Questions and Answers
Physiology is most accurately described as the study of the ________.
functions of living organisms
The largest organ of the body is the _______.
skin
Appendages include _________.
Your skin contains what fraction of your body's primary immune cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the skin protect against?
Signup and view all the answers
The barrier function of the skin includes ______.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the average pH of the acid mantle?
Signup and view all the answers
What does TEWL stand for?
Signup and view all the answers
The intercellular cement between cells is made up of _________.
Signup and view all the answers
The immune cells that protect us from foreign substances are the _______.
Signup and view all the answers
Sensory nerve fibers are most abundant in the ________.
Signup and view all the answers
The average body's internal thermostat is set _____ degrees Fahrenheit.
Signup and view all the answers
Which glands excrete perspiration and detoxify the body?
Signup and view all the answers
The sebaceous glands _______.
Signup and view all the answers
Intercellular means _______ the cells.
Signup and view all the answers
It is important to understand the function of each layer of the skin because it helps you to correctly ________.
Signup and view all the answers
Estheticians are licensed to work on _____.
Signup and view all the answers
About 95% of the epidermis is made up of _______.
Signup and view all the answers
What describes Stratum Lucidum?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the average cell turnover rate for the skin cells of the epidermis?
Signup and view all the answers
Desquamation is the ________.
Signup and view all the answers
Squamous cells are ________.
Signup and view all the answers
Which layer of the epidermis is located just below the stratum corneum?
Signup and view all the answers
On which of these parts of the body is skin the thickest?
Signup and view all the answers
Keratin and intercellular lipids are formed in the _______.
Signup and view all the answers
Which layer of the skin produces melanin?
Signup and view all the answers
Mitosis occurs in which layer of the skin?
Signup and view all the answers
Which cells in the basal layer produce pigment granules?
Signup and view all the answers
The thickest layer of the skin is called the ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The 2 layers of the dermis are the _______.
Signup and view all the answers
_________ aid in the production of collagen and elastin.
Signup and view all the answers
The junction of the dermis and epidermis is called the _______ layer.
Signup and view all the answers
Stretch marks are caused by _______.
Signup and view all the answers
The primary cause of wrinkles is the damage and loss of _______.
Signup and view all the answers
Subcutis or _______ tissue is found below the reticular layer.
Signup and view all the answers
If you have folliculitis you have ________.
Signup and view all the answers
Which fibers stimulate the arrector pili muscles?
Signup and view all the answers
Differences in genetic skin color are due to ________.
Signup and view all the answers
Products that suppress melanin production by interrupting biochemical processes are referred to as __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Apocrine glands are most active ________.
Signup and view all the answers
What do cells need in order to survive?
Signup and view all the answers
What stimulates cell turnover?
Signup and view all the answers
Free radicals _______.
Signup and view all the answers
Identify the greatest aging effect on skin.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of these is an indication of free radical damage?
Signup and view all the answers
_________ are called the burning rays.
Signup and view all the answers
Approximately ________% of aging is caused by sun exposure.
Signup and view all the answers
As estrogen depletes, skin begins to ________.
Signup and view all the answers
Estrogen used in hormone replacement therapy can come from _______.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Physiology and Skin Overview
- Physiology studies the functions of living organisms.
- The skin is the largest organ of the body, playing a vital protective role.
- Skin appendages include hair, nails, sweat, and oil glands.
- The skin hosts approximately half of the body's primary immune cells.
- Primary functions of the skin are to protect against outside elements and microorganisms.
Skin Structure and Functions
- The skin's barrier function is supported by the acid mantle, with an average pH of 5.5.
- Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) refers to the loss of water through the skin.
- Intercellular cement, made of lipids, helps maintain skin structure and hydration.
Immune Response
- T cells are immune cells that protect against foreign substances.
- Sensory nerve fibers are concentrated in fingertips, enhancing tactile sensation.
Temperature Regulation
- The human body's internal thermostat averages 98.6°F.
- Sudoriferous glands excrete perspiration, helping in thermoregulation and detoxification.
Skin Gland Functions
- Sebaceous glands soften skin and secrete sebum, offering protection from external elements.
Skin Layers and Cellular Dynamics
- The epidermis is primarily composed of keratinocytes, which make up about 95% of the layer.
- Stratum Lucidum features clear cells and is located just below the stratum corneum, the outermost layer.
- Cell turnover rate in the epidermis averages 28 days, with desquamation being the shedding process of keratinocytes.
Epidermal Structure Details
- Squamous cells are flat and scaly; keratin and lipids are formed in the stratum granulosum.
- Melanin is produced in the stratum germinativum, where mitosis also occurs.
- Melanocytes are specialized cells in the basal layer responsible for pigment production.
Dermis Structure and Functions
- The dermis is the thickest skin layer, consisting of papillary and reticular layers.
- Fibroblasts in the dermis aid collagen and elastin production, providing skin elasticity and firmness.
- Stretch marks and wrinkles result from damaged elastin fibers and loss of elasticity.
Subcutaneous and Dermal Layers
- The subcutis, or adipose tissue, lies beneath the reticular layer of the dermis.
- The epidermis, dermis, and subcutis together create the skin's structural anatomy.
Skin Conditions and Gland Activity
- Folliculitis is characterized by ingrown hairs.
- Motor nerves stimulate arrector pili muscles, contributing to hair raising.
- Genetic differences in skin color stem from the varying amounts of melanin activated in the skin.
Skin Aging and Protection
- Tyrosinase inhibitors reduce melanin production by interrupting biochemical processes.
- Apocrine glands are primarily active during emotional changes.
- Essential for cell survival are nourishment, protection, and the ability to function.
- Alpha hydroxy acids can stimulate cell turnover, enhancing skin rejuvenation.
Free Radicals and Aging
- Free radicals act as "super oxidizers," damaging cell membranes and stealing electrons from other molecules.
- UV rays, especially UVB rays, are identified as primary factors in skin damage and aging, responsible for about 80-85% of aging.
- Red and inflamed skin serves as an indicator of free radical damage.
- With reduced estrogen levels, skin tonicity diminishes, leading to aging signs.
Hormonal Influences
- Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can utilize estrogen derived from plants or animals, impacting skin health and aging.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on the physiology and histology of the skin with these flashcards from Milady Esthetics Chapter 10. Focus on the functions of living organisms and the structure of the largest organ in the body. This quiz will help reinforce essential facts related to skin and its appendages.