Milady Chemical Texture Services Quiz & Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Rods that are equal in circumference along their entire length or curling area are:

Spiral rods

Curved rods

Concave rods

Straight rods (correct)

What is the chemical reaction called that breaks disulfide bonds in the cortex during permanent waving?

reduction

Chains that are formed by peptide bonds that are linked together are:

Amino acids

Polypeptides (correct)

Proteins

Lipids

What is the tough exterior layer of the hair structure called?

cuticle Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of numbers used in the pH scale?

0 to 14 Signup and view all the answers

What is the angle at which a permanent wave rod is positioned on the head called?

base direction Signup and view all the answers

What bonds does a correct permanent wave service alter?

side bonds Signup and view all the answers

In permanent waving, what are the smaller subsections of hair called?

base sections Signup and view all the answers

Waves that are activated from an outside heat source are considered:

endothermic Signup and view all the answers

More than any other single factor, what determines the ability of the hair to hold a curl?

elasticity Signup and view all the answers

In permanent waving, the size of the curl is determined by the:

rod size Signup and view all the answers

What is the cortex layer of the hair structure responsible for?

strength and elasticity Signup and view all the answers

What type of chemical solution is required for coarse, resistant hair with a strong compact cuticle?

highly alkaline Signup and view all the answers

Hair that has too many disulfide bonds broken and will not hold a firm curl is considered:

overprocessed Signup and view all the answers

In a basic perm wrap, all rods within a panel move in the same direction, and the base control is:

half off base Signup and view all the answers

Hair coloring products that contain metallic salts are not compatible with:

permanent waving Signup and view all the answers

Before applying a neutralizer to the hair, it should be thoroughly:

rinsed Signup and view all the answers

How should the bands of permanent wave rods be fastened?

straight across the top of the rod Signup and view all the answers

What is the main active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline permanent waves?

ammonium thioglycolate Signup and view all the answers

All acid waves have three components consisting of the waving lotion, neutralizer, and:

activator Signup and view all the answers

The term used to describe the diameter of a single strand of hair is:

texture Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of stopping the action of permanent waves and hardening the hair into its new form called?

neutralization Signup and view all the answers

The double rod technique is also called the:

piggyback wrap Signup and view all the answers

Another term that is used to describe the medulla of the hair structure is the:

core Signup and view all the answers

What are the building blocks of proteins?

amino acids Signup and view all the answers

Permanent wave rods that produce a tighter curl in the center and looser curl on either side of the strand are:

concave rods Signup and view all the answers

What are the long, coiled polypeptide chains that make up approximately 97 percent of the hair's structure?

keratin proteins Signup and view all the answers

Most acid waves have a pH value between:

7.8 and 8.2 Signup and view all the answers

To change the natural wave pattern of hair, the side bond of what layer of hair must be broken?

cortex Signup and view all the answers

Most alkaline permanent waves have a pH between:

9.0 and 9.6 Signup and view all the answers

What wrapping technique provides the most control over hair ends and keeps them evenly distributed over the entire length of the rods?

double flat wrap Signup and view all the answers

What are the most common reducing agents used in thio-free waves?

mercaptamine or cysteamine Signup and view all the answers

What are the two methods of wrapping the hair around a perm rod?

croquignole and spiral Signup and view all the answers

In the croquignole method of wrapping, the hair is wound from:

ends to scalp Signup and view all the answers

What is the wrap used on endpaper folded in half over the hair ends like an envelope called?

bookend wrap Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided with on-base rod placement to prevent additional stress on hair?

stress and tension Signup and view all the answers

In permanent waving, what determines the shape and type of curl?

wrapping method Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of permanently altering the natural wave pattern of hair called?

chemical texture services Signup and view all the answers

In permanent waving, the reduction reaction is due to the addition of:

hydrogen Signup and view all the answers

All perm wraps begin by sectioning the hair into:

panels Signup and view all the answers

Chemical services performed on overly porous hair require solutions that are:

low pH Signup and view all the answers

What are the most common reducing agents used?

thioglycolic acids Signup and view all the answers

Chemical services should not be performed if the scalp analysis shows any signs of:

abrasions Signup and view all the answers

An acid with a low pH that is the primary reducing agent in acid waves is:

glyceryl monothioglycolate Signup and view all the answers

What are the two important functions performed during the neutralization process?

deactivates solution and rebuilds disulfide bonds Signup and view all the answers

The term used to measure the hydrogen ions in a solution that determine its alkalinity or acidity is:

potential hydrogen Signup and view all the answers

What is key to ensuring complete penetration of permanent wave solution on coarse hair?

saturation of the cortex Signup and view all the answers

Weak physical side bonds resulting from an attraction between negative and positive electrical charges are called:

salt bonds Signup and view all the answers

Hydrogen bonds are easily broken by water or heat and are re-formed when the hair is:

dried Signup and view all the answers

What do exothermic waves create that heats the solution and speeds up processing?

chemical reaction Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chemical Texture Services - Permanent Waving

Straight Rods: Rods with uniform circumference from end to end, providing even curls.
Reduction Reaction: The waving solution affects disulfide bonds in the cortex through a chemical reaction known as reduction.
Polypeptides: Chains formed by linked peptide bonds, integral to hair structure.
Cuticle Layer: The outermost tough layer of the hair, critical for protection.
pH Scale: Ranges from 0 to 14; below 7 is acidic, above 7 is basic.
Base Direction: Refers to the angle at which the perm rod is positioned on the head during the wrapping process.
Side Bonds: Permanent wave services specifically alter these bonds to change hair structure.
Base Sections: Smaller subsections of hair created from dividing panels during permanent waving.
Endothermic Waves: These waves require an external heat source for activation.
Elasticity: The most crucial factor influencing hair's ability to hold a curl.
Rod Size: Determines the size of the curl in permanent waving.
Cortex's Role: Responsible for hair's strength and elasticity, housing most of the hair's structure.
Chemical Solutions for Resistant Hair: Coarse hair with a compact cuticle needs highly alkaline solutions for effective restructuring.
Overprocessed Hair: Hair that has had too many disulfide bonds broken, leading to weak curl retention.
Basic Perm Wrap: Involves all rods moving in the same direction with half-off base control.
Metallic Salts: Found in some hair coloring products, incompatible with permanent waving services.
Neutralizer Application: Requires the hair to be thoroughly rinsed before application to stop the waving process.
Rod Bands: Should be smooth and fastened straight across the top to ensure even tension.
Active Ingredient in Alkaline Waves: Ammonium thioglycolate serves as the primary reducing agent.
Acid Waves Components: Include the waving lotion, neutralizer, and activator.
Hair Texture: Refers to the diameter of a single hair strand, affecting style choices.
Neutralization Process: Stops the action of perm solutions and hardens hair into the new shape.
Double Rod Technique: Also known as the piggyback wrap, improves curl definition for long hair.
Medulla: Another term for the core of the hair structure, lesser-known than cuticle and cortex.
Amino Acids: The fundamental building blocks of proteins that compose hair.
Concave Rods: Create tighter curls at the center and looser curls at the sides, varying curl patterns.
Keratin Proteins: Long chains making up about 97% of hair’s structure, providing strength.
Acid Wave pH: Typically ranges from 7.8 to 8.2, lower than alkaline waves.
Cortex Side Bonds: Must be broken to alter the natural wave pattern of hair.
Alkaline Wave pH: Generally between 9.0 and 9.6, creating stronger curls.
Double Flat Wrap: A technique that provides excellent control of hair ends during the waving process.
Thio-Free Waves: Use mercaptamine or cysteamine as common reducing agents to avoid harsh chemicals.
Wrapping Techniques: Include croquignole (from ends to scalp) and spiral methods for varied curl results.
Bookend Wrap: Utilizes endpaper folded over hair ends, resembling an envelope closure.
On-Base Rod Placement: Requires caution to prevent extra stress and tension on the hair.
Curl Shape Determinants: The shape of the perm rod and the method of wrapping influence curl formation.
Chemical Texture Services: Involves permanently altering hair's natural wave pattern.
Hydrogen Addition: Facilitates the reduction reaction during permanent waving.
Panel Sectioning: The process begins by dividing hair into panels for more precise application.
Low pH Solutions: Used for chemically treating overly porous hair, ensuring gentler care.
Thioglycolic Acids: Widely used reducing agents in permanent waving services.
Scalp Analysis: Essential to check for abrasions before performing any chemical services.
Reducing Agent in Acid Waves: Glyceryl monothioglycolate, crucial for effective chemical waving.
Neutralization Functions: Include deactivating the waving solution and rebuilding disulfide bonds.
Potential Hydrogen: The term used to quantify hydrogen ions in a solution, determining its acidity or alkalinity.
Saturation of Cortex: Ensures complete absorption of permanent wave solution in coarse hair.
Salt Bonds: Weak physical side bonds that form due to attractions between opposing electrical charges.
Hydrogen Bonds: Easily broken by water or heat and reformed when hair dries, affecting style longevity.
Exothermic Waves: Generate heat through a chemical reaction, accelerating the processing time.

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Test your knowledge on permanent waving and chemical texture services with these flashcards. Each card focuses on key terms and concepts essential for understanding chemical processes in hair treatment. Perfect for students in cosmetology or anyone looking to deepen their knowledge in this field.

Milady Chemical Texture Services Flashcards