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Questions and Answers
What was the obedience rate when the teacher and learner were in the same room?
What was the obedience rate when the teacher and learner were in the same room?
The obedience rate decreased when the experimenter was not physically present in the room.
The obedience rate decreased when the experimenter was not physically present in the room.
True
What was the highest voltage that participants were willing to administer in Milgram's study?
What was the highest voltage that participants were willing to administer in Milgram's study?
450V
When the experimenter was replaced by a confederate in ordinary clothing, obedience dropped to _____%.
When the experimenter was replaced by a confederate in ordinary clothing, obedience dropped to _____%.
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Match the following experimental conditions with their obedience rates:
Match the following experimental conditions with their obedience rates:
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What was the primary aim of Milgram's baseline study?
What was the primary aim of Milgram's baseline study?
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Milgram's study included participants of both genders equally.
Milgram's study included participants of both genders equally.
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Which researcher supported Milgram's findings on the effect of uniform on obedience?
Which researcher supported Milgram's findings on the effect of uniform on obedience?
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What psychological scale did participants in the electric shock experiment score highly on?
What psychological scale did participants in the electric shock experiment score highly on?
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The electric shock experiment had a high level of ecological validity.
The electric shock experiment had a high level of ecological validity.
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What term describes the feeling of being powerless to take action when obeying authority?
What term describes the feeling of being powerless to take action when obeying authority?
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What was the main ethical concern regarding the electric shock experiment?
What was the main ethical concern regarding the electric shock experiment?
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High authoritarian personality traits lead to less obedience.
High authoritarian personality traits lead to less obedience.
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What type of parenting can lead to the development of an authoritarian personality?
What type of parenting can lead to the development of an authoritarian personality?
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According to some studies, obedience is correlated with high scores on the _____ Scale.
According to some studies, obedience is correlated with high scores on the _____ Scale.
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What was one positive aspect of the electric shock experiment related to its sample?
What was one positive aspect of the electric shock experiment related to its sample?
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The presence of an authority figure can create an ______ shift in individuals' responses to situations of power.
The presence of an authority figure can create an ______ shift in individuals' responses to situations of power.
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Match the following studies with their focus:
Match the following studies with their focus:
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Match the following concerns with their corresponding descriptions:
Match the following concerns with their corresponding descriptions:
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What is one ethical issue discussed regarding obedience research?
What is one ethical issue discussed regarding obedience research?
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The findings from Milgram's experiment support the idea that some individuals will always obey authority figures.
The findings from Milgram's experiment support the idea that some individuals will always obey authority figures.
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Obedience is an individual act in response to social pressure.
Obedience is an individual act in response to social pressure.
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What does black and white thinking indicate about a person's view on uncertainty?
What does black and white thinking indicate about a person's view on uncertainty?
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What practical application can arise from the findings of the electric shock experiment?
What practical application can arise from the findings of the electric shock experiment?
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People learn societal structures from a young age through various authority figures.
People learn societal structures from a young age through various authority figures.
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What did Adorno used to measure authoritarian personality?
What did Adorno used to measure authoritarian personality?
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What is the relationship between authoritarian personality and obedience?
What is the relationship between authoritarian personality and obedience?
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The __________ state is when individuals feel responsible for their actions and act independently.
The __________ state is when individuals feel responsible for their actions and act independently.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Which of the following is a practical application of understanding obedience?
Which of the following is a practical application of understanding obedience?
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The study of obedience highlighted that individuals often challenge authority figures.
The study of obedience highlighted that individuals often challenge authority figures.
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In terms of social influence, what does the term 'obedience' specifically refer to?
In terms of social influence, what does the term 'obedience' specifically refer to?
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What is one limitation of Bickman's study on obedience?
What is one limitation of Bickman's study on obedience?
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The F Scale measures ideologies across the entire political spectrum.
The F Scale measures ideologies across the entire political spectrum.
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What alternative explanation is often cited regarding obedience aside from social factors?
What alternative explanation is often cited regarding obedience aside from social factors?
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Participants in obedience studies often exhibit __________ bias, leading to unreliable results.
Participants in obedience studies often exhibit __________ bias, leading to unreliable results.
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Match the following concepts related to obedience:
Match the following concepts related to obedience:
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Which assertion regarding the validity of obedience theories is true?
Which assertion regarding the validity of obedience theories is true?
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Obedience theories do not highlight the importance of individual personalities.
Obedience theories do not highlight the importance of individual personalities.
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What can decrease the reliability of obedience research results?
What can decrease the reliability of obedience research results?
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Study Notes
Milgram's Obedience Study
- Aim: To investigate how far participants would go in obeying an unjust order from an authority figure to inflict pain on another individual.
- Procedure: 40 male participants, various backgrounds, were recruited via an advertisement for a study on "punishment and learning". They were assigned the role of "teacher" and a confederate played the role of "learner". Participants were instructed to give electric shocks to the learner for incorrect answers. Shocks increased in 15-volt increments, ranging up to 450 volts (potentially fatal).
- Findings: All participants administered shocks up to 300 volts. 65% of participants delivered the maximum shock. Participants showed signs of stress and guilt.
- Conclusion: Direct orders from authority figures can influence obedience, even if it involves inflicting pain.
Situational Variables Affecting Obedience
- Proximity: Decreasing the physical distance between the teacher and learner reduced obedience.
- Location: Obedience decreased when the study was conducted in a less prestigious location.
- Uniform: Obedience decreased when the experimenter was replaced by an ordinary person in casual clothing.
Situational Explanation- Agentic State
- Concept: A psychological state in which an individual acts as an agent of authority, feeling less responsible for their actions.
- Process: An individual shifts from an autonomous state (feeling personally responsible) to an agentic state (feeling less responsible) when faced with an authority figure. They attribute responsibility to the authority figure.
- Evaluation: Research supports the agentic state through studies examining situational variables like proximity, location, and uniform (Milgram's baseline study, Bickman's research).
Situational Explanation- Legitimacy of Authority
- Concept: The belief that authority figures have the right to issue commands.
- Process: People obey authority figures due to the belief that they possess legitimate power and authority within a societal hierarchy.
- Evaluation: Research supports the legitimacy of authority concept. Bickman's research on obedience to figures in different uniform demonstrates how the perceived legitimacy of authority influences obedience.
Social Influence- Obedience SS20
Dispositional Explanation- Authoritarian Personality
- Concept: Certain personality traits make individuals more prone to obedience.
- Process: Strict and critical parenting styles can contribute to the development of an authoritarian personality, characterized by a desire to obey authority, a rigid adherence to social norms and stereotyping.
- Measurement: The F-scale (Fascism Scale) used to measure authoritarian personality.
- Evaluation: Research supports this explanation through correlations between high authoritarian personality scores and obedience in Milgram's experiments.
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Description
Test your understanding of Milgram's Obedience Study, which examined the extent of obedience to authority figures. Explore the aim, procedure, findings, and conclusions drawn from this groundbreaking research on human behavior.
