Milady Chapter 8 Skin Disorders Flashcards

Skin Lesions and Characteristics

• Lesion: A mark indicating injury or damage altering skin structure.
• Bulla: A large blister filled with watery fluid, larger than a vesicle.
• Macule: A flat, discolored area on the skin, such as freckles or birthmarks.
• Papule: A small elevation on the skin, often referred to as a pimple, containing no fluid but may develop pus.
• Tumor: An abnormal tissue mass capable of independent growth, not serving a bodily function.
• Secondary Skin Lesions: Include materials on the skin surface like crusts, scabs, or depressions such as ulcers.

Types of Skin Conditions

• Crust: Formed from dead cells covering a healing wound, combining sebum, pus, and epidermal material.
• Fissure: A crack in the skin penetrating the epidermis, commonly found in chapped hands or lips.
• Keloid: A thick scar resulting from excessive fibrous tissue growth.
• Scale: Thin, flaky plates of skin, which can be dry or oily, such as excessive dandruff.

Specific Skin Disorders

• Ulcer: An open lesion on the skin or mucous membrane, accompanied by pus and skin depth loss.
• Whiteheads: Closed comedones, dilated hair follicles filled with keratin, sebum, and bacteria.
• Milia: Benign, keratin-filled cysts beneath the epidermis with no visible openings, resembling small sesame seeds.
• Acne/Acne Vulgaris: A chronic inflammatory condition resulting in pustular eruptions from excess sebum production.
• Seborrheic Dermatitis: Inflammation of sebaceous glands, leading to scaling, crusting, and possible itchiness.
• Rosacea: Chronic congestion primarily affecting the cheeks and nose, with redness and papule/pustule formation.

Additional Skin Conditions

• Hyperhidrosis: Excessive sweating due to heat or general body weakness.
• Herpes Simplex: A viral infection manifesting as fever blisters or cold sores.
• Psoriasis: Characterized by red patches and silver-white scales, commonly found on scalp, elbows, and knees.
• Albinism: Congenital lack of melanin, affecting skin, hair, and eye pigmentation.
• Verruca (Wart): A viral-induced hypertrophy of papillae and epidermis, infectious and contagious.

Skin Cancer Types

• Basal Cell Carcinoma: The most common and least severe skin cancer, recognized by light or pearly nodules.
• Malignant Melanoma: The most serious skin cancer, presenting as black or dark brown patches with uneven texture or jagged edges.

Effects of Aging on Skin

• Sun Rays: Responsible for 80-85% of skin aging.
• Elastin and Collagen: These proteins naturally weaken with age, affecting skin elasticity and firmness.