of RDT&E Mets during the acquisition lifecycle of DAF and Joint/Allied/Coalition systems?
What is the primary focus of RDT&E Mets during the acquisition lifecycle of DAF and Joint/Allied/Coalition systems?
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What is the primary role of ANG personnel during federal mobilization?
What is the primary role of ANG personnel during federal mobilization?
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What is the primary purpose of WHMO weather unit's support to White House functions?
What is the primary purpose of WHMO weather unit's support to White House functions?
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What is the primary focus of ANG personnel's training during IDT or Title-32 status?
What is the primary focus of ANG personnel's training during IDT or Title-32 status?
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What is the criteria for amending wind speed forecasts?
What is the criteria for amending wind speed forecasts?
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What is the threshold for icing associated with thunderstorms?
What is the threshold for icing associated with thunderstorms?
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What is the criteria for amending wind direction forecasts?
What is the criteria for amending wind direction forecasts?
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What is the threshold for turbulence associated with thunderstorms?
What is the threshold for turbulence associated with thunderstorms?
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What is the criteria for issuing watches for icing and turbulence?
What is the criteria for issuing watches for icing and turbulence?
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What is the source of the regulation for amending wind forecasts?
What is the source of the regulation for amending wind forecasts?
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What is the criteria for amending wind gust forecasts?
What is the criteria for amending wind gust forecasts?
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What is the criteria for amending icing forecasts?
What is the criteria for amending icing forecasts?
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When determining the forecast category, what should be used to determine the category?
When determining the forecast category, what should be used to determine the category?
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What is the substitute for 5000M and 3000M in OCONUS locations?
What is the substitute for 5000M and 3000M in OCONUS locations?
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What is the purpose of WF/Dets in limited-duty locations?
What is the purpose of WF/Dets in limited-duty locations?
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What should WF/Dets do if no practical alternative local solution(s) exist?
What should WF/Dets do if no practical alternative local solution(s) exist?
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Who is responsible for issuing WWAs for their host installation/aerodrome complex and supported parent/tenant unit missions and resources?
Who is responsible for issuing WWAs for their host installation/aerodrome complex and supported parent/tenant unit missions and resources?
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What is the purpose of WF/Dets issuing WWAs?
What is the purpose of WF/Dets issuing WWAs?
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What should WF/Dets do for ANG/ARNG dual-use military/civilian airfields?
What should WF/Dets do for ANG/ARNG dual-use military/civilian airfields?
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What should be done for limited-duty locations outside of regular duty hours?
What should be done for limited-duty locations outside of regular duty hours?
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What is the primary purpose of providing weather 'GO/NO GO' determinations for Launch Agency constraints?
What is the primary purpose of providing weather 'GO/NO GO' determinations for Launch Agency constraints?
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Which publication outlines the Lightning Launch Commit Criteria for Space Flight?
Which publication outlines the Lightning Launch Commit Criteria for Space Flight?
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What is the role of Combat Weather Units in supporting Army operations?
What is the role of Combat Weather Units in supporting Army operations?
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What is the purpose of managing unit supply accounts and Army Modification Table of Organizational Equipment (MTOE) equipment?
What is the purpose of managing unit supply accounts and Army Modification Table of Organizational Equipment (MTOE) equipment?
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What is the purpose of providing METOC support to Human Space Flight (HSF) operations?
What is the purpose of providing METOC support to Human Space Flight (HSF) operations?
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What is the role of the Weather Data Steward according to DAFI 90-302?
What is the role of the Weather Data Steward according to DAFI 90-302?
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What is the primary function of the LWU in a mission?
What is the primary function of the LWU in a mission?
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What is the purpose of appointing Data Managers and Data Custodians?
What is the purpose of appointing Data Managers and Data Custodians?
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What is the purpose of Control Weather Products (CWPs) in a mission?
What is the purpose of Control Weather Products (CWPs) in a mission?
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What type of organization provides trusted METOC data and information to fulfill CCMD and component requirements?
What type of organization provides trusted METOC data and information to fulfill CCMD and component requirements?
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What is the primary responsibility of the Air Force Operations Group (AFOG) Weather Branch?
What is the primary responsibility of the Air Force Operations Group (AFOG) Weather Branch?
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In a multinational operation, what should be followed for METOC support?
In a multinational operation, what should be followed for METOC support?
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What should be done if units are unable to come to a consensus on the LWU for a mission?
What should be done if units are unable to come to a consensus on the LWU for a mission?
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What type of unit services the lead airlift aircraft unit for weather support?
What type of unit services the lead airlift aircraft unit for weather support?
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What determines the LWU for a Special Operations mission?
What determines the LWU for a Special Operations mission?
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What is the primary purpose of the LWU in a mission?
What is the primary purpose of the LWU in a mission?
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What is the criteria for issuing a weather warning if the altimeter setting meets or exceeds 31.00 INS and was not specified in the forecast?
What is the criteria for issuing a weather warning if the altimeter setting meets or exceeds 31.00 INS and was not specified in the forecast?
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What happens when forecast conditions specified as temporary become predominant conditions?
What happens when forecast conditions specified as temporary become predominant conditions?
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When should a weather advisory be issued?
When should a weather advisory be issued?
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What happens when forecast change conditions do not occur within 30 minutes after the specified time?
What happens when forecast change conditions do not occur within 30 minutes after the specified time?
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When should a weather warning be issued?
When should a weather warning be issued?
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What is the criteria for issuing a weather advisory if thunderstorms are expected to occur but were not specified in the forecast?
What is the criteria for issuing a weather advisory if thunderstorms are expected to occur but were not specified in the forecast?
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When should a weather advisory be cancelled?
When should a weather advisory be cancelled?
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What is the criteria for issuing a weather warning if the altimeter setting drops below 28.00 INS and was not specified in the forecast?
What is the criteria for issuing a weather warning if the altimeter setting drops below 28.00 INS and was not specified in the forecast?
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What is the minimum ceiling requirement for an airfield to be considered a suitable destination?
What is the minimum ceiling requirement for an airfield to be considered a suitable destination?
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What is the category of an airfield with a ceiling of less than 1500ft but greater than or equal to the lowest published landing minimum plus 400ft?
What is the category of an airfield with a ceiling of less than 1500ft but greater than or equal to the lowest published landing minimum plus 400ft?
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What is the visibility requirement for an airfield to qualify as an alternate when filing a flight plan?
What is the visibility requirement for an airfield to qualify as an alternate when filing a flight plan?
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What is the source of the regulation for airfield ceiling and visibility specifications?
What is the source of the regulation for airfield ceiling and visibility specifications?
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When must an aircrew file for an alternate airfield?
When must an aircrew file for an alternate airfield?
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What is the category of an airfield with a ceiling of less than the lowest published landing minimum?
What is the category of an airfield with a ceiling of less than the lowest published landing minimum?
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What is the visibility requirement for an airfield to be considered a suitable destination?
What is the visibility requirement for an airfield to be considered a suitable destination?
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What is the minimum ceiling requirement for an airfield to qualify as an alternate when filing a flight plan?
What is the minimum ceiling requirement for an airfield to qualify as an alternate when filing a flight plan?
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What determines when a lightning watch is cancelled?
What determines when a lightning watch is cancelled?
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When should a WWA be cancelled?
When should a WWA be cancelled?
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What should be done when a WWA is upgraded or downgraded?
What should be done when a WWA is upgraded or downgraded?
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What should be done when the WWA notification system is inoperable?
What should be done when the WWA notification system is inoperable?
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What is the purpose of clearly stating how amended, extended, or cancelled WWAs affect other issued notices for the same criteria?
What is the purpose of clearly stating how amended, extended, or cancelled WWAs affect other issued notices for the same criteria?
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When can a watch, a forecast warning, and an observed advisory be valid at the same time for different thresholds of the same criteria?
When can a watch, a forecast warning, and an observed advisory be valid at the same time for different thresholds of the same criteria?
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What should be done when cancelling an observed WWA?
What should be done when cancelling an observed WWA?
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What should be used when the WWA notification system is inoperable?
What should be used when the WWA notification system is inoperable?
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What is the primary purpose of WF/Dets?
What is the primary purpose of WF/Dets?
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What is the purpose of the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC)?
What is the purpose of the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC)?
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What is the purpose of providing direct weather support to Group 3-5 RPA?
What is the purpose of providing direct weather support to Group 3-5 RPA?
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What is the purpose of Chapter 6 in relation to RPA support?
What is the purpose of Chapter 6 in relation to RPA support?
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What is the purpose of WF/Dets conducting weather integration and MEFP?
What is the purpose of WF/Dets conducting weather integration and MEFP?
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What is the purpose of JTWC reports?
What is the purpose of JTWC reports?
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What is the primary purpose of WF/Dets in relation to mission execution?
What is the primary purpose of WF/Dets in relation to mission execution?
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What is the purpose of WF/Dets in relation to parent/host units?
What is the purpose of WF/Dets in relation to parent/host units?
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What is the primary purpose of the 23 SOWS providing centralized weather analysis and forecasting products?
What is the primary purpose of the 23 SOWS providing centralized weather analysis and forecasting products?
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Which unit is responsible for providing weather reconnaissance aircraft and crews in support of CCMD requirements?
Which unit is responsible for providing weather reconnaissance aircraft and crews in support of CCMD requirements?
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What is the purpose of coordinating deployment posturing, logistic requirements, and readiness exercise support?
What is the purpose of coordinating deployment posturing, logistic requirements, and readiness exercise support?
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What is the purpose of the 23 SOWS providing weather support to AFSOC Special Operations Task Groups?
What is the purpose of the 23 SOWS providing weather support to AFSOC Special Operations Task Groups?
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What is the purpose of the Weather Functional Area Prioritization and Sequencing Guide?
What is the purpose of the Weather Functional Area Prioritization and Sequencing Guide?
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What is the purpose of the 53d Weather Reconnaissance Squadron?
What is the purpose of the 53d Weather Reconnaissance Squadron?
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What is the purpose of the 23 SOWS providing Installation and Airfield Weather services?
What is the purpose of the 23 SOWS providing Installation and Airfield Weather services?
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What is the purpose of the 23 SOWS providing Aviation Weather Forecasting services?
What is the purpose of the 23 SOWS providing Aviation Weather Forecasting services?
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What is the primary responsibility of the AFWWS as the Principle Operational Test Organization?
What is the primary responsibility of the AFWWS as the Principle Operational Test Organization?
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What is the purpose of the 2.3.15 capability?
What is the purpose of the 2.3.15 capability?
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What is the purpose of the 2.3.17 capability?
What is the purpose of the 2.3.17 capability?
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What is the purpose of the 2.3.18 capability?
What is the purpose of the 2.3.18 capability?
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What is the role of the Sponsored Projects Officer (SPO) for SEON?
What is the role of the Sponsored Projects Officer (SPO) for SEON?
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What is the purpose of the 2.3.14 capability?
What is the purpose of the 2.3.14 capability?
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What is the purpose of the 2.3.16 capability?
What is the purpose of the 2.3.16 capability?
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What is the purpose of the AFWWS as described in 2.3.13?
What is the purpose of the AFWWS as described in 2.3.13?
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Which organization is identified as the lead federal agency for DSCA missions?
Which organization is identified as the lead federal agency for DSCA missions?
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What is the primary purpose of the 53d WRS supporting other outside agency missions?
What is the primary purpose of the 53d WRS supporting other outside agency missions?
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Who is responsible for planning, organizing, and coordinating all WR DSCA activities?
Who is responsible for planning, organizing, and coordinating all WR DSCA activities?
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What is the purpose of the WR Plan of the Day (POD)?
What is the purpose of the WR Plan of the Day (POD)?
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Who is responsible for conducting weather integration and MEFP?
Who is responsible for conducting weather integration and MEFP?
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What is the authority under which DSCA operations are conducted?
What is the authority under which DSCA operations are conducted?
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Who is the force provider of WR forces?
Who is the force provider of WR forces?
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How should requests for support be submitted for vetting?
How should requests for support be submitted for vetting?
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What is the typical area affected by warnings for Military Operating Areas?
What is the typical area affected by warnings for Military Operating Areas?
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What should be included in warnings and advisories, according to the guidance?
What should be included in warnings and advisories, according to the guidance?
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How much prior notice should be given for watches issued for lightning?
How much prior notice should be given for watches issued for lightning?
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What should be done when a WWA is no longer applicable?
What should be done when a WWA is no longer applicable?
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How many weather forecast warnings or advisories should be issued for the same criteria at any given time?
How many weather forecast warnings or advisories should be issued for the same criteria at any given time?
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What is the purpose of documenting deviations in supported agency data pages or applicable plans or instructions?
What is the purpose of documenting deviations in supported agency data pages or applicable plans or instructions?
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What is the relationship between a watch and a warning?
What is the relationship between a watch and a warning?
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When should a completely new warning or advisory be issued?
When should a completely new warning or advisory be issued?
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What type of reports can be used to verify warnings and advisories when unit leadership determines they are credible?
What type of reports can be used to verify warnings and advisories when unit leadership determines they are credible?
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Who serves as the approval authority for subjective verification of weather events?
Who serves as the approval authority for subjective verification of weather events?
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How should severe thunderstorm and moderate thunderstorm warnings be verified?
How should severe thunderstorm and moderate thunderstorm warnings be verified?
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What is the responsibility of unit leadership when using subjective verification?
What is the responsibility of unit leadership when using subjective verification?
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Why should each phenomenon be verified separately?
Why should each phenomenon be verified separately?
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What type of data can be used for evaluating and verifying WWA products?
What type of data can be used for evaluating and verifying WWA products?
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When should subjective analysis of available data be used?
When should subjective analysis of available data be used?
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What is the typical radius of the area affected by warnings?
What is the typical radius of the area affected by warnings?
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What should be included in warnings and advisories according to local support agreements?
What should be included in warnings and advisories according to local support agreements?
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What is the purpose of verifying warnings and advisories?
What is the purpose of verifying warnings and advisories?
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How much prior notice should be given for lightning watches?
How much prior notice should be given for lightning watches?
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What should be done when a WWA is no longer applicable?
What should be done when a WWA is no longer applicable?
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How many weather forecast warnings or advisories should be issued for the same criteria at any given time?
How many weather forecast warnings or advisories should be issued for the same criteria at any given time?
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What is the purpose of documenting deviations in supported agency data pages or applicable plans or instructions?
What is the purpose of documenting deviations in supported agency data pages or applicable plans or instructions?
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When should a lightning watch be issued?
When should a lightning watch be issued?
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What is the relationship between a watch and a warning?
What is the relationship between a watch and a warning?
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What is the primary purpose of providing input to the development of support concepts, CONOPS, and weather tactics, techniques, and procedures?
What is the primary purpose of providing input to the development of support concepts, CONOPS, and weather tactics, techniques, and procedures?
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What is the role of Radar, Airfield, and Weather Systems (RAWS) work centers?
What is the role of Radar, Airfield, and Weather Systems (RAWS) work centers?
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What is the purpose of completing initial and continuation training?
What is the purpose of completing initial and continuation training?
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What is the responsibility of units assigned weather equipment?
What is the responsibility of units assigned weather equipment?
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What is the purpose of serving as a Subject Matter Expert (SME) to the Sponsor Point of Contact and Technical Point of Contact (TPOC)?
What is the purpose of serving as a Subject Matter Expert (SME) to the Sponsor Point of Contact and Technical Point of Contact (TPOC)?
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What is the purpose of reporting outages and maintenance actions on equipment not maintained by RAWS work centers?
What is the purpose of reporting outages and maintenance actions on equipment not maintained by RAWS work centers?
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What is the role of Weather units in relation to maintenance responsibility?
What is the role of Weather units in relation to maintenance responsibility?
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What is the purpose of providing input to development of weather tactics, techniques, and procedures?
What is the purpose of providing input to development of weather tactics, techniques, and procedures?
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What is the purpose of verifying heavy snow warnings using manually observed snowfall totals?
What is the purpose of verifying heavy snow warnings using manually observed snowfall totals?
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What should be collected during the valid period of a heavy snow warning?
What should be collected during the valid period of a heavy snow warning?
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Why is weather radar data unreliable for determining snowfall?
Why is weather radar data unreliable for determining snowfall?
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What is the purpose of using accumulated reports of 6-hourly, 12-hourly, or summary of the day during the valid period of a heavy snow warning?
What is the purpose of using accumulated reports of 6-hourly, 12-hourly, or summary of the day during the valid period of a heavy snow warning?
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What should be done when a heavy snow warning does not verify by other means?
What should be done when a heavy snow warning does not verify by other means?
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What is the purpose of converting one-hour liquid precipitation measurements into hourly snow equivalent?
What is the purpose of converting one-hour liquid precipitation measurements into hourly snow equivalent?
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Why is it necessary to verify radar-generated precipitation products for accuracy?
Why is it necessary to verify radar-generated precipitation products for accuracy?
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What is the purpose of collecting one-hour amounts reported by the airfield observing system commencing with the hour that the warning was issued?
What is the purpose of collecting one-hour amounts reported by the airfield observing system commencing with the hour that the warning was issued?
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What is the primary purpose of determining the CWP format, content, delivery method/times, and amendment criteria?
What is the primary purpose of determining the CWP format, content, delivery method/times, and amendment criteria?
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What is the purpose of coordinating CWP issue times and delivery methods with the supported C2 element and supporting weather organizations involved in the mission?
What is the purpose of coordinating CWP issue times and delivery methods with the supported C2 element and supporting weather organizations involved in the mission?
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What is the role of the weather unit in a Joint Mission, according to Table 4.3?
What is the role of the weather unit in a Joint Mission, according to Table 4.3?
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What is the purpose of METWATCHing the CWP and amending it as required based on mission critical weather thresholds?
What is the purpose of METWATCHing the CWP and amending it as required based on mission critical weather thresholds?
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What is the typical role of the weather unit providing weather support to the Air Refueling (Training) mission?
What is the typical role of the weather unit providing weather support to the Air Refueling (Training) mission?
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What is the purpose of determining the LWU Rule Type of Mission?
What is the purpose of determining the LWU Rule Type of Mission?
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What is the role of the weather unit in a Global Reach mission, according to Table 4.3?
What is the role of the weather unit in a Global Reach mission, according to Table 4.3?
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What is the purpose of coordinating with supporting weather organizations to METWATCH the CWP and amend it as required?
What is the purpose of coordinating with supporting weather organizations to METWATCH the CWP and amend it as required?
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What is the purpose of clearly stating how amended, extended, or cancelled WWAs affects other issued notices for the same criteria?
What is the purpose of clearly stating how amended, extended, or cancelled WWAs affects other issued notices for the same criteria?
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When should lightning watches be canceled?
When should lightning watches be canceled?
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What is the purpose of notifying ATC and C2 authorities when the WWA notification system is inoperable?
What is the purpose of notifying ATC and C2 authorities when the WWA notification system is inoperable?
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What happens when a WWA is upgraded or downgraded?
What happens when a WWA is upgraded or downgraded?
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What is the typical scenario in which watches may be issued for an area larger than the corresponding warning?
What is the typical scenario in which watches may be issued for an area larger than the corresponding warning?
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What is the purpose of cancelling WWAs when conditions are no longer occurring and are not expected to reoccur within the DLT of the WWA?
What is the purpose of cancelling WWAs when conditions are no longer occurring and are not expected to reoccur within the DLT of the WWA?
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What should be done when a WWA is no longer applicable?
What should be done when a WWA is no longer applicable?
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What is the purpose of documenting deviations in supported agency data pages or applicable plans or instructions?
What is the purpose of documenting deviations in supported agency data pages or applicable plans or instructions?
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What is the primary purpose of the MISSIONWATCH process?
What is the primary purpose of the MISSIONWATCH process?
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Who is responsible for coordinating airfield weather services support responsibilities when weather organizations supporting flying organizations from multiple Services are located at a base?
Who is responsible for coordinating airfield weather services support responsibilities when weather organizations supporting flying organizations from multiple Services are located at a base?
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What is the purpose of units responsible for airfield observation preparing and disseminating routine, local, and special weather observations?
What is the purpose of units responsible for airfield observation preparing and disseminating routine, local, and special weather observations?
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What is the purpose of the 557 WW and/or LWU in relation to locally issued WWAs?
What is the purpose of the 557 WW and/or LWU in relation to locally issued WWAs?
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What is the purpose of informing the issuing weather unit when WPs do not accurately reflect observed conditions and may impact mission execution?
What is the purpose of informing the issuing weather unit when WPs do not accurately reflect observed conditions and may impact mission execution?
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What is the primary purpose of weather units developing procedures to determine critical thresholds requiring intensified MISSIONWATCH?
What is the primary purpose of weather units developing procedures to determine critical thresholds requiring intensified MISSIONWATCH?
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What is the purpose of weather units employing sound RM techniques to assign risk, allocate resources, and direct activities to conduct MISSIONWATCH?
What is the purpose of weather units employing sound RM techniques to assign risk, allocate resources, and direct activities to conduct MISSIONWATCH?
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What is the primary purpose of weather units maintaining a MISSIONWATCH tailored to the mission(s) of the day?
What is the primary purpose of weather units maintaining a MISSIONWATCH tailored to the mission(s) of the day?
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What is the role of the Security Controls Assessor Representative for AFWWS National Security System?
What is the role of the Security Controls Assessor Representative for AFWWS National Security System?
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What is the primary responsibility of the Functional Data Officer for AFWWS?
What is the primary responsibility of the Functional Data Officer for AFWWS?
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Who serves as the senior advisor to the AF Chief Data and Artificial Intelligence Office for all data matters within the weather enterprise?
Who serves as the senior advisor to the AF Chief Data and Artificial Intelligence Office for all data matters within the weather enterprise?
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What is the purpose of the AFWWS Lead in the implementation of DoD/DAF cyber policy and USCYBERCOM/AFCYBER order compliance oversight?
What is the purpose of the AFWWS Lead in the implementation of DoD/DAF cyber policy and USCYBERCOM/AFCYBER order compliance oversight?
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What is the role of the Department of Defense (DoD) lead agent for the Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) program?
What is the role of the Department of Defense (DoD) lead agent for the Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) program?
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What is the primary responsibility of the MAJCOM weather staffs?
What is the primary responsibility of the MAJCOM weather staffs?
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What is the purpose of the Functional Data Officer managing and overseeing compliance to data policies?
What is the purpose of the Functional Data Officer managing and overseeing compliance to data policies?
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What is the role of the senior advisor to the AF Chief Data and Artificial Intelligence Office for all data matters within the weather enterprise?
What is the role of the senior advisor to the AF Chief Data and Artificial Intelligence Office for all data matters within the weather enterprise?
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What is the primary source used for verifying heavy snow warnings when manual snowfall totals are not available?
What is the primary source used for verifying heavy snow warnings when manual snowfall totals are not available?
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Why is weather radar data unreliable for determining snowfall?
Why is weather radar data unreliable for determining snowfall?
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What is the purpose of collecting one-hour liquid precipitation measurements during the valid period of a heavy snow warning?
What is the purpose of collecting one-hour liquid precipitation measurements during the valid period of a heavy snow warning?
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What is the purpose of using accumulated reports of 6-hourly, 12-hourly, or summary of the day during the valid period of a heavy snow warning?
What is the purpose of using accumulated reports of 6-hourly, 12-hourly, or summary of the day during the valid period of a heavy snow warning?
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What is the purpose of verifying radar-generated precipitation products against reliable rain gauges?
What is the purpose of verifying radar-generated precipitation products against reliable rain gauges?
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What is the purpose of verifying heavy snow warnings using manually observed snowfall totals?
What is the purpose of verifying heavy snow warnings using manually observed snowfall totals?
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What is the purpose of using weather radar data in the verification of heavy snow warnings?
What is the purpose of using weather radar data in the verification of heavy snow warnings?
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What is the purpose of collecting one-hourly accumulations during the valid period of a heavy snow warning?
What is the purpose of collecting one-hourly accumulations during the valid period of a heavy snow warning?
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What is the primary purpose of engaging with interagency, international, industry, and academic partners?
What is the primary purpose of engaging with interagency, international, industry, and academic partners?
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What is the responsibility of the Functional Manager for officer, enlisted, and civilian career fields?
What is the responsibility of the Functional Manager for officer, enlisted, and civilian career fields?
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What is the purpose of liaising with the Department of Army HQ, Training and Doctrine Command, Army Futures Command, and Army Materiel Command?
What is the purpose of liaising with the Department of Army HQ, Training and Doctrine Command, Army Futures Command, and Army Materiel Command?
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What is the role of the Air Force Weather Weapons System (AFWWS) financial portfolio?
What is the role of the Air Force Weather Weapons System (AFWWS) financial portfolio?
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What is the purpose of leading Strategy, Design, Planning, Programming and Budget (SDPPBE) processes?
What is the purpose of leading Strategy, Design, Planning, Programming and Budget (SDPPBE) processes?
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What is the purpose of serving as a member of the Global Integrated Intelligence and Reconnaissance Council of Colonels?
What is the purpose of serving as a member of the Global Integrated Intelligence and Reconnaissance Council of Colonels?
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What is the purpose of liaising with USSF HQ, Space Operations Command (SpOC), and Space and Systems Command (SSC)?
What is the purpose of liaising with USSF HQ, Space Operations Command (SpOC), and Space and Systems Command (SSC)?
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What is the purpose of overseeing the Air Force Weather Weapons System (AFWWS) development, fielding, and sustainment?
What is the purpose of overseeing the Air Force Weather Weapons System (AFWWS) development, fielding, and sustainment?
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What is the purpose of determining best products to use for each step in the MEFP?
What is the purpose of determining best products to use for each step in the MEFP?
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What is the purpose of reviewing centrally or locally established C2 systems in the MEFP?
What is the purpose of reviewing centrally or locally established C2 systems in the MEFP?
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What is the purpose of standardizing mission/products utilized to report WP MEF Verification?
What is the purpose of standardizing mission/products utilized to report WP MEF Verification?
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What is the purpose of identifying products, frequency, and communication in the MISSIONWATCH process?
What is the purpose of identifying products, frequency, and communication in the MISSIONWATCH process?
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What is the purpose of developing feedback performance mechanisms in the MISSIONWATCH process?
What is the purpose of developing feedback performance mechanisms in the MISSIONWATCH process?
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What is the purpose of collaborating with other METOC organizations in the MEFP?
What is the purpose of collaborating with other METOC organizations in the MEFP?
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What is the purpose of establishing parameters for forecast reviews in the MISSIONWATCH process?
What is the purpose of establishing parameters for forecast reviews in the MISSIONWATCH process?
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What is the purpose of defining a methodology to incorporate analysis products, forecast techniques, and a logical, verifiable process to conduct weather operations?
What is the purpose of defining a methodology to incorporate analysis products, forecast techniques, and a logical, verifiable process to conduct weather operations?
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What is the primary role of weather personnel in supporting operations?
What is the primary role of weather personnel in supporting operations?
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According to DAFMAN 17-1203, what is the role of the DPAS Property Custodian?
According to DAFMAN 17-1203, what is the role of the DPAS Property Custodian?
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What is the purpose of weather leadership organizing personnel to support operations?
What is the purpose of weather leadership organizing personnel to support operations?
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What is the purpose of familiarizing weather personnel with the weather functional community Prioritization and Sequencing Guidance?
What is the purpose of familiarizing weather personnel with the weather functional community Prioritization and Sequencing Guidance?
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What is the purpose of integrating weather capabilities into the planning, execution, and assessment phases of operations?
What is the purpose of integrating weather capabilities into the planning, execution, and assessment phases of operations?
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What is the role of commanders in leveraging weather information?
What is the role of commanders in leveraging weather information?
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What is the purpose of weather integration into the planning, execution, and assessment phases of operations?
What is the purpose of weather integration into the planning, execution, and assessment phases of operations?
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What is the purpose of understanding all aspects of weather's effect on operations?
What is the purpose of understanding all aspects of weather's effect on operations?
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Which unit is responsible for providing weather support to the lead airlift aircraft unit?
Which unit is responsible for providing weather support to the lead airlift aircraft unit?
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What is the purpose of Control Weather Products (CWPs)?
What is the purpose of Control Weather Products (CWPs)?
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What is the role of METOC Production Centers (MPCs)?
What is the role of METOC Production Centers (MPCs)?
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What is the primary mission of ANG WFs while in IDT or Title-32 status?
What is the primary mission of ANG WFs while in IDT or Title-32 status?
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Who determines the Lead Weather Unit (LWU) for multinational operations?
Who determines the Lead Weather Unit (LWU) for multinational operations?
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What happens when units cannot agree on the Lead Weather Unit (LWU)?
What happens when units cannot agree on the Lead Weather Unit (LWU)?
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What is the primary function of the WHMO weather unit?
What is the primary function of the WHMO weather unit?
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What is the purpose of the Lead Weather Unit (LWU)?
What is the purpose of the Lead Weather Unit (LWU)?
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What is the primary role of RDT&E Mets?
What is the primary role of RDT&E Mets?
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What is the purpose of ANG personnel training and keeping current with readiness requirements?
What is the purpose of ANG personnel training and keeping current with readiness requirements?
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What is the role of the Lead Weather Unit (LWU) in relation to Control Weather Products (CWPs)?
What is the role of the Lead Weather Unit (LWU) in relation to Control Weather Products (CWPs)?
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For missions not defined in the content, who determines the Lead Weather Unit (LWU)?
For missions not defined in the content, who determines the Lead Weather Unit (LWU)?
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What is the purpose of WHMO weather unit's mission specific forecasts?
What is the purpose of WHMO weather unit's mission specific forecasts?
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What is the primary responsibility of RDT&E Mets during the acquisition lifecycle?
What is the primary responsibility of RDT&E Mets during the acquisition lifecycle?
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What is the primary reason for ANG personnel to support rotational taskings on a volunteer basis?
What is the primary reason for ANG personnel to support rotational taskings on a volunteer basis?
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What is the primary purpose of ANG personnel training to the same level as their RegAF counterparts?
What is the primary purpose of ANG personnel training to the same level as their RegAF counterparts?
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What is the primary responsibility of the WR DSCA operations?
What is the primary responsibility of the WR DSCA operations?
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What is the primary function of the AOC WSTs?
What is the primary function of the AOC WSTs?
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What is the role of the ACC AOS/WX?
What is the role of the ACC AOS/WX?
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What is the purpose of the AOC WSTs' 4-D picture of the battlespace?
What is the purpose of the AOC WSTs' 4-D picture of the battlespace?
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What is the role of the WR DSCA in supporting data collection and dissemination operations?
What is the role of the WR DSCA in supporting data collection and dissemination operations?
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What is the primary responsibility of the AOC WSTs in supporting weather operations?
What is the primary responsibility of the AOC WSTs in supporting weather operations?
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What is the role of the WR DSCA in supporting air component operations?
What is the role of the WR DSCA in supporting air component operations?
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What is the primary function of the ACC AOS/WX in supporting air operations?
What is the primary function of the ACC AOS/WX in supporting air operations?
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What is the responsibility of the Department of Defense lead agent for the Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) program?
What is the responsibility of the Department of Defense lead agent for the Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) program?
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What is the role of the Functional Data Officer?
What is the role of the Functional Data Officer?
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What is the purpose of the Major Command (MAJCOM) weather staffs?
What is the purpose of the Major Command (MAJCOM) weather staffs?
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What is the responsibility of the AFWWS Lead in the implementation of DoD/DAF cyber policy and USCYBERCOM/AFCYBER order compliance oversight?
What is the responsibility of the AFWWS Lead in the implementation of DoD/DAF cyber policy and USCYBERCOM/AFCYBER order compliance oversight?
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What is the role of the Senior Advisor to the AF Chief Data and Artificial Intelligence Office?
What is the role of the Senior Advisor to the AF Chief Data and Artificial Intelligence Office?
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What is the purpose of the Weather Data Steward according to DAFI 90-302?
What is the purpose of the Weather Data Steward according to DAFI 90-302?
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What is the primary responsibility of the Air Force Operations Group (AFOG) Weather Branch?
What is the primary responsibility of the Air Force Operations Group (AFOG) Weather Branch?
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What is the purpose of the AFWWS National Security System?
What is the purpose of the AFWWS National Security System?
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What is the primary purpose of weather personnel understanding all aspects of weather's effect on operations?
What is the primary purpose of weather personnel understanding all aspects of weather's effect on operations?
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What is the role of the DPAS Property Custodian according to DAFMAN 17-1203?
What is the role of the DPAS Property Custodian according to DAFMAN 17-1203?
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What is the purpose of weather leadership organizing personnel to support operations?
What is the purpose of weather leadership organizing personnel to support operations?
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What is the purpose of familiarizing weather personnel with the weather functional community Prioritization and Sequencing Guidance?
What is the purpose of familiarizing weather personnel with the weather functional community Prioritization and Sequencing Guidance?
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What is the purpose of the weather supplement to the War Mobilization Plan?
What is the purpose of the weather supplement to the War Mobilization Plan?
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What is the primary role of commanders in leveraging weather information?
What is the primary role of commanders in leveraging weather information?
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What is the purpose of pattern duties at home station?
What is the purpose of pattern duties at home station?
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What guidance is provided in DAFI 21-103?
What guidance is provided in DAFI 21-103?
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What is the primary agency responsible for leading DSCA missions supported by the 53d WRS?
What is the primary agency responsible for leading DSCA missions supported by the 53d WRS?
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What type of operations are conducted under the tactical control of either USNORTHCOM or USINDOPACOM?
What type of operations are conducted under the tactical control of either USNORTHCOM or USINDOPACOM?
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What is the purpose of the CARCAH role in DSCA operations?
What is the purpose of the CARCAH role in DSCA operations?
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What is the validated and approved RFA for WR DSCA operations?
What is the validated and approved RFA for WR DSCA operations?
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What is the purpose of supporting DoD missions?
What is the purpose of supporting DoD missions?
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What is the forecast category for an airfield with a ceiling of 1800ft and a visibility of 3500M?
What is the forecast category for an airfield with a ceiling of 1800ft and a visibility of 3500M?
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Under what conditions does an aircrew need to file for an alternate airfield?
Under what conditions does an aircrew need to file for an alternate airfield?
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Who is the force provider of WR forces for DSCA missions?
Who is the force provider of WR forces for DSCA missions?
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What is the purpose of supporting other outside agency missions?
What is the purpose of supporting other outside agency missions?
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What is the visibility requirement for an airfield to qualify as an alternate when filing a flight plan?
What is the visibility requirement for an airfield to qualify as an alternate when filing a flight plan?
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What is the requirement for agencies requesting WR capabilities outside of the DoD?
What is the requirement for agencies requesting WR capabilities outside of the DoD?
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What is the category of an airfield with a ceiling of 1500ft and a visibility of 4800M?
What is the category of an airfield with a ceiling of 1500ft and a visibility of 4800M?
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What is the lowest published landing minimum that determines the category of an airfield?
What is the lowest published landing minimum that determines the category of an airfield?
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What is the source of the regulation for airfield ceiling and visibility specifications?
What is the source of the regulation for airfield ceiling and visibility specifications?
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What is the purpose of documenting substitutions in local support plans and operating procedures?
What is the purpose of documenting substitutions in local support plans and operating procedures?
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What is the category of an airfield with a ceiling of less than the lowest published landing minimum?
What is the category of an airfield with a ceiling of less than the lowest published landing minimum?
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What should be used to verify heavy snow warnings in the absence of manual snowfall totals?
What should be used to verify heavy snow warnings in the absence of manual snowfall totals?
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Why is using radar data unreliable for determining snowfall?
Why is using radar data unreliable for determining snowfall?
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What is the purpose of collecting one-hourly accumulations during the valid period of a heavy snow warning?
What is the purpose of collecting one-hourly accumulations during the valid period of a heavy snow warning?
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What is used to subjectively evaluate heavy snowfall warnings?
What is used to subjectively evaluate heavy snowfall warnings?
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What is used to estimate actual time of occurrence based on interpolations?
What is used to estimate actual time of occurrence based on interpolations?
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What is the source of reliable rain gauges?
What is the source of reliable rain gauges?
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What is the purpose of verifying heavy snow warnings?
What is the purpose of verifying heavy snow warnings?
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What is entered into the verification database?
What is entered into the verification database?
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What is the primary role of the Air Force Director of Weather?
What is the primary role of the Air Force Director of Weather?
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What is the purpose of the Air Force Director of Weather providing guidance and developing doctrine, policy, and standards?
What is the purpose of the Air Force Director of Weather providing guidance and developing doctrine, policy, and standards?
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What is the role of the Air Force Director of Weather as the Functional Area Manager (FAM) for the Air Force Weather (AFW) enterprise?
What is the role of the Air Force Director of Weather as the Functional Area Manager (FAM) for the Air Force Weather (AFW) enterprise?
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What is the purpose of the Air Force Director of Weather developing, coordinating, and approving interservice, intra-service, interagency, and international support agreements?
What is the purpose of the Air Force Director of Weather developing, coordinating, and approving interservice, intra-service, interagency, and international support agreements?
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What is the role of the Air Force Director of Weather in evaluating the effectiveness and readiness of weather forces?
What is the role of the Air Force Director of Weather in evaluating the effectiveness and readiness of weather forces?
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What is the purpose of the Air Force Director of Weather providing policies and procedures to measure and evaluate the operational effectiveness and technical performance of selected atmospheric and space environmental weather products?
What is the purpose of the Air Force Director of Weather providing policies and procedures to measure and evaluate the operational effectiveness and technical performance of selected atmospheric and space environmental weather products?
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What is the role of the Air Force Director of Weather in developing and implementing mid- and long-range strategy and vision for the organization?
What is the role of the Air Force Director of Weather in developing and implementing mid- and long-range strategy and vision for the organization?
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What is the primary responsibility of the Air Force Director of Weather as an advocate for all weather requirements?
What is the primary responsibility of the Air Force Director of Weather as an advocate for all weather requirements?
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What determines the forecast category?
What determines the forecast category?
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What is the purpose of weather organizations performing local area METWATCH?
What is the purpose of weather organizations performing local area METWATCH?
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What is the exception for WF/Dets issuing WWAs for ANG/ARNG dual-use military/civilian airfields?
What is the exception for WF/Dets issuing WWAs for ANG/ARNG dual-use military/civilian airfields?
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What is the purpose of WF/Dets attempting to develop or arrange alternative solutions for limited-duty locations?
What is the purpose of WF/Dets attempting to develop or arrange alternative solutions for limited-duty locations?
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What is the substitute for Category A minima in DAF operations?
What is the substitute for Category A minima in DAF operations?
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What is the reason for WF/Dets coordinating with their applicable component SWO or MAJCOM functional?
What is the reason for WF/Dets coordinating with their applicable component SWO or MAJCOM functional?
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What is the purpose of WF/Dets issuing WWAs for their host installation/aerodrome complex?
What is the purpose of WF/Dets issuing WWAs for their host installation/aerodrome complex?
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What is the exception for substituting 5000M and 3000M for 4800M and 3200M respectively?
What is the exception for substituting 5000M and 3000M for 4800M and 3200M respectively?
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What is the default desired lead-time for units if the supported organization does not specify a minimum?
What is the default desired lead-time for units if the supported organization does not specify a minimum?
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What is the purpose of ensuring horizontal consistency with TAF and other forecast products?
What is the purpose of ensuring horizontal consistency with TAF and other forecast products?
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Under what circumstances may watches be issued for an area larger than the corresponding warning?
Under what circumstances may watches be issued for an area larger than the corresponding warning?
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What is the purpose of issuing WWAs in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and/or Local Time?
What is the purpose of issuing WWAs in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and/or Local Time?
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When should the ending valid time be used for observed WWAs?
When should the ending valid time be used for observed WWAs?
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What is the primary reason for notifying the 557 WW and/or LWU if their products are inconsistent with locally issued WWAs?
What is the primary reason for notifying the 557 WW and/or LWU if their products are inconsistent with locally issued WWAs?
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What is the primary reason for specifying the area affected when issuing WWAs?
What is the primary reason for specifying the area affected when issuing WWAs?
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What should be done when a WWA is no longer applicable?
What should be done when a WWA is no longer applicable?
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What is the primary purpose of issuing WWAs in a standard format and numbering scheme?
What is the primary purpose of issuing WWAs in a standard format and numbering scheme?
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When should a completely new warning or advisory be issued?
When should a completely new warning or advisory be issued?
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What should be done when canceling a lightning watch?
What should be done when canceling a lightning watch?
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How should amended, extended, or cancelled WWAs affect other issued notices for the same criteria?
How should amended, extended, or cancelled WWAs affect other issued notices for the same criteria?
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When should a watch, warning, and observed advisory be valid at the same time for different thresholds of the same criteria?
When should a watch, warning, and observed advisory be valid at the same time for different thresholds of the same criteria?
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What should be done when the WWA notification system is inoperable?
What should be done when the WWA notification system is inoperable?
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What should be done when upgrading or downgrading WWAs?
What should be done when upgrading or downgrading WWAs?
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What is the primary objective of METWATCH?
What is the primary objective of METWATCH?
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When should observed WWAs be canceled?
When should observed WWAs be canceled?
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What is the primary purpose of the METWATCH process?
What is the primary purpose of the METWATCH process?
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What is the primary focus of the MISSIONWATCH process?
What is the primary focus of the MISSIONWATCH process?
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What is the primary goal of establishing and maintaining a prioritized threat-based METWATCH process?
What is the primary goal of establishing and maintaining a prioritized threat-based METWATCH process?
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What is the primary purpose of amending forecasts based on specification and amendment criteria?
What is the primary purpose of amending forecasts based on specification and amendment criteria?
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What is the primary purpose of identifying primary METWATCH data sources?
What is the primary purpose of identifying primary METWATCH data sources?
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What is the primary purpose of outlining the actions to take when forecast conditions change during the METWATCH?
What is the primary purpose of outlining the actions to take when forecast conditions change during the METWATCH?
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What is the primary purpose of identifying WPs and services affected by unexpected changes to forecast conditions?
What is the primary purpose of identifying WPs and services affected by unexpected changes to forecast conditions?
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What is the basis for the 30-minute desired lead-time in verifying a lightning watch?
What is the basis for the 30-minute desired lead-time in verifying a lightning watch?
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How are heavy rain warnings specifying an accumulation in a specified time period verified?
How are heavy rain warnings specifying an accumulation in a specified time period verified?
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What is used to supplement direct measurements from a rain gauge in verifying precipitation accumulation warnings?
What is used to supplement direct measurements from a rain gauge in verifying precipitation accumulation warnings?
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How are heavy precipitation warnings verified when airfield observing system data is not available?
How are heavy precipitation warnings verified when airfield observing system data is not available?
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What is used to estimate the actual time of occurrence in verifying heavy rain warnings?
What is used to estimate the actual time of occurrence in verifying heavy rain warnings?
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What is the purpose of collecting one-hourly accumulations during the valid period of the warning?
What is the purpose of collecting one-hourly accumulations during the valid period of the warning?
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What is used to verify lightning watches?
What is used to verify lightning watches?
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What is the purpose of verifying heavy precipitation warnings?
What is the purpose of verifying heavy precipitation warnings?
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What is used to verify heavy rain warnings specifying an accumulation in a specified time period?
What is used to verify heavy rain warnings specifying an accumulation in a specified time period?
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What is the purpose of verifying warnings?
What is the purpose of verifying warnings?
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Who is responsible for providing RP to supported units?
Who is responsible for providing RP to supported units?
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What is the purpose of coordinating annually with each supported unit?
What is the purpose of coordinating annually with each supported unit?
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Which unit is responsible for providing WF/Det to Charleston IAP/JB Charleston AFB?
Which unit is responsible for providing WF/Det to Charleston IAP/JB Charleston AFB?
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What is the purpose of maintaining documented WWA thresholds, desired lead time (DLT), and mission impacts?
What is the purpose of maintaining documented WWA thresholds, desired lead time (DLT), and mission impacts?
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Who is responsible for providing WF/Det to Colorado Springs Municipal Airport/Peterson AFB?
Who is responsible for providing WF/Det to Colorado Springs Municipal Airport/Peterson AFB?
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What is the purpose of coordinating with each supported unit annually?
What is the purpose of coordinating with each supported unit annually?
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Who is responsible for providing RP to Wichita Falls Regional Airport/Sheppard AFB?
Who is responsible for providing RP to Wichita Falls Regional Airport/Sheppard AFB?
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What is the purpose of documenting WWA thresholds, desired lead time (DLT), and mission impacts?
What is the purpose of documenting WWA thresholds, desired lead time (DLT), and mission impacts?
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Who is responsible for providing WF/Det to Albuquerque International Sunport Airport/Kirtland AFB?
Who is responsible for providing WF/Det to Albuquerque International Sunport Airport/Kirtland AFB?
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What is the purpose of maintaining documented WWA thresholds, desired lead time (DLT), and mission impacts?
What is the purpose of maintaining documented WWA thresholds, desired lead time (DLT), and mission impacts?
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What is the criterion for issuing a Forecast Weather Advisory when altimeter setting is involved?
What is the criterion for issuing a Forecast Weather Advisory when altimeter setting is involved?
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What is the criterion for issuing a Forecast Weather Advisory when thunderstorms are involved?
What is the criterion for issuing a Forecast Weather Advisory when thunderstorms are involved?
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What is the criterion for issuing a Forecast Weather Advisory when forecast conditions become temporary?
What is the criterion for issuing a Forecast Weather Advisory when forecast conditions become temporary?
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What is the criterion for issuing a Forecast Weather Advisory when changes to predominant conditions occur?
What is the criterion for issuing a Forecast Weather Advisory when changes to predominant conditions occur?
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What is the criterion for issuing a Forecast Weather Advisory when representative conditions are not met?
What is the criterion for issuing a Forecast Weather Advisory when representative conditions are not met?
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What is the purpose of amending the forecast when representative conditions are not met?
What is the purpose of amending the forecast when representative conditions are not met?
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What is the criterion for issuing a Forecast Weather Advisory when weather conditions are no longer expected to occur?
What is the criterion for issuing a Forecast Weather Advisory when weather conditions are no longer expected to occur?
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What is the criterion for issuing a Forecast Weather Advisory when weather conditions occur or are expected to occur?
What is the criterion for issuing a Forecast Weather Advisory when weather conditions occur or are expected to occur?
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What is the criterion for issuing a Forecast Weather Advisory when altimeter setting changes?
What is the criterion for issuing a Forecast Weather Advisory when altimeter setting changes?
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What is the criterion for issuing a Forecast Weather Advisory when incorrect forecast start or end time occurs?
What is the criterion for issuing a Forecast Weather Advisory when incorrect forecast start or end time occurs?
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What is the default minimum desired lead-time for units if the supported organization does not specify a minimum?
What is the default minimum desired lead-time for units if the supported organization does not specify a minimum?
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What is the primary purpose of ensuring horizontal consistency with TAF and other forecast products?
What is the primary purpose of ensuring horizontal consistency with TAF and other forecast products?
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When should a separate valid time be used for each criterion in WWAs?
When should a separate valid time be used for each criterion in WWAs?
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What is the primary reason for issuing WWAs in a standard format and numbering scheme?
What is the primary reason for issuing WWAs in a standard format and numbering scheme?
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Why may watches be issued for an area larger than the corresponding warning?
Why may watches be issued for an area larger than the corresponding warning?
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What is the primary purpose of notifying the 557 WW and/or LWU if their products are inconsistent with locally issued WWAs?
What is the primary purpose of notifying the 557 WW and/or LWU if their products are inconsistent with locally issued WWAs?
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Why are WWAs issued in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and/or Local Time?
Why are WWAs issued in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and/or Local Time?
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What is the primary reason for specifying the area affected when issuing WWAs?
What is the primary reason for specifying the area affected when issuing WWAs?
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What should be done when a WWA is no longer applicable?
What should be done when a WWA is no longer applicable?
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What is the primary reason for maximizing the use of watches within their affected area of operations?
What is the primary reason for maximizing the use of watches within their affected area of operations?
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What is the primary purpose of a TAF?
What is the primary purpose of a TAF?
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Who is responsible for producing, disseminating, amending, and verifying TAFs during published ATC hours of operation?
Who is responsible for producing, disseminating, amending, and verifying TAFs during published ATC hours of operation?
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What is the purpose of employing risk management practices when using model-based automated aerodrome forecasts?
What is the purpose of employing risk management practices when using model-based automated aerodrome forecasts?
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What is the purpose of developing a TAF production cycle for locations and coordinating TAF issue times with supported units?
What is the purpose of developing a TAF production cycle for locations and coordinating TAF issue times with supported units?
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What is the primary purpose of the 557 WW?
What is the primary purpose of the 557 WW?
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What is the purpose of producing TAFs for exercises, contingencies, or defense support to civil authority?
What is the purpose of producing TAFs for exercises, contingencies, or defense support to civil authority?
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What is the purpose of using automated aerodrome forecasts as a tool to create first-look TAF products?
What is the purpose of using automated aerodrome forecasts as a tool to create first-look TAF products?
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Who is responsible for producing, disseminating, amending, and verifying TAFs during published ATC hours of operation or as required for airfields?
Who is responsible for producing, disseminating, amending, and verifying TAFs during published ATC hours of operation or as required for airfields?
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What is the purpose of employing risk management practices when using model-based automated aerodrome forecasts?
What is the purpose of employing risk management practices when using model-based automated aerodrome forecasts?
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What is the purpose of developing a TAF production cycle for locations and coordinating TAF issue times with supported units?
What is the purpose of developing a TAF production cycle for locations and coordinating TAF issue times with supported units?
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What determines the forecast category?
What determines the forecast category?
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Where may 5000M and 3000M be substituted for 4800M and 3200M respectively?
Where may 5000M and 3000M be substituted for 4800M and 3200M respectively?
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What is the purpose of WF/Dets issuing WWAs?
What is the purpose of WF/Dets issuing WWAs?
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What organization performs local area METWATCH and produces, disseminates, amends, and verifies WWAs?
What organization performs local area METWATCH and produces, disseminates, amends, and verifies WWAs?
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What is substituted for Category A minima in DAF operations?
What is substituted for Category A minima in DAF operations?
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What is the purpose of WF/Dets attempting to develop or arrange alternative solutions for limited-duty locations?
What is the purpose of WF/Dets attempting to develop or arrange alternative solutions for limited-duty locations?
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What is the purpose of WF/Dets coordinating with their applicable component SWO or MAJCOM functional?
What is the purpose of WF/Dets coordinating with their applicable component SWO or MAJCOM functional?
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What is the purpose of WF/Dets issuing WWAs for their host installation/aerodrome complex and supported parent/tenant unit missions and resources?
What is the purpose of WF/Dets issuing WWAs for their host installation/aerodrome complex and supported parent/tenant unit missions and resources?
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What is the purpose of WF/Dets documenting WWA support for ANG/ARNG dual-use military/civilian airfields?
What is the purpose of WF/Dets documenting WWA support for ANG/ARNG dual-use military/civilian airfields?
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What is the purpose of the weather organizations listed in 5.4?
What is the purpose of the weather organizations listed in 5.4?
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When a WF/Det cannot provide a solution, what should WF/Det leadership do?
When a WF/Det cannot provide a solution, what should WF/Det leadership do?
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Who produces, issues, amends, and verifies WWAs for DAF or Army locations?
Who produces, issues, amends, and verifies WWAs for DAF or Army locations?
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What is documented in the WSD and/or IDP?
What is documented in the WSD and/or IDP?
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Who documents host/parent unit requirements for NOAA flash flood warnings?
Who documents host/parent unit requirements for NOAA flash flood warnings?
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What is produced, issued, amended, and verified for ANG-managed locations?
What is produced, issued, amended, and verified for ANG-managed locations?
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What is used to establish RP recall/backup procedures?
What is used to establish RP recall/backup procedures?
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Who coordinates and documents requirements and dissemination processes with the 557 WW?
Who coordinates and documents requirements and dissemination processes with the 557 WW?
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What type of locations are staffed by U.S.C. Title 5 and contracted personnel?
What type of locations are staffed by U.S.C. Title 5 and contracted personnel?
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What is produced, disseminated, and amended for adversary point, aerodrome complexes and military operating areas?
What is produced, disseminated, and amended for adversary point, aerodrome complexes and military operating areas?
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Who produces, issues, amends, and verifies WWAs for emergency, contingency, or forward deployed operating locations?
Who produces, issues, amends, and verifies WWAs for emergency, contingency, or forward deployed operating locations?
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What is the primary purpose of maintaining operational situational awareness through active participation in operational end-users' battle rhythms?
What is the primary purpose of maintaining operational situational awareness through active participation in operational end-users' battle rhythms?
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What is the source of information on mission design series (MDS) specific aircraft operations procedures?
What is the source of information on mission design series (MDS) specific aircraft operations procedures?
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What is the purpose of coordinating with supported units, including tenant organizations, to provide or arrange for WPs?
What is the purpose of coordinating with supported units, including tenant organizations, to provide or arrange for WPs?
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What is the primary benefit of injecting environmental subject matter expertise throughout the planning, execution, and assessment phases of the continuous operations cycle?
What is the primary benefit of injecting environmental subject matter expertise throughout the planning, execution, and assessment phases of the continuous operations cycle?
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What is the purpose of understanding weather and supported unit(s) TTPs, mission essential tasks (MET), and environmental sensitivities/limitations of weapon systems and their associated missions?
What is the purpose of understanding weather and supported unit(s) TTPs, mission essential tasks (MET), and environmental sensitivities/limitations of weapon systems and their associated missions?
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What is the primary purpose of establishing and maintaining working relationships with supported organizations' key operational decision makers?
What is the primary purpose of establishing and maintaining working relationships with supported organizations' key operational decision makers?
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What is the primary benefit of participating in planning group(s), threat working group(s), mission planning, rehearsals, mission execution, battle update briefs, commanders update briefs, and operations updates?
What is the primary benefit of participating in planning group(s), threat working group(s), mission planning, rehearsals, mission execution, battle update briefs, commanders update briefs, and operations updates?
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What is the purpose of using information obtained from supported units or derived from authoritative sources?
What is the purpose of using information obtained from supported units or derived from authoritative sources?
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What is the primary purpose of injecting environmental subject matter expertise throughout the planning, execution, and assessment phases of the continuous operations cycle?
What is the primary purpose of injecting environmental subject matter expertise throughout the planning, execution, and assessment phases of the continuous operations cycle?
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What is the primary benefit of coordinating with supported units, including tenant organizations, to provide or arrange for WPs?
What is the primary benefit of coordinating with supported units, including tenant organizations, to provide or arrange for WPs?
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What is the primary function of a TAF?
What is the primary function of a TAF?
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Who is responsible for producing, disseminating, amending, and verifying TAFs at assigned DAF and Army airfields?
Who is responsible for producing, disseminating, amending, and verifying TAFs at assigned DAF and Army airfields?
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What is the purpose of employing risk management practices when using a model-based automated aerodrome forecasts?
What is the purpose of employing risk management practices when using a model-based automated aerodrome forecasts?
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What is the purpose of developing a TAF production cycle for locations?
What is the purpose of developing a TAF production cycle for locations?
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What is the role of the 557 WW in producing TAFs?
What is the role of the 557 WW in producing TAFs?
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What is the purpose of verifying TAFs?
What is the purpose of verifying TAFs?
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What is the role of AFMAN 15-124 in TAF production?
What is the role of AFMAN 15-124 in TAF production?
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What is the purpose of producing TAFs for airfields where the DAF or Army is assigned airfield weather services responsibilities and there are no weather personnel assigned?
What is the purpose of producing TAFs for airfields where the DAF or Army is assigned airfield weather services responsibilities and there are no weather personnel assigned?
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What is the purpose of amending TAFs?
What is the purpose of amending TAFs?
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What is the purpose of disseminating TAFs?
What is the purpose of disseminating TAFs?
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What will units use if the supported organization does not specify a minimum DLT?
What will units use if the supported organization does not specify a minimum DLT?
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Why should WWAs maintain horizontal consistency with TAF and other forecast products?
Why should WWAs maintain horizontal consistency with TAF and other forecast products?
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What should units do if their products are inconsistent with locally issued WWAs?
What should units do if their products are inconsistent with locally issued WWAs?
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What is the primary purpose of issuing WWAs in a standard format and numbering scheme?
What is the primary purpose of issuing WWAs in a standard format and numbering scheme?
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When should the ending valid time be used for observed WWAs?
When should the ending valid time be used for observed WWAs?
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Why is it important to specify the area affected when issuing WWAs?
Why is it important to specify the area affected when issuing WWAs?
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In what scenario may watches be issued for an area larger than the corresponding warning?
In what scenario may watches be issued for an area larger than the corresponding warning?
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What is the primary reason for issuing WWAs in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and/or Local Time?
What is the primary reason for issuing WWAs in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and/or Local Time?
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Why should units maximize the use of watches within their affected area of operations?
Why should units maximize the use of watches within their affected area of operations?
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What should be included in observed WWAs?
What should be included in observed WWAs?
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What is the ceiling requirement for an airfield to qualify as an alternate when filing a flight plan?
What is the ceiling requirement for an airfield to qualify as an alternate when filing a flight plan?
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When should an aircrew file for an alternate?
When should an aircrew file for an alternate?
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What is the visibility requirement for an airfield to be considered a suitable destination?
What is the visibility requirement for an airfield to be considered a suitable destination?
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What is the category of an airfield with a ceiling of less than 2000ft but greater than or equal to the lowest published landing minimum plus 500ft?
What is the category of an airfield with a ceiling of less than 2000ft but greater than or equal to the lowest published landing minimum plus 500ft?
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What is the purpose of using predominant conditions to determine forecast category?
What is the purpose of using predominant conditions to determine forecast category?
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What is the source of the regulation for airfield ceiling and visibility specifications?
What is the source of the regulation for airfield ceiling and visibility specifications?
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What is the category of an airfield with a ceiling of less than 1500ft but greater than or equal to the lowest published landing minimum plus 400ft?
What is the category of an airfield with a ceiling of less than 1500ft but greater than or equal to the lowest published landing minimum plus 400ft?
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What happens when an airfield does not qualify as an alternate for flight planning?
What happens when an airfield does not qualify as an alternate for flight planning?
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What is the purpose of documenting substitutions for 4800M and 1600M in local support plans and operating procedures?
What is the purpose of documenting substitutions for 4800M and 1600M in local support plans and operating procedures?
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What is the visibility requirement for an airfield to qualify as an alternate when filing a flight plan?
What is the visibility requirement for an airfield to qualify as an alternate when filing a flight plan?
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What is the purpose of clearly stating how amended, extended, or cancelled WWAs affect other issued notices for the same criteria?
What is the purpose of clearly stating how amended, extended, or cancelled WWAs affect other issued notices for the same criteria?
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When should a lightning watch be cancelled?
When should a lightning watch be cancelled?
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What is the purpose of upgrading or downgrading WWAs?
What is the purpose of upgrading or downgrading WWAs?
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What is the typical timeframe for cancelling observed WWAs?
What is the typical timeframe for cancelling observed WWAs?
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What is the purpose of notifying ATC and the C2 authority when the WWA notification system is inoperable?
What is the purpose of notifying ATC and the C2 authority when the WWA notification system is inoperable?
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What is the purpose of using a DAF Form 3807 or DAF Form 3806 when the WWA notification system is inoperable?
What is the purpose of using a DAF Form 3807 or DAF Form 3806 when the WWA notification system is inoperable?
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What is the purpose of specifying the area affected when issuing WWAs?
What is the purpose of specifying the area affected when issuing WWAs?
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What is the primary reason for issuing WWAs in a standard format and numbering scheme?
What is the primary reason for issuing WWAs in a standard format and numbering scheme?
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What is the purpose of documenting deviations in supported agency data pages or applicable plans or instructions?
What is the purpose of documenting deviations in supported agency data pages or applicable plans or instructions?
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What is the primary reason for issuing WWAs in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and/or Local Time?
What is the primary reason for issuing WWAs in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and/or Local Time?
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Which airfield has a FAA observation and NWS forecast?
Which airfield has a FAA observation and NWS forecast?
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What is the purpose of RP/WWA processes and procedures?
What is the purpose of RP/WWA processes and procedures?
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Which unit is responsible for maintaining documented WWA thresholds, desired lead time, and mission impacts?
Which unit is responsible for maintaining documented WWA thresholds, desired lead time, and mission impacts?
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What is the purpose of documenting WWA thresholds, desired lead time, and mission impacts?
What is the purpose of documenting WWA thresholds, desired lead time, and mission impacts?
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Which airfield has a WF/Det observation and WF/Det forecast?
Which airfield has a WF/Det observation and WF/Det forecast?
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What is the purpose of coordinating with each supported unit annually?
What is the purpose of coordinating with each supported unit annually?
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Which airfield has a NWS observation and WF/Det forecast?
Which airfield has a NWS observation and WF/Det forecast?
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What is the purpose of maintaining documented WWA thresholds?
What is the purpose of maintaining documented WWA thresholds?
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Which airfield has a FAA observation and OWS forecast?
Which airfield has a FAA observation and OWS forecast?
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What is the purpose of coordinating with supported units?
What is the purpose of coordinating with supported units?
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What is the primary purpose of weather units integrated with supported end-users?
What is the primary purpose of weather units integrated with supported end-users?
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What is the role of the Senior Airfield Authority (SAA) in Collocated Weather Organizations?
What is the role of the Senior Airfield Authority (SAA) in Collocated Weather Organizations?
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What is the purpose of Units responsible for the airfield observation?
What is the purpose of Units responsible for the airfield observation?
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What is the purpose of the MISSIONWATCH process?
What is the purpose of the MISSIONWATCH process?
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What is the purpose of weather units in relation to MISSIONWATCH?
What is the purpose of weather units in relation to MISSIONWATCH?
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What is the purpose of weather units in relation to critical thresholds?
What is the purpose of weather units in relation to critical thresholds?
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What is the purpose of employing sound RM techniques in MISSIONWATCH?
What is the purpose of employing sound RM techniques in MISSIONWATCH?
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What is the purpose of informing the issuing weather unit when WPs do not accurately reflect observed conditions?
What is the purpose of informing the issuing weather unit when WPs do not accurately reflect observed conditions?
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What is the purpose of weather units in relation to supported unit(s) missions?
What is the purpose of weather units in relation to supported unit(s) missions?
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What is the purpose of weather units in relation to mission execution?
What is the purpose of weather units in relation to mission execution?
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Study Notes
Deployment and Logistics
- Coordinate with local Central Issue Facility (CIF) and Rapid Fielding Initiative (RFI) provider to equip unit personnel with personal tactical/deployment equipment.
- Coordinate deployment posturing, logistic requirements, and readiness exercise support through appropriate channels.
23d Special Operations Weather Squadron (23 SOWS)
- Provides weather support tailored to meet deployed Air Force and Army Special Operations Force (AFSOF/ARSOF) mission requirements.
- Ensures horizontal consistency with other weather units within the Geographic Combatant Commands (GCC) Area of Operations.
- Provides centralized weather analysis and forecasting products, and data in support of the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment, AFSOC Special Operations Task Groups, and deployed AFSOF/ARSOF without organic support.
53d Weather Reconnaissance Squadron (WRS)
- Provides weather reconnaissance (WR) aircraft and crews, command, and control (C2), support equipment and personnel capabilities in support of CCMD requirements.
- Maintains accountability of equipment as Defense Property Accountability System (DPAS) Property Custodian.
Weather Integration, Planning, and Mission Execution Forecast Process
- Weather personnel should understand all aspects of weather's effect on operations and relay these effects to commanders at all echelons.
- Commanders leverage and integrate accurate, consistent, timely, and relevant weather information to anticipate, exploit, and mitigate weather effects and enable their situational understanding of the operational environment, decision-making, and risk management.
- Weather leadership will organize personnel to support operations that maximize the unit's ability to reliably inject the right information at the right time.
Weather Watch and Warning (WWA) Criteria
- Army Airfield Ceiling and Visibility Specification and Amendment Criteria:
- Category D: Visibility greater than or equal to 4800 meters (1500ft) and 3 statute miles.
- Category C: Visibility less than 4800 meters (1500ft) but greater than or equal to the lowest published landing minimum plus 400ft.
- Category B: Visibility less than the lowest published landing minimum plus 400ft but greater than or equal to 1600M/1SM.
- Category A: Visibility less than the lowest published airfield landing minimum.
- WWA issuance guidelines:
- Ensure WWAs maintain horizontal consistency with TAF and other forecast products.
- Notify the 557 WW and/or LWU if their products are inconsistent with locally issued WWAs.
- Maximize the use of watches within their affected area of operations until conditions warrant issuing a warning.
- Issue WWAs in a standard format and numbering scheme.
- Issue WWAs in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and/or Local Time.
- Specifically state the area affected when issuing WWAs.
- Include the maximum expected hail size, rain/snow accumulation, or wind speed as applicable in warnings and advisories.
Weather Support Planning and Management
- Provide weather inputs for developing and revising weather support plans and documents
- Engage in planning, programming, and budgeting for MAJCOM weather resources
- Coordinate with contract offices to ensure contracted weather support is defined
Weather Program Management
- Manage execution of MAJCOM weather programs
- Provide staff assistance, technical training, and technical consultant assistance to weather organizations
- Provide weather subject matter expertise to MAJCOM Inspector General and assist with evaluations
Technical Training and Data Management
- Develop and cross-feed technical training materials throughout the command
- Oversee equipment accountability and readiness reporting in authoritative databases
- Coordinate with Weather Data Stewards to establish data protection, sharing, and governance guidelines
Air Force Operations Group (AFOG) Weather Branch
- Provide global weather support to HQ DAF, HQDA, NJOIC, and other senior DoD and US government leaders
- Arrange for dissemination of local weather alerts for the Pentagon Reservation
- Tailor and integrate air, space, land, and oceanographic environmental information into situational awareness products
Contingency Response Force (CRF)
- Perform functions and responsibilities consistent with AFI 10-202, Contingency Response Forces
- Train all assigned weather personnel to support aligned ANG and/or ARNG customers upon federal mobilization
White House Military Office (WHMO) Operations
- Provide weather observations, mission-specific forecasts, watches, and warnings/advisories for White House functions and WHMO operational units
Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation Meteorologists (RDT&E Mets)
- Provide specialized air and space weather/environmental science support focused on DAF research, technology development, acquisition, and sustainment activities
Weather Forecasting Criteria
- Wind Speed: Forecast wind speed differs from predominant wind speed by > 10 knots
- Wind Gusts: Difference between observed gusts and forecast wind speed is > 10 knots
- Wind Direction: Change in wind direction is > 30 degrees when wind speed or gusts are 15 knots or greater
Icing and Turbulence Forecasting
- Forecasting criteria for icing and turbulence conditions, including thresholds for moderate or greater conditions
Weather Watch and Warning Annex (RP/WWAs)
- WF/Dets perform local area METWATCH and produce, disseminate, amend, and verify WWAs to inform key decision makers and personnel of potential and observed weather conditions that require protective actions
Weather Support for Launch and Space Operations
- Provide weather "GO/NO GO" determinations for Launch Agency constraints and Lightning Launch Commit Criteria per Space Systems Command Manual (SSCMAN) 91-710V6 and NASA-STD-4010.
- Support Human Space Flight (HSF) operations per applicable Operation Orders (OPORDs) and in coordination with the HSF JMO and United States Space Force Command (USSPACECOM) SMO as required.
Combat Weather Units Supporting Army Operations
- Train and posture forces and equipment to provide Staff Weather Officer (SWO) support to aligned ASCC, supported land force commander(s), and aligned units, both in garrison and in tactical environments.
- Perform Personnel Parachute Program Management duties for completion and documentation of personnel parachute/airborne training as defined in AFI 10-3503.
- Manage unit supply accounts and Army Modification Table of Organizational Equipment (MTOE) equipment, wherever possible, as defined in DoDI 5000.64 and DAFI 23-111.
- Support Unmanned Aircraft Operations as assigned to the Unmanned Aircraft Operational-Level C2 element.
Weather Units and Support
- Provide Joint Airborne/Air Weather unit support for airlift aircraft unit, Transportability Training, and Drop Zone operations.
- Support Landing Zones (LZ) and Land Maneuver operations with attached weather units.
- Support Special Operations weather units depending on the nature of the operation as directed by the JMO.
- Support Multinational Operations with multiple alliance/coalition METOC units following multinational doctrine and procedures ratified by the U.S.
- Support other missions not defined above, with coordination between units to determine the Lead Weather Unit (LWU).
Control Weather Products (CWPs) and METOC Production Centers (MPC)
- CWPs represent the official mission forecast and are defined by the LWU.
- All weather units supporting a mission will utilize CWPs to ensure mission forecast consistency.
- MPCs are service-retained, reach-back organizations that provide trusted METOC data and information to fulfill CCMD and component requirements.
Weather Forecast and Warning Criteria
- Weather Warning Criteria include Altimeter Setting, Thunderstorms, and Forecast Weather Advisory.
- Specific criteria for each warning category are defined in the text, including thresholds for ceiling and visibility.
Weather Watch and Warning Advisory (WWA) Procedures
- Clearly state how amended, extended, or cancelled WWAs affect any other issued notices for the same criteria.
- Cancel WWAs when conditions are no longer occurring and are not expected to reoccur within the DLT of the WWA.
- Upgrade WWAs when adding phenomena or crossing to a higher threshold, and downgrade WWAs when removing a phenomenon or crossing to a lower threshold.
- Notify ATC and the C2 authority responsible for the Installation Notification and Warning System when the WWA notification system is inoperable.
Army Airfield Ceiling and Visibility Specification and Amendment Criteria
- Specify criteria for ceiling and visibility for different categories, including Greater Than or Equal to (GTE), Less Than (LT), and lowest published landing minimum.
- Define rules for airfield weather conditions, including qualification as an alternate and suitability for arrival.
Operational Test and Evaluation
- Plan, coordinate, and accomplish operational test and evaluation as the AFWWS Principle Operational Test Organization (IAW DODI 5000.89 & DAFI 99-103, Capabilities-based Test and Evaluation)
Solar Electro-Optical Network (SEON)
- Operate and maintain SEON (Sponsored Projects Officer (SPO) for SEON, providing sustainment and maintenance of the program)
Global Merged Cloud, Snow, and Ice Analysis and Forecasts
- Provide global merged cloud, snow, and ice analysis and forecasts for the IC
Mission-Tailored Terrestrial, Electro-Magnetic Spectrum (EMS), Space Weather Analyses and Forecasts
- Provide mission-tailored terrestrial, EMS, space weather analyses and forecasts, indications, and warnings at appropriate security domains to meet documented requirements of commanders, planners, or operators and the IC
Public Weather Planning Forecasts
- Provide unclassified worldwide public weather planning forecasts to the Defense Media Agency per current support agreement
Terrestrial Weather and Climate Data
- Develop, secure, and operate applications to collect, quality control, and archive terrestrial weather and climate data to assess the state of the climate and characterize current conditions within historical context to power the unit's applied climatology mission spanning the past, present, and future climate system
Risk Assessments, Forensic Meteorological Analyses, and Climate Services
- Develop and provide risk assessments, forensic meteorological analyses, and climate services
Climate and Hydro-Climatology Services
- Provide climate and hydro-climatology services, including historical data, climate predictions, and climate projections, analysis, and analyst-in-the-loop services, and subject matter expertise
High-Resolution NWP Capabilities
- Develop, secure, operate, and exploit high-resolution NWP capabilities, specialized modeling applications, tailored applications, and automated graphical depictions of environmental conditions to support DAF, DoD, Inter-agency, and international partners
Unit Deployment and Logistics Support
- Coordinate deployment posturing, logistic requirements, and readiness exercise support through appropriate channels (e.g., Weather FAM, Unit Deployment Manager, Logistics Squadron, Army G-4/S-4, or G-2/S-2) and IAW the Weather Functional Area Prioritization and Sequencing Guide
23d Special Operations Weather Squadron (23 SOWS)
- Provide weather support tailored to meet deployed Air Force and Army Special Operations Force (AFSOF/ARSOF) mission requirements and ensure horizontal consistency with other weather units within the GCC Area of Operations
- Provide centralized weather analysis and forecasting products, and data in support of the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment, AFSOC Special Operations Task Groups, and deployed AFSOF/ARSOF without organic support
53d Weather Reconnaissance Squadron (WRS)
- Provide weather reconnaissance (WR) aircraft and crews, command, and control (C2), support equipment and personnel capabilities in support of CCMD requirements
- Conduct weather reconnaissance missions for Defense Support to Civil Authorities (DSCA), DoD support, and other outside agency support
Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) Support
- Provide direct (tailored) weather support to Group 3-5 RPA and general weather support (regional forecast) to Group 1-2 RPA (direct support may be provided, resources permitting)
Joint Typhoon Warning Center
- Issue and disseminate tropical cyclone advisories and warnings in the North-West Pacific Ocean, South Pacific Ocean, and Indian Ocean for the DoD and other U.S. government agencies
Weather Forecasting and Warnings
- Conduct documentation functions, weather integration, and MEFP
- Provide installation and airfield weather services, aviation weather forecasting services, and weather warnings
- Issue warnings, watches, and advisories for various weather phenomena, including lightning, hail, rain, snow, and wind
Assisting AFW and Environmental Science Community
- Assist in identifying and developing weather support requirements for emerging technologies and weapon systems, including modeling and simulation requirements.
- Provide input to development of support concepts, CONOPS, and weather tactics, techniques, and procedures to inform weather support and integration for new and emerging technology.
Weather Support Requirements
- Operate specialized or nonstandard weather systems required to support RDT&E projects/programs, including surface and upper-air data collection sensors/systems, models, data acquisition and processing tools.
Weather Units and Equipment
- Units assigned weather equipment (Fixed-base and tactical) will coordinate and establish outage reporting procedures for equipment with their aligned garrison/deployed maintenance unit.
- Report outages and maintenance actions on equipment not maintained by RAWS work centers.
- Determine WPs, data, and service requirements for the supported mission(s).
Critical Weather Parameters (CWP)
- Determine the CWP format (e.g., text, graphics), content, delivery method/times, and amendment criteria.
- Coordinate CWP issue times and delivery methods with the supported C2 element and supporting weather organizations involved in the mission(s).
- Coordinate with supporting weather organizations to METWATCH the CWP and amend it as required based on mission critical weather thresholds.
Prioritized Rules for Determining the LWU
- Joint Missions: JMO-designated LWU for a Joint Operation in an OPORD / Exercise Directive, or FRAGO.
- Global Power: Weather unit providing the overall mission C2 element with weather information.
- CORONET: Weather unit providing the ACC C2 element with weather information.
- Global Reach: Weather unit integrated with the AMC C2 Element.
- Air Refueling (Training): Weather unit servicing the lead receiving aircraft unit.
Warnings and Advisories
- Issue watches for phenomena other than lightning a minimum of one hour prior to issuing a warning for the same phenomena.
- Issue lightning watches at least 30 minutes prior to issuing a lightning warning or IAW the desired lead time of the supported unit/installation, whichever is longer.
- Issue warnings, as required, regardless of whether a watch had previously been issued.
- Consider data sensed from radars, mesonets, environmental monitoring systems, tactical ATC systems, forward armament and refueling points, or other sensing systems as objective data for evaluating and verifying WWA products.
Verification of Weather Warnings
- Verify each phenomenon separately.
- Verify severe thunderstorm and moderate thunderstorm warnings upon first occurrence of either wind or hail threshold at the warned location.
- Verify heavy snow warnings using manually observed snowfall totals from Air Force, sister service, coalition partners, or host nation sources where the capability exists.
- Use accumulated reports of 6-hourly, 12-hourly, or summary of the day during the valid period of a heavy snow warning at locations where the unit does not have access to hourly data from an airfield observing system.
Air Force Weather Operations
- Engage with service, interagency, international, industry, and academic partners to advance programs and initiatives in areas such as numerical weather modeling, climate monitoring, arctic forecasting, hydrology, artificial intelligence, information warfare, electromagnetic spectrum, and space weather, environmental sensing, and space-based environmental monitoring.
Functional Management
- Serve as Functional Manager for officer, enlisted, and civilian career fields delegated by the Functional Authority, the HQ AF Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations.
- Provide training products and technical services to the field.
- Oversee Training Requester Quota Identifier management responsibilities for the Army Weather Support Course, allocating seats to Major Commands (MAJCOMs).
Financial Management and Advocacy
- Oversee and advocate for the Air Force Weather Weapons System (AFWWS) financial portfolio.
- Lead Strategy, Design, Planning, Programming, and Budget (SDPPBE) processes and advocate to the Air Force Corporate Structure for AFWWS development, fielding, and sustainment.
Liaison and Partnerships
- Liaise with Department of Army HQ, Training and Doctrine Command, Army Futures Command, Army Materiel Command (AMC), and Army Installation Management Command (IMCOM) for weather support to U.S. Army operations.
- Liaise with USSF HQ, Space Operations Command (SpOC), Space and Systems Command (SSC), and Space Training and Readiness Command for weather support to USSF operations.
Council and Committee Membership
- Serve as a member of the Global Integrated Intelligence and Reconnaissance Council of Colonels, Enterprise Information Technology (IT) Advisory Council, and Centralized Asset Management Advisory Council.
Weather Support and Radar Operations
- Advise the Department of Defense (DoD) lead agent for the Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) program.
- Serve as the Security Controls Assessor Representative for AFWWS National Security System to work with the Program Manager, Information System Security Manager, Information System Security Officer, and Risk Management Framework (RMF) team.
Cybersecurity and Data Management
- Serve as the AFWWS Lead in the implementation of DoD/DAF cyber policy and USCYBERCOM/AFCYBER order compliance oversight.
- Serve as the Functional Data Officer to develop data policies, guidance, procedures, and standards related to AFW and establish related training.
Major Command Weather Staffs
- Manage deployment taskings for weather resources within its MAJCOM IAW DAFI 10-401 and AFI 10-403, Deployment Planning and Execution.
- Weather units integrated with supported end-users should have a keen understanding of mission-critical thresholds and mission profiles.
Installation and Airfield Weather Services
- Installation and airfield weather services consist of weather observing, TAF generation, METWATCH, and RP.
- Units responsible for the airfield observation evaluate conditions, prepare, and disseminate routine, local, and special weather observations.
- Guidance on recording and disseminating observations can be found in AFMAN 15-111, and MAJCOM supplements, as applicable.
Weather Watches and Warnings
- Cancel WWAs when conditions are no longer occurring and are not expected to reoccur within the DLT of the WWA.
- Cancel observed WWAs at the discretion of the responsible agency, typically 15 minutes after the last occurrence of the criteria is no longer forecast to take place.
- Cancel lightning watches only when the potential for lightning within the next 30 minutes is no longer forecast.
- Upgrade WWAs when adding phenomena or crossing to a higher threshold; downgrade WWAs when removing a phenomenon or crossing to a lower threshold.
WR DSCA Operations
- Oversees mission planning and execution, including real-time adjustments to reconnaissance patterns based on dynamic meteorological scenarios.
- Coordinates foreign overflight clearance and maintains a metrics program to measure operational demand and effectiveness.
- Supports data collection and dissemination operations, ensuring aircraft have threat situational awareness and data quality assurance.
- Acts as the focal point for interagency data sharing and represents the WR functional capability on interagency working groups.
Air Operations Center (AOC) Weather Specialty Teams (WST)
- Integrates weather information into full-spectrum operations and intelligence, providing environmental situational awareness and enabling decision advantage for commanders.
- Uses analyzed weather information to build a 4-D picture of the battlespace and environmental threats.
- Provides Weather Operations C2 for Air Component supporting units within the theater of operations and coordinates with MAJCOM Staff and SMO for multi-unit operations and exercises.
Air Combat Command Air Operations Squadron Weather Flight (ACC AOS/WX)
- Provides tailored weather support to AOS-controlled missions and may support other non-AOS controlled missions as required.
- Determines and documents weather support requirements for all aircraft movements under control of the ACC AOS.
White House Military Office (WHMO) Operations
- Provides essential weather services to the President and maintains continuity of the Presidency.
- Provides weather observations, mission-specific forecasts, watches, observed weather warnings/advisories, and specialized weather information for WHMO operational units.
Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation Meteorologists (RDT&E Mets)
- Provides specialized air and space weather/environmental science support focused on DAF research, technology development, acquisition, and sustainment activities.
- Integrates with requirements managers, program managers, and other system experts to ensure successful identification and mitigation of weather and environmental threats during the acquisition lifecycle of DAF and Joint/Allied/Coalition systems.
Weather Integration, Planning, and Mission Execution
- Weather personnel should understand all aspects of weather's effect on operations and relay these effects to commanders at all echelons.
- Commanders leverage and integrate accurate, consistent, timely, and relevant weather information to anticipate, exploit, and mitigate weather effects and enable their situational understanding of the operational environment, decision-making, and risk management.
- Weather leadership organizes personnel to support operations that maximize the unit's ability to reliably inject the right information at the right time into their supported organizations' decision-making process.
Control Weather Products (CWPs)
- CWPs represent the official mission forecast and are defined by the Lead Weather Unit (LWU).
- All weather units supporting a mission will utilize CWPs to ensure mission forecast consistency.
- Supporting units will not deviate from mission-specific, critical weather thresholds specified in CWPs without prior coordination with the LWU.
METOC Production Centers (MPC)
- MPCs are service-retained, reach-back organizations that provide trusted METOC data and information to fulfill CCMD and component requirements.
NEXRAD Program
- The Department of Defense (DoD) has a lead agent for the Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) program, which operates under a tri-agency Memorandum of Agreement with the Department of Commerce and Department of Transportation.
- The program is responsible for interagency operation of the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988, Doppler (WSR-88D).
Security Controls Assessor Representative
- The Security Controls Assessor Representative is responsible for working with the Program Manager, Information System Security Manager, Information System Security Officer, and Risk Management Framework (RMF) team to assess security controls for the AFWWS National Security System.
- The representative must follow guidelines set by AFI 17-101, Risk Management Framework (RMF) for Air Force Information Technology (IT).
AFWWS Lead and Cyber Policy
- The AFWWS Lead is responsible for implementing DoD/DAF cyber policy and ensuring compliance with USCYBERCOM/AFCYBER orders.
- The lead must also develop data policies, guidance, procedures, and standards related to AFW and establish related training.
Functional Data Officer
- The Functional Data Officer serves as a senior advisor to the AF Chief Data and Artificial Intelligence Office for all data matters within the weather enterprise.
- The officer's responsibilities include managing and overseeing compliance with data policies to protect and manage data as a strategic asset.
MAJCOM Weather Staffs
- MAJCOM weather staffs manage deployment taskings for weather resources within their MAJCOM according to DAFI 10-401 and AFI 10-403, Deployment Planning and Execution.
- Staffs support three types of missions: Defense Support to Civil Authorities (DSCA), DoD support, and other outside agency support.
53d WRS Missions
- The 53d WRS supports missions for the Department of Commerce, which are considered DSCA missions with NOAA as the lead federal agency.
- The WRS also supports DoD missions, including environmental information collection, and other outside agency missions for research purposes.
CARCAH Role
- The Chief, Aerial Reconnaissance Coordination, All Hurricanes (CARCAH) provides command and control and liaison support for WR DSCA operations.
- The CARCAH plans, organizes, and coordinates all WR DSCA activities to meet interagency strategic and operational objectives.
Weather Integration, Planning, and Mission Execution
- Weather personnel must understand all aspects of weather's effect on operations and relay this information to commanders at all echelons.
- Weather leadership will organize personnel to support operations, pattern duties at home station, and familiarize themselves with the weather functional community Prioritization and Sequencing Guidance.
Forecast Process
- Weather forecasts specify when conditions decrease to less than, or if below, increase to equal or exceed the categories in the table.
- Forecast category is determined by the lower of the ceiling or visibility value.
- Use predominant conditions to determine forecast category (i.e., not tempo or varying).
DAF Airfield Ceiling and Visibility Specification and Amendment Criteria
- Table 5.3 lists the DAF airfield ceiling and visibility specification and amendment criteria.
- The table includes five categories, with corresponding ceiling and visibility values.
Weather Warning Verification
- Evaluate radar-generated precipitation products for accuracy against reliable rain gauges for at least one season.
- Verify heavy snow warnings using manually observed snowfall totals from Air Force, sister service, coalition partners, or host nation sources.
- Use one-hour liquid precipitation measurements to verify heavy snow warnings in the absence of manual snowfall totals.
Roles and Responsibilities
- The Air Force Director of Weather is responsible for managing weather services for the DAF and Army, providing functional expertise, and developing doctrine, policy, and standards for weather support.
Air Force Director of Weather Responsibilities
- Provide Air Force Weather (AFW) functional expertise to coordinate and advocate for applicable Intelligence Community (IC) weather priorities and requirements.
- Manage weather forces by maintaining oversight of Weather Technical Readiness program's most critical processes through analysis of readiness reporting data.
- Develop, coordinate, and approve interservice, intra-service, interagency, and international support agreements.
- Provide policies and procedures to measure and evaluate the operational effectiveness and technical performance of selected atmospheric and space environmental weather products.
- Develop and implement mid- and long-range strategy and vision for the organization, equipment, manpower, and technology necessary to meet future DAF and Army weather requirements.
METWATCH
- METWATCH is a deliberate process for monitoring environmental conditions in the land, air, and space domains to identify when and where sensed conditions significantly diverge from forecast conditions.
- Units will establish and maintain a prioritized threat-based METWATCH process, monitor and identify changes in weather conditions, and amend forecasts based on specification and amendment criteria.
METWATCH Procedures
- Identify primary METWATCH data sources, document forecast methods, and standardize methods of obtaining weather situational awareness.
- Identify weather products and services affected by unexpected changes to forecast conditions at points, areas, and routes where the unit is directed or tasked as issuance authority.
- Outline the actions to take when forecast conditions change during the METWATCH, specifying the units to contact using primary and backup contact methods.
MISSIONWATCH
- MISSIONWATCH is the deliberate process for monitoring terrestrial weather or the space environment for specific mission-limiting environmental factors or exploitable opportunities.
- Forecasts specify when conditions decrease to less than, or if below, increase to equal or exceed the categories in the table.
RP/WWAs
- Weather organizations perform local area METWATCH and produce, disseminate, amend, and verify WWAs to inform key decision makers and personnel of potential and observed weather conditions that require protective actions.
- WF/Dets will issue all required WWAs for their host installation/aerodrome complex and supported parent/tenant unit missions and resources.
WWA Procedures
- Ensure WWAs maintain horizontal consistency with TAF, and other forecast products.
- Notify the 557 WW and/or LWU if their products are inconsistent with locally issued WWAs to maintain horizontal consistency throughout all WPs.
- Maximize the use of watches within their affected area of operations until conditions warrant issuing a warning to meet desired lead-time requirements for supported organizations.
- Issue WWAs in a standard format and numbering scheme through the AFWWS enterprise application (primary) or local dissemination systems.
- Issue WWAs in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and/or Local Time.
- Issue WWAs with a separate valid time for each criterion when warranted.
- Specifically state the area affected when issuing WWAs.
- Clearly state how amended, extended, or cancelled WWAs affect any other issued notices for the same criteria.
- Cancel WWAs when conditions are no longer occurring and are not expected to reoccur within the DLT of the WWA.
- Cancel lightning watches only when the potential for lightning within the next 30 minutes is no longer forecast.
- Upgrade WWAs when adding phenomena or crossing to a higher threshold, and downgrade WWAs when removing a phenomenon or crossing to a lower threshold.
- Notify ATC and the C2 authority responsible for the Installation Notification and Warning System when the WWA notification system is inoperable.
Conditions and Criteria
- Conditions occurring for less than 30 consecutive minutes or for an aggregate total of less than 30 minutes of every hour are considered temporary.
- During periods of rapidly changing ceilings or visibilities, the condition occurring for the greatest aggregate total during the full hour is considered the predominant condition for that hour.
Coordinate and Document Unit Back Up TAF Production and Dissemination Procedures
- Coordinate and document unit back up TAF production and dissemination procedures in the Continuity of Operations (COOP)/Primary, Alternate, Contingency, and Emergency (PACE) plans.
- Establish plans to provide temporary assumption of METWATCH, including TAF issue/amend authorities in the enterprise production applications during transition to or from an Alternate Operating Location (AOL) or for other unforeseen/emergency circumstances.
Standard Specification and Amendment Criteria
- Forecasts specify when conditions decrease to less than, or if below, increase to equal or exceed the categories in the table.
- The forecast category is determined by the lower of the ceiling or visibility value.
- Predominant conditions are used to determine the forecast category (i.e., not tempo or varying).
DAF Airfield Ceiling and Visibility Specification and Amendment Criteria
- Rule Category 1: Ceiling ≥ 2000ft, Visibility ≥ 4800M (3SM), and aircrew must file for an alternate if forecast conditions are less than 2000/3.
- Rule Category 2: Ceiling < 2000ft but ≥ 1000ft, Visibility ≥ 3200M (2SM), and airfield qualifies as an alternate if the conditions meet the lowest published visibility minima or landing minimum.
- Rule Category 3: Ceiling < 1000ft but ≥ lowest published landing minimum plus 500ft, Visibility ≥ 3200M (2SM), and airfield qualifies as an alternate if the conditions meet the lowest published visibility minima or landing minimum.
- Rule Category 4: Ceiling < lowest published landing minimum plus 500ft, Visibility < 3200M (2SM), and airfield does not qualify as an alternate for flight planning but is still suitable for arrival.
- Rule Category 5: Ceiling < lowest published airfield landing minimum, Visibility < lowest published airfield landing minimum, and airfield is not a suitable destination.
Warnings and Advisories
- Warnings normally affect an area no larger than a 5NM radius of the airfield.
- Watches for phenomena other than lightning are issued a minimum of one hour prior to issuing a warning for the same phenomena.
- Lightning watches are issued at least 30 minutes prior to issuing a lightning warning or according to the desired lead time of the supported unit/installation.
- Include the maximum expected hail size, rain/snow accumulation, or wind speed in warnings and advisories.
Verification of WWA Products
- Use objective data from radars, mesonets, environmental monitoring systems, and other sensing systems to evaluate and verify WWA products.
- Use unofficial reports from credible sources, such as Storm Prediction Center Storm Reports, NWS Citizen Weather Observation Program (CWOP), and Community Collaborative Rain, Hail and Snow Network (CoCoRaHS), to verify warnings and advisories.
- When objective verification is not possible, use subjective analysis of available data to determine if an event occurred.
- Verify each phenomenon separately, and "bundle" the criteria for verification purposes.
- Verify severe thunderstorm and moderate thunderstorm warnings upon first occurrence of either wind or hail threshold at the warned location.
- Verify heavy precipitation warnings using measurements from the airfield observing system, radar precipitation measurements, or storm reports in the verification radius.
- Verify heavy rain warnings specifying an accumulation in a specified time period by using a summation of the one-hour precipitation measurements from the airfield observing system.
- Use accumulated reports of 6-hourly, 12-hourly, or summary of the day during the valid period of the warning for verifying heavy rain warnings at locations where the unit does not have access to the hourly rain gauge data from an airfield observing system.
Weather Organizations Support
- Provide weather observations, forecasts, watches, warnings/advisories, and specialized weather information for launch sites, ranges, and abort landing sites.
- Conduct documentation functions, weather integration, and MEFP ( Meteorological and Environmental Functional Process) support.
Operational Modeling and Simulation (M&S) Support
- Provide operational M&S support for training, acquisition, and testing as required by DoD.
- Act as subject matter experts for operational M&S support.
METOC Data Collection and Dissemination
- Collect, authenticate, validate, and secure METOC data and information published to trusted DAF data layers and archives in all security domains.
- Make available observations and forecasts of volcanic ash for DoD and intelligence community operations at multiple classification levels.
Weather Support for Space Launch, Missile, and Test Operations
- Provide weather services IAW Chapter 5, including weather forecasting, watches, warnings/advisories, and specialized weather information.
- Conduct weather integration, MEFP, and documentation functions IAW Chapters 3, 4, and 5.
Installation and Airfield Weather Services
- Provide weather observing, TAF generation, METWATCH, and RP (Runway condition reporting) services.
- Evaluate airfield conditions, prepare, and disseminate routine, local, and special weather observations.
Weather Forecasting and Dissemination
- Forecast weather conditions and disseminate to supported units, including ceiling and visibility specifications and amendment criteria.
- Use Table 5.3 to determine forecast category based on ceiling and visibility values.
Responsibility and Coordination
- Coordinate with supported units, including tenant organizations, to provide or arrange for weather products.
- Maintain a keen understanding of mission-critical thresholds and mission profiles.
- Develop procedures to determine critical thresholds requiring intensified MISSIONWATCH and update supported units.
MISSIONWATCH Process
- Identify and alert decision-makers to changes that will enable mission success.
- Develop procedures to determine critical thresholds requiring intensified MISSIONWATCH and update supported units.
- Maintain a MISSIONWATCH tailored to the mission(s) of the day.
- Inform the issuing weather unit when weather products do not accurately reflect observed conditions and may impact mission execution.
Air Force Weather Career Field
- Engages with service, interagency, international, industry, and academic partners to advance programs and initiatives
- Functional Manager for officer, enlisted, and civilian career fields delegated by the HQ AF Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations
- Provides training products and technical services to the field
- Oversees Training Requester Quota Identifier management responsibilities for the Army Weather Support Course
Air Force Weather Weapons System (AFWWS)
- Oversees and advocates for the AFWWS financial portfolio
- Leads Strategy, Design, Planning, Programming, and Budget (SDPPBE) processes and advocates to the Air Force Corporate Structure for AFWWS development, fielding, and sustainment
Interagency Partnerships
- Liaises with Department of Army HQ, Training and Doctrine Command, Army Futures Command, and Army Materiel Command (AMC) for weather support to U.S. Army operations
- Liaises with USSF HQ, Space Operations Command (SpOC), Space and Systems Command (SSC), and Space Training and Readiness Command for weather support to USSF operations
- Member of the Global Integrated Intelligence and Reconnaissance Council of Colonels, Enterprise Information Technology (IT) Advisory Council, and Centralized Asset Management Advisory Council
Data and Information Management
- Operates enterprise services to disseminate products and data via DoD Information Network core services
- Operates enterprise applications to conduct data operations to provide trusted data and products collected from other sources
- Conducts documentation functions according to Chapter 3
- Conducts Weather Integration and Mission Execution Forecast Process (MEFP) according to Chapter 4
Weather Services
- Provides Installation and Airfield Weather services according to Chapter 5
- Provides Aviation Weather Forecasting services according to Chapter 6
- Conducts Forecast and Analysis Production functions as described in Chapter 7
- Provides weather data to agencies processing DoD-approved Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) dispersion models
Backup Capabilities
- Provides backup capability for the National Weather Service's (NWS) Storm Prediction Center and Aviation Weather Center according to established support agreements
Oversight and Advocacy
- Oversees WR DSCA operations to include mission planning and execution
- Represents the WR functional capability on interagency working groups to align research and sensor integration programs with operational needs
Air Operations Center (AOC) Weather Specialty Teams (WST)
- Integrates weather information into the full spectrum of operations and intelligence
- Provides environmental situational awareness and enables decision advantage for commanders
ACC AOS/WX
- Provides tailored weather support to AOS-controlled missions
- Determines and documents weather support requirements for all aircraft movements under control of the ACC AOS
Weather Support Planning and Resources
- Provide weather inputs for development/revision of weather support plans and other documents for the command
- Engage in planning, programming, and budgeting for MAJCOM weather resources IAW AFI 65-601, Volume 1, Budget Guidance and Procedures
- Coordinate with contract offices to ensure contracted weather support is appropriately defined IAW AFI 64-102, Installation Contracting
- Manage execution of MAJCOM weather programs
- Provide staff assistance, technical training assistance, and technical consultant assistance to assigned weather organizations upon request
Weather Subject Matter Expertise
- Provide weather subject matter expertise to the MAJCOM Inspector General
- Serve as pertinent oversight authority for inspection deficiencies against aligned weather organizations
- Assist with evaluations of aligned weather organizations upon request IAW DAFI 90-302, The Inspection System of the Department of the Air Force
- Develop and cross-feed technical training materials throughout the command
Equipment Accountability and Readiness Reporting
- Oversee the accuracy and currency of equipment accountability and readiness reporting in authoritative databases
- Coordinate with and/or serve as Weather Data Steward(s) to establish weather data protection, sharing, and governance guidelines
- Maintain data names, definitions, data integrity rules, and domain values within the command
- Ensure compliance with legal and policy requirements, and conformance to data policies and standards
Weather Organizations Supporting DAF Acquisition Activities
- Identify and document environmental thresholds of systems and programs undergoing RDT&E and procurement
- Assist AF RDT&E projects/programs with identification and mitigation of any effects the atmospheric and space environments may have on systems, subsystems, or components
- Support AF development planning, capability development, and acquisition projects/programs through the identification and mitigation of any effects the atmospheric and space environments may have on the performance and/or employment of systems, subsystems, or components
- Provide consultation services to program managers, engineers, and MAJCOM requirements managers for inclusion of weather support and environmental threat mitigation requirements in program/system requirements documents as needed/requested
Meteorological Analysis and Weather Support
- Provide meteorological analysis on system performance and employment for the life cycle of any weather-sensitive programs or basing activities
- Provide weather support for RDT&E activities occurring at test sites and specified ranges
- Coordinate test criteria and environmental support for systems undergoing testing with RDT&E projects/programs
- Provide or arrange for support (unique or tailored weather services/products) to those projects/programs
- Monitor progress of those projects/programs for changes affecting that support
Operational Situational Awareness and TTPs
- Maintain operational situational awareness through active participation in operational end-users’ battle rhythms
- Understand weather and supported unit(s) TTPs, mission essential tasks (MET), and environmental sensitivities/limitations of weapon systems and their associated missions
- Leverage knowledge of historical, current, and forecast state of the environment to provide operators with the opportunity to exploit favorable environmental conditions for mission execution
- Inject environmental subject matter expertise, as appropriate, throughout the planning, execution, and assessment phases of the continuous operations cycle
Deployment and Logistics
- Coordinate with local Central Issue Facility (CIF) and Rapid Fielding Initiative (RFI) provider to equip unit personnel with personal tactical/deployment equipment.
- Coordinate deployment posturing, logistic requirements, and readiness exercise support through appropriate channels and IAW the Weather Functional Area Prioritization and Sequencing Guide.
23d Special Operations Weather Squadron (23 SOWS)
- Provides weather support tailored to meet deployed Air Force and Army Special Operations Force (AFSOF/ARSOF) mission requirements.
- Ensures horizontal consistency with other weather units within the Geographic Combatant Commands (GCC) Area of Operations.
- Provides centralized weather analysis and forecasting products, and data in support of the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment, AFSOC Special Operations Task Groups, and deployed AFSOF/ARSOF without organic support.
53d Weather Reconnaissance Squadron (WRS)
- Provides weather reconnaissance (WR) aircraft and crews, command, and control (C2), support equipment and personnel capabilities in support of CCMD requirements.
- Conducts oversight of WR DSCA operations, including mission planning and execution, real-time adjustment of reconnaissance patterns, and coordinating foreign overflight clearance.
- Supports data collection and dissemination operations, ensuring aircraft have threat situational awareness, data quality assurance, and acting as the focal point for interagency data sharing.
Air Operations Center (AOC) Weather Specialty Teams (WST)
- Integrates weather information into the full spectrum of operations and intelligence, providing environmental situational awareness and enabling decision advantage for commanders.
- Uses analyzed weather information and data to build a 4-D picture of the battlespace and the environmental threats affecting it.
- Provides Weather Operations C2 for Air Component supporting units within the theater of operations and coordinates with MAJCOM Staff and SMO for multi-unit operations and exercises.
Air Combat Command Air Operations Squadron Weather Flight (ACC AOS/WX)
- Provides tailored weather support to AOS-controlled missions and may also support other non-AOS controlled missions as required.
- Determines and documents weather support requirements for all aircraft movements under control of the ACC AOS.
- Provides space weather impacts to supported agencies utilizing products and services outlined in Chapter 8.
Weather Support Roles and Responsibilities
- ANG WFs are assigned roles and responsibilities outlined in paragraphs 2.5 (ANG CWFs), 2.12 (ANG RPA WFs), and 2.14 (ANG WFs).
- Unmanned Aircraft Operational-Level C2 element (e.g., 432d Wing Operations Center, Global Hawk Operations Center) has a weather unit assigned to it.
- Joint Airborne/Air Weather unit servicing the lead airlift aircraft unit.
- Landing Zones (LZ) & Land Maneuver Weather unit attached to the lead Army unit.
- Special Operations Weather unit depends on the nature of the operation as directed by the appointed JMO.
Control Weather Products (CWPs)
- CWPs represent the official mission forecast and are defined by the LWU.
- All weather units supporting a mission as defined in Table 4.3 will utilize CWPs to ensure mission forecast consistency.
- Supporting units will not deviate from the mission-specific, critical weather thresholds specified in CWPs without prior coordination with the LWU.
METOC Production Centers (MPC)
- MPCs are service-retained, reach-back organizations that provide trusted METOC data and information to fulfill CCMD and component requirements.
- A TAF provides official meteorological information for flight planning and C2 activities for a specific aerodrome.
TAF Roles and Responsibilities
- Weather units at assigned DAF and Army airfields responsible for airfield weather services will produce, disseminate, amend, and verify TAFs during published air-traffic controlled (ATC) hours of operation.
- The 557 WW will produce, disseminate, amend, and verify TAFs during published ATC hours of operation or as required for airfields where the DAF or Army is assigned airfield weather services responsibilities and there are no weather personnel assigned.
- The 557 WW will produce, disseminate, amend, and verify TAFs during published ATC hours of operation or as required for airfields where ANG managed U.S.C.Title 5 and/or contract weather sites performing limited weather services.
Air Force Operations Group (AFOG) Weather Branch
- Provides global weather support to HQ DAF, HQDA, NJOIC, and other senior DoD and U.S. government leaders
- Arranges for situational awareness weather products and briefings for senior leaders
- Provides and/or arranges for dissemination of local weather alerts for the Pentagon Reservation
AFOG Weather Branch Responsibilities
- Tailor and integrate environmental information into situational awareness products
- Provide staff weather support to crisis action teams during contingencies, emergencies, and exercises
- Provide climatology data and planning weather support as required
- Coordinate with 557 WW for weather watch, warning, and advisory support
- Arrange for dissemination of local weather watches, warnings, and advisories for the Pentagon Reservation
Contingency Response Force (CRF)
- Perform functions and responsibilities consistent with AFI 10-202
- Establish and maintain working relationships with supported organizations' key operational decision makers
- Maintain operational situational awareness through active participation in operational end-users' battle rhythms
- Understand weather and supported unit TTPs, mission essential tasks, and environmental sensitivities/limitations of weapon systems
- Use information from supported units or derived from authoritative sources to provide operators with the opportunity to exploit favorable environmental conditions
Mission Execution Forecast Process (MEFP)
- Coordinate with supported units to provide or arrange for weather products
- Determine best products to use for each step, including purpose and value to the MEFP
- Collaborate with other METOC organizations as appropriate
- Review centrally or locally established C2 systems
- Identify times, criteria, and delivery format of environmental information for supported units
- Provide or arrange for support for units when away from home station
- Request special terrestrial, climatic, and space weather products if required
Mission Verification/MISSIONWATCH
- Determine parameters, timelines, and critical thresholds for MISSIONWATCH
- Standardize mission/products utilized to report WP MEF Verification (MEFVER)
- Identify products, frequency, and communication in the MISSIONWATCH process
- Establish parameters for forecast reviews
- Develop feedback performance mechanisms to incorporate seasonal training or specific forecast parameter improvement
Operational Process
- Define a methodology to incorporate analysis products, forecast techniques, and a logical, verifiable process to conduct weather operations
- Identify data sources, document forecast methods, and describe methods of obtaining environmental situational awareness
- Weather units integrated with supported end-users should have a keen understanding of mission-critical thresholds and mission profiles
MISSIONWATCH
- Develop procedures to determine critical thresholds requiring intensified MISSIONWATCH
- Update supported unit(s) on changes to environmental conditions critical to the mission
- Maintain a MISSIONWATCH tailored to the mission(s) of the day
- Employ sound RM techniques to assign risk, allocate resources, and direct activities to conduct MISSIONWATCH
- Inform the issuing weather unit when WPs do not accurately reflect observed conditions and may impact mission execution
Installation and Airfield Weather Services
- Weather observing, TAF generation, METWATCH, and RP
- The Senior Airfield Authority coordinates airfield weather services support responsibilities when weather organizations supporting flying organizations from multiple Services are located at a base
Weather Observing
- Units responsible for airfield observation evaluate conditions, prepare, and disseminate routine, local, and special weather observations
TAFs
- Forecasts specify when conditions decrease to less than, or if below, increase to equal or exceed the categories in the table
- Note 2: Forecast category is determined by the lower ceiling or visibility value
- Note 3: Use prevailing surface visibility to determine forecast category
RP/WWAs
- Weather organizations perform local area METWATCH and produce, disseminate, amend, and verify WWAs to inform key decision makers and personnel of potential and observed weather conditions
- WF/Dets will issue all required WWAs for their host installation/aerodrome complex and supported parent/tenant unit missions and resources
Weather Support to Military Operations
- Analyze, forecast, and provide tailored warfighter effects to ensure modeling and software applications meet warfighter and IC requirements.
- Provide operational modeling and simulation (M&S) support for training, acquisition, and testing as required by DoD and act as the subject matter expert for operational M&S support.
Weather Organizations Supporting Space Launch, Missile, and Test Operations
- Provide weather observations, forecasts, watches, and warnings for launch sites, specified ranges, and abort landing sites.
- Conduct documentation, weather integration, and MEFP functions.
- Provide installation and airfield weather services, aviation weather forecasting services, and operational, mission-specific, and launch weather officer support.
- Coordinate with program support managers, range safety, and range coordinators to determine weather requirements for all phases of launch.
Missions and Support
- Support Defense Support to Civil Authorities (DSCA) missions, DoD missions, and other outside agency support missions.
- Provide command and control and liaison support for WR DSCA operations.
- Support research, development, test, and evaluation (RDT&E) meteorologists with specialized air and space weather/environmental science support.
White House Military Office (WHMO) Operations
- Provide weather observations, mission-specific forecasts, watches, and warnings for White House functions and WHMO operational units.
- Support the President and maintain the continuity of the Presidency.
Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation (RDT&E) Meteorologists
- Provide specialized air and space weather/environmental science support for DAF research, technology development, acquisition, and sustainment activities.
- Integrate with requirements managers, program managers, and other system experts to ensure successful identification and mitigation of weather and environmental threats.
Determining Weather Products (WPs)
- Determine WPs, data, and service requirements for the supported mission(s).
- Determine the CWP format, content, delivery method, and amendment criteria.
- Coordinate CWP issue times and delivery methods with the supported C2 element and supporting weather organizations involved in the mission(s).
Prioritized Rules for Determining the Launch Weather Unit (LWU)
- Determine the LWU based on the type of mission, such as Joint Missions, Global Power, Global Reach, Air Refueling, and others.
- Coordinate with component SWO or MAJCOM functional to establish RP recall/backup procedures.
Weather Support Requests
- Determine and document host/parent unit requirements for NOAA flash flood, river/coastal flood, and fire warnings.
- Coordinate and document requirements and dissemination processes with the 557 WW in local support agreements and the IDP.
- Produce, issue, amend, and verify weather warnings and advisories for DAF or Army locations.
Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) Program
- Serve as the Department of Defense (DoD) lead agent for the NEXRAD program, working with the Department of Commerce and Department of Transportation.
- Assess security controls for the Security Control Assessor and implement DoD/DAF cyber policy and USCYBERCOM/AFCYBER order compliance oversight.
AFWWS Lead and Functional Data Officer
- Serve as the AFWWS Lead in implementing DoD/DAF cyber policy and USCYBERCOM/AFCYBER order compliance oversight.
- Develop data policies, guidance, procedures, and standards related to AFW and establish related training.
- Manage and oversee compliance to these data policies to protect and manage data as a strategic asset.
Major Command (MAJCOM) Weather Staffs
- Manage deployment taskings for weather resources within its MAJCOM.
- Plan, coordinate, and accomplish operational test and evaluation as the AFWWS Principle Operational Test Organization.
- Operate and maintain the Solar Electro-Optical Network (SEON).
Weather Support and Services
- Provide global merged cloud, snow, and ice analysis and forecasts for the IC.
- Provide mission-tailored terrestrial, Electro-magnetic spectrum (EMS), space weather analyses and forecasts, indications, and warnings.
- Develop, secure, and operate applications to collect, quality control, and archive terrestrial weather and climate data.
- Develop and provide risk assessments, forensic meteorological analyses, and climate services.
- Provide climate and hydro-climatology services, including historical data, climate predictions, and climate projections.
Combat Weather Units Supporting Army Operations
- Train and posture forces and equipment to provide Staff Weather Officer (SWO) support to aligned ASCC, supported land force commander(s), and aligned units.
- Perform Personnel Parachute Program Management duties.
- Manage unit supply accounts and Army Modification Table of Organizational Equipment (MTOE) equipment.
- Provide space weather impacts to supported agencies.
- Develop and implement severe weather action plan (SWAP) operations.
ANG WFs and Operational Responsibilities
- Establish and actively maintain working relationships with supported organizations’ key operational decision makers, operators, information specialists, tactical-level mission planners, schedulers, and weapons and tactics experts.
- Maintain operational situational awareness through active participation in operational end-users’ battle rhythms.
- Understand weather and supported unit(s) TTPs, mission essential tasks (MET), and environmental sensitivities/limitations of weapon systems and their associated missions.
- Leverage knowledge of historical, current, and forecast state of the environment to provide operators with the opportunity to exploit favorable environmental conditions for mission execution.
Air Force Operations Group (AFOG) Weather Branch
- Provides global weather support to HQ DAF, HQDA, NJOIC, U.S. Air Force and U.S. Army Crisis Action Teams, and HQ USACE
- Arranges for situational awareness weather products and briefings to senior DoD and U.S. government leaders
- Disseminates local weather alerts for the Pentagon Reservation
- Tailors and integrates air, space, land, and oceanographic environmental information into situational awareness products
- Provides staff weather support to the Air Force Crisis Action Team and Army Crisis Action Team during contingencies, emergencies, and exercises
- Coordinates with and assists 557 WW with weather watch, warning, and advisory support as required for the Pentagon
Contingency Response Force (CRF)
- Performs functions and responsibilities consistent with AFI 10-202, Contingency Response Forces
- Assists AFW and environmental science community in identifying and developing weather support requirements for emerging technologies and weapon systems
- Provides input to development of support concepts, CONOPS, and weather tactics, techniques, and procedures
- Serves as SME to Sponsor Point of Contact and Technical Point of Contact (TPOC) and assists in evaluating proposals
- Provides documentation of current/future environmental support to RDT&E efforts to AFMC weather branch annually
- Completes initial and continuation training, including ACQ 101 Fundamentals of Systems Acquisition Management course and/or earning certifications
- Operates specialized or nonstandard weather systems required to support RDT&E projects/programs
Units Assigned Weather Equipment
- Coordinates and establishes outage reporting procedures for equipment with their aligned garrison/deployed maintenance unit
- Reports outages and maintenance actions on equipment not maintained by RAWS work centers
- Maintains accountability of equipment as Defense Property Accountability System (DPAS) Property Custodian
Weather Integration, Planning, and Mission Execution Forecast Process
- Weather personnel understand all aspects of weather's effect on operations and relay these effects to commanders at all echelons
- Commanders leverage and integrate accurate, consistent, timely, and relevant weather information to anticipate, exploit, and mitigate weather effects
- Weather personnel must understand their supported commander's requirements and integrate weather capabilities to achieve mission success
- Weather leadership organizes personnel to support operations, patterns duties at home station to mirror those in Mission Capability Statements, and familiarizes themselves with weather functional community Prioritization and Sequencing Guidance
Mission Verification/MISSIONWATCH
- Determines parameters, timelines, and critical thresholds for MISSIONWATCH
- Standardizes mission/products utilized to report WP MEF Verification (MEFVER) IAW MAJCOM guidance
- Identifies products, frequency, and communication in the MISSIONWATCH process
- Establishes parameters for forecast reviews and develops feedback performance mechanisms to incorporate seasonal training or specific forecast parameter improvement
Operational Process
- Defines a methodology to incorporate analysis products, forecast techniques, and a logical, verifiable process to conduct weather operations
- Identifies data sources, documents forecast methods, and describes methods of obtaining environmental situational awareness
- Focuses on uniformity, production, and quality assurance of final products according to locally developed guidance
AFWWS Operational Test and Evaluation
- Plan, coordinate, and accomplish operational test and evaluation as the Principle Operational Test Organization
- Operate and maintain the Solar Electro-Optical Network (SEON) as the Sponsored Projects Officer (SPO)
Global Weather Analysis and Forecasting
- Provide global merged cloud, snow, and ice analysis and forecasts for the IC
- Provide mission-tailored terrestrial, Electro-magnetic spectrum (EMS), space weather analyses and forecasts, indications, and warnings at appropriate security domain
- Provide unclassified worldwide public weather planning forecasts to the Defense Media Agency per current support agreement
Climate and Hydro-Climatology Services
- Develop, secure, and operate applications to collect, quality control, and archive terrestrial weather and climate data
- Provide climate and hydro-climatology (including historical data, climate predictions, and climate projections), analysis, and analyst-in-the-loop services, and subject matter expertise
High-Resolution NWP Capabilities
- Develop, secure, operate, and exploit high-resolution NWP capabilities, specialized modeling applications, tailored applications, and automated graphical depictions of environmental conditions
- Act as an NWP subject matter expert
Modeling and Simulation Support
- Provide operational modeling and simulation (M&S) support for training, acquisition, and testing as required by DoD
- Act as the subject matter expert for operational M&S support
METOC Data and Information Management
- Collect, authenticate, validate, and secure METOC data and information published to trusted DAF data layers and archives in all security domains
Weather Organizations Supporting Space Launch, Missile, and Test Operations
- Provide weather observations, forecasts, watches, observed weather warnings/advisories, specialized weather information for launch sites, specified ranges, and abort landing sites
- Conduct documentation functions, weather integration and MEFP, installation and airfield weather services, aviation weather forecasting services, and provide operational, mission-specific, and Launch Weather Officer support
MEFP Operational Process
- Obtain situational awareness by identifying mission types, utilizing pre-established procedures, and reviewing relevant operational weather products
- Determine environmental threats and opportunities of the day by identifying potential threats to or opportunities for alternate/modified mission execution
- Generate and disseminate weather products by conducting appropriate-scale review of global and theater-level products, analyzing real-time data, and applying specific forecast techniques
Weather Product Generation and Dissemination
- Use rules and criteria for wind speed, wind gusts, and wind direction to amend forecast products
- Use specific forecast techniques for icing, turbulence, and contrails
- Integrate geographic, terrain, urbanization, and vegetation influences on the environment and the mission
- Include EM/space weather conditions and effects on the mission
Weather Operations Support
- Provide operational modeling and simulation (M&S) support for training, acquisition, and testing as required by DoD and act as the subject matter expert for operational M&S support.
- Collect, authenticate, validate, and secure METOC data and information published to trusted DAF data layers and archives in all security domains.
- Make available observations and forecasts of volcanic ash for DoD and intelligence community operations at multiple classification levels.
Weather Organizations Supporting Space Launch, Missile, and Test Operations
- Conduct documentation functions, weather integration, and MEFP support.
- Provide installation and airfield weather services, aviation weather forecasting services, and operational, mission-specific, and launch weather officer support.
- Coordinate with program support managers, range safety, and range coordinators to determine weather requirements for all phases of launch.
- Generate and disseminate customer-specific weather products as organizational resources permit.
Coordinated Weather Operations
- Ensure planners and decision-makers at every level receive consistent, comprehensive, standardized, and relevant weather information.
- Coordinate weather information with all supporting weather units for missions involving more than one unit or service.
- Encompass LWU, CWP, METOC Production Center (MPC), METWATCH, MISSIONWATCH, and the MEFP.
Mission Execution Forecast Process (MEFP)
- Provide decision-quality environmental information to mitigate risks and exploit asymmetric capabilities in the Military Decision-Making Process (MDMP).
- Specify how to apply environmental information to mitigate mission limitations and meet operational requirements.
- Generate forecast in proper format employing critical (or Go/No-Go) thresholds.
- Generate TDA output, as required.
- Evaluate product for accuracy and disseminate IAW established guidelines to appropriate customers, decision-makers, and other weather units.
- Retain weather products IAW the records disposition schedule.
MISSIONWATCH/Mission Verification
- Conduct MISSIONWATCH utilizing real-time weather products.
- Notify mission C2 element if thresholds cross-critical event parameters.
- Gather feedback from supported units and review weather products, as necessary, to verify weather product MEF.
- Develop weather product review based on established guidelines if necessary.
Launch Weather Unit (LWU)
- Coordinate overall weather services for the supported mission(s) and is the liaison between supporting weather units.
- Identify and obtain point of contact (POC) information for each organization.
- Collect information to define supported mission schedule(s), types, weapon systems, and critical weather thresholds.
- Coordinate with all units involved in the supported mission(s) to ensure consistent and comprehensive weather information.
Airfield Ceiling and Visibility Specification and Amendment Criteria
- Specify rules for Army Airfield Ceiling and Visibility Specification and Amendment Criteria.
- Determine forecast category based on the lower of the ceiling or visibility value.
- Use predominant conditions to determine forecast category.
- Allow for substitutions of 5000M and 1500M for 4800M and 1600M respectively, based on the host-nation practice.
DAF Airfield Ceiling and Visibility Specification and Amendment Criteria
- Specify rules for DAF Airfield Ceiling and Visibility Specification and Amendment Criteria.
- Determine forecast category based on the lower of the ceiling or visibility value.
- Use predominant conditions to determine forecast category.
- Allow for substitutions of 5000M and 1500M for 4800M and 1600M respectively, based on the host-nation practice.
Weather Integration, Planning, and Mission Execution
- Weather personnel should understand all aspects of weather's effect on operations and relay these effects to commanders at all echelons.
- Commanders leverage and integrate accurate, consistent, timely, and relevant weather information to anticipate, exploit, and mitigate weather effects and enable their situational understanding of the operational environment, decision-making, and risk management.
Weather Leadership
- Weather leadership will organize personnel to support operations that maximize the unit's ability to reliably inject the right information at the right time every time into their supported organizations' decision-making process.
- Weather leadership will, if possible, pattern duties at home station to mirror those described in Mission Capability Statements for UTCs postured at that unit.
- Weather leadership will familiarize themselves with the weather functional community Prioritization and Sequencing Guidance and the weather supplement to the War Mobilization Plan (Volume 1).
Determining Weather Requirements
- Determine WPs, data, and service requirements for the supported mission(s).
- Determine the CWP format (e.g., text, graphics), content, delivery method/times, and amendment criteria.
- Coordinate CWP issue times and delivery methods with the supported C2 element and supporting weather organizations involved in the mission(s).
METWATCH and CWP Amendment
- Coordinate with supporting weather organizations to METWATCH the CWP and amend it as required based on mission critical weather thresholds.
Prioritized Rules for Determining the LWU
- Joint Missions: JMO-designated LWU for a Joint Operation in an OPORD / Exercise Directive, or FRAGO.
- Global Power: Weather unit providing the overall mission C2 element with weather information.
- Global Reach: Weather unit integrated with the AMC C2 Element.
- Air Refueling (Training): Weather unit servicing the lead receiving aircraft unit.
Rules for Determining the LWU
- Wind Speed: The difference between the predominant wind speed and the forecast wind speed is > 10 knots.
- Wind Gusts: The difference between observed gusts and the forecast is > 10 knots.
- Wind Direction: A change > 30 degrees when the predominant wind speed or gusts are expected to be 15 knots or greater.
- Icing: The beginning or ending of icing first meets, exceeds, or decreases to less than moderate thresholds and was not specified in the forecast.
- Turbulence: The beginning or ending of turbulence first meets, exceeds, or decreases below moderate thresholds and was not specified in the forecast.
RP/WWAs
- Weather organizations will perform local area METWATCH and produce, disseminate, amend, and verify WWAs to inform key decision makers and personnel of potential and observed weather conditions that require protective actions.
- WF/Dets will issue all required WWAs for their host installation/aerodrome complex and supported parent/tenant unit missions and resources.
- WF/Dets will attempt to develop or arrange alternative solutions (e.g., Cooperative Weather Watch, Commercial or Government Off-the-Shelf solutions) to perform local area METWATCH and issue host installation/aerodrome WWAs outside of regular duty hours.
Weather Operations
- Controlling Weather Products (CWP) can be designated by a Lead Weather Unit (LWU)
- Enterprise services disseminate products and data via DoD Information Network core services and alternate operational data transmission options
- Enterprise applications conduct data operations to provide trusted data and products from various sources (e.g., space products, coalition/allied products)
Weather Integration and Mission Execution Forecast Process
- Conduct Weather Integration and Mission Execution Forecast Process (MEFP) according to Chapter 4
Installation and Airfield Weather Services
- Provide Installation and Airfield Weather services according to Chapter 5
Aviation Weather Forecasting Services
- Provide Aviation Weather Forecasting services according to Chapter 6
Forecast and Analysis Production
- Conduct Forecast and Analysis Production functions as described in Chapter 7
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Consequence Assessment
- Provide weather data to agencies processing DoD-approved CBRN dispersion models for CBRN consequence assessment, consequence management, and contamination avoidance
- Maintain the capability to provide chemical downwind messages (CDM)/effective downwind messages (EDM) upon request from installation emergency management (EM), the installation emergency operations center or other disaster response/management personnel
Backup Capability for National Weather Service (NWS)
- Provide backup capability for the National Weather Service's (NWS) Storm Prediction Center and Aviation Weather Center according to established support agreements
Air National Guard (ANG) Weather Flights
- The primary mission of ANG WFs while in IDT (Inactive-Duty Training) or Title-32 (Active-Duty Training) status is to train all assigned weather personnel to support aligned ANG and/or Army National Guard (ARNG) customers upon their federal mobilization
- ANG personnel must be trained and equipped to the same level as their RegAF counterparts
- ANG personnel must train and keep current with readiness requirements to support steady state, backfill or sustainment and mobilization requirements
White House Military Office (WHMO) Operations
- The WHMO weather unit provides essential service to the President and helps maintain the continuity of the Presidency
- They provide weather observations, mission-specific forecasts, watches, observed weather warnings/advisories, and specialized weather information for White House functions and WHMO operational units
Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation Meteorologists (RDT&E Mets)
- Provide specialized air and space weather/environmental science support focused on DAF research, technology development, acquisition, and sustainment activities
- Integrate with requirements managers, program managers, and other system experts to ensure successful identification and mitigation of weather and environmental threats during the acquisition lifecycle of DAF and Joint/Allied/Coalition systems, subsystems, or end items
Meteorological Capabilities and Support
- 557 WW (Operational Weather Squadron) provides global and regional graphical weather forecast, airfield, and installation (TAF and RP) forecasts, specialized environmental information, space weather and EMS products and services, climatology products and services, numerical weather modeling and visualization products and services, data collection and dissemination services
- 23rd SOWS provides global and regional weather forecasts, airfield, and installation support (TAF and RP), aviation forecast products and services for deployed USAF/Army/USSOCOM SOF support
- Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center provides global and regional METOC, ensemble model, wave, sea surface temperature, sea anomaly forecast products
- JTWC provides tropical cyclone forecast products for INDOPACOM
- Naval Oceanographic Office provides global tailored global oceanographic, hydrographic, bathymetric, geophysical, and acoustic products and services
Airfield Weather Services
- Units providing RP will coordinate annually with each supported unit and maintain documented WWA thresholds, desired lead time (DLT), and mission impacts
Weather Support Planning
- Provide weather inputs for developing and revising weather support plans and documents
- Engage in planning, programming, and budgeting for MAJCOM weather resources
- Coordinate with contract offices to ensure contracted weather support is defined
Weather Program Management
- Manage execution of MAJCOM weather programs
- Provide staff assistance, technical training assistance, and technical consultant assistance to assigned weather organizations
- Provide weather subject matter expertise to the MAJCOM Inspector General
Weather Data Management
- Oversee accuracy and currency of equipment accountability and readiness reporting in databases
- Coordinate with and/or serve as Weather Data Steward(s) to establish weather data protection, sharing, and governance guidelines
- Maintain data names, definitions, data integrity rules, and domain values within the command
Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) Support
- Provide direct (tailored) weather support to Group 3-5 RPA and general weather support (regional forecast) to Group 1-2 RPA
- Refer to JP 3-30 for definitions of unmanned aircraft groups
Joint Typhoon Warning Center
- Located in Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, Hawaii, and reports to USN's Fleet Weather Center in San Diego
- Issues and disseminates tropical cyclone advisories and warnings in the North-West Pacific Ocean, South Pacific Ocean, and Indian Ocean for DoD and other U.S. government agencies
Weather Forecasting Units/Detachments (WF/Dets)
- Primary purpose is to integrate environmental impacts into every phase of end-user operations
- Assess the mission environment to determine environmental threats and opportunities
- Identify alternatives to enable mission execution
WF/Dets Roles and Responsibilities
- Conduct documentation functions
- Conduct weather integration and MEFP
- Provide installation and airfield weather services
- Provide aviation weather forecasting services
- Assist in identifying and developing weather support requirements for emerging technologies and weapon systems
Installation and Airfield Weather Services
- Consists of weather observing, TAF generation, METWATCH, and RP
- Units responsible for airfield observation evaluate conditions, prepare, and disseminate routine, local, and special weather observations
- Guidance on recording and disseminating observations can be found in AFMAN 15-111 and MAJCOM supplements
Mesoscale Processing Centers (MPCs)
- Provide global and regional graphical weather forecast, airfield, and installation (TAF and RP) support
- Offer specialized environmental information, space weather, and EMS products and services
- Include numerical weather modeling and visualization products and services, data collection and dissemination services
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Description
Coordinate with facilities to equip unit personnel with personal tactical equipment, and plan deployment logistics, including weather and readiness exercises.