Milady Esthetics Chapter 10 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Physiology is most accurately described as the study of the ________.

functions of living organisms

The largest organ of the body is the _______.

skin

Appendages include _________.

  • Hair (correct)
  • Sweat glands (correct)
  • Oil glands (correct)
  • Nails (correct)

    • Your skin contains what fraction of your body's primary immune cells?

    <p>one-half</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the skin protect against?

    <p>outside elements and micro-organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The barrier function of the skin includes ______.

    <p>acid mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average pH of the acid mantle?

    <p>5.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does TEWL stand for?

    <p>transepidermal water loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The intercellular cement between cells is made up of _________.

    <p>lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The immune cells that protect us from foreign substances are the _______.

    <p>T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sensory nerve fibers are most abundant in the ________.

    <p>fingertips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The average body's internal thermostat is set _____ degrees Fahrenheit.

    <p>98.6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glands excrete perspiration and detoxify the body?

    <p>sudoriferous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sebaceous glands _______.

    <p>All answers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Intercellular means _______ the cells.

    <p>between</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is important to understand the function of each layer of the skin because it helps you to correctly ________.

    <p>choose products and treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Estheticians are licensed to work on _____.

    <p>epidermis only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    About 95% of the epidermis is made up of _______.

    <p>keratinocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes Stratum Lucidum?

    <p>clear cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average cell turnover rate for the skin cells of the epidermis?

    <p>28 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Desquamation is the ________.

    <p>shedding of keratinocytes from the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Squamous cells are ________.

    <p>flat, scaly cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the epidermis is located just below the stratum corneum?

    <p>stratum lucidum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On which of these parts of the body is skin the thickest?

    <p>palms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Keratin and intercellular lipids are formed in the _______.

    <p>stratum granulosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the skin produces melanin?

    <p>stratum germinativum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mitosis occurs in which layer of the skin?

    <p>stratum germinativum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in the basal layer produce pigment granules?

    <p>melanocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The thickest layer of the skin is called the ______.

    <p>dermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 2 layers of the dermis are the _______.

    <p>papillary &amp; reticular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _________ aid in the production of collagen and elastin.

    <p>fibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The junction of the dermis and epidermis is called the _______ layer.

    <p>papillary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stretch marks are caused by _______.

    <p>damaged elastin fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary cause of wrinkles is the damage and loss of _______.

    <p>elastin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Subcutis or _______ tissue is found below the reticular layer.

    <p>adipose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you have folliculitis you have ________.

    <p>ingrown hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fibers stimulate the arrector pili muscles?

    <p>motor nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Differences in genetic skin color are due to ________.

    <p>amount of melanin activated in the skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Products that suppress melanin production by interrupting biochemical processes are referred to as __________.

    <p>tyrosinase inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apocrine glands are most active ________.

    <p>during emotional changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do cells need in order to survive?

    <p>All answers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates cell turnover?

    <p>alpha hydroxy acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Free radicals _______.

    <p>All answers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the greatest aging effect on skin.

    <p>UV rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is an indication of free radical damage?

    <p>red, inflamed skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _________ are called the burning rays.

    <p>UVB rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately ________% of aging is caused by sun exposure.

    <p>80 to 85</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As estrogen depletes, skin begins to ________.

    <p>lose its tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Estrogen used in hormone replacement therapy can come from _______.

    <p>plants or animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Physiology and Skin Overview

    • Physiology studies the functions of living organisms.
    • The skin is the largest organ of the body, playing a vital protective role.
    • Skin appendages include hair, nails, sweat, and oil glands.
    • The skin hosts approximately half of the body's primary immune cells.
    • Primary functions of the skin are to protect against outside elements and microorganisms.

    Skin Structure and Functions

    • The skin's barrier function is supported by the acid mantle, with an average pH of 5.5.
    • Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) refers to the loss of water through the skin.
    • Intercellular cement, made of lipids, helps maintain skin structure and hydration.

    Immune Response

    • T cells are immune cells that protect against foreign substances.
    • Sensory nerve fibers are concentrated in fingertips, enhancing tactile sensation.

    Temperature Regulation

    • The human body's internal thermostat averages 98.6°F.
    • Sudoriferous glands excrete perspiration, helping in thermoregulation and detoxification.

    Skin Gland Functions

    • Sebaceous glands soften skin and secrete sebum, offering protection from external elements.

    Skin Layers and Cellular Dynamics

    • The epidermis is primarily composed of keratinocytes, which make up about 95% of the layer.
    • Stratum Lucidum features clear cells and is located just below the stratum corneum, the outermost layer.
    • Cell turnover rate in the epidermis averages 28 days, with desquamation being the shedding process of keratinocytes.

    Epidermal Structure Details

    • Squamous cells are flat and scaly; keratin and lipids are formed in the stratum granulosum.
    • Melanin is produced in the stratum germinativum, where mitosis also occurs.
    • Melanocytes are specialized cells in the basal layer responsible for pigment production.

    Dermis Structure and Functions

    • The dermis is the thickest skin layer, consisting of papillary and reticular layers.
    • Fibroblasts in the dermis aid collagen and elastin production, providing skin elasticity and firmness.
    • Stretch marks and wrinkles result from damaged elastin fibers and loss of elasticity.

    Subcutaneous and Dermal Layers

    • The subcutis, or adipose tissue, lies beneath the reticular layer of the dermis.
    • The epidermis, dermis, and subcutis together create the skin's structural anatomy.

    Skin Conditions and Gland Activity

    • Folliculitis is characterized by ingrown hairs.
    • Motor nerves stimulate arrector pili muscles, contributing to hair raising.
    • Genetic differences in skin color stem from the varying amounts of melanin activated in the skin.

    Skin Aging and Protection

    • Tyrosinase inhibitors reduce melanin production by interrupting biochemical processes.
    • Apocrine glands are primarily active during emotional changes.
    • Essential for cell survival are nourishment, protection, and the ability to function.
    • Alpha hydroxy acids can stimulate cell turnover, enhancing skin rejuvenation.

    Free Radicals and Aging

    • Free radicals act as "super oxidizers," damaging cell membranes and stealing electrons from other molecules.
    • UV rays, especially UVB rays, are identified as primary factors in skin damage and aging, responsible for about 80-85% of aging.
    • Red and inflamed skin serves as an indicator of free radical damage.
    • With reduced estrogen levels, skin tonicity diminishes, leading to aging signs.

    Hormonal Influences

    • Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can utilize estrogen derived from plants or animals, impacting skin health and aging.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the physiology and histology of the skin with these flashcards from Milady Esthetics Chapter 10. Focus on the functions of living organisms and the structure of the largest organ in the body. This quiz will help reinforce essential facts related to skin and its appendages.

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