Milady's Chapter 7 Skin Flashcards

Skin Disorders and Functions

• Acne is a common skin disorder, also known as acne vulgaris, characterized by chronic inflammation of sebaceous glands due to retained secretions and the presence of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria.
• Sebaceous Glands produce sebum, a fatty substance that lubricates the skin and keeps hair soft; these glands are connected to hair follicles.

Skin Anatomy

• Dermis: Known as true skin, it consists of two main layers: the papillary layer and the reticular layer; it houses vital components such as blood vessels, fat cells, and glands.
• Epidermis: The outermost, thinnest layer of skin, comprising five distinct strata: stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum germinativum.

Skin Structures

• Arrector Pili Muscles: Small involuntary muscles found at the base of hair follicles, responsible for causing goosebumps.
• Dermal Papillae: Cone-shaped elevations that support the hair follicle and provide nutrients.
• Papillary Layer: The outer layer of the dermis that lies directly beneath the epidermis and contains nerve endings.

Skin Pigments and Proteins

• Melanin: Pigment produced by melanocytes, influencing skin color; includes two types:
  • Eumelanin: Dark brown to black, prevalent in darker-skinned individuals.
  • Pheomelanin: Red to yellow, predominantly found in lighter-skinned individuals.
• Keratin: A fibrous protein that forms hair and nails and is a significant component of skin structure.
• Collagen: A fibrous protein that provides skin with strength and form.
• Elastin: Similar to collagen, it forms elastic tissue, allowing skin to maintain its firmness and flexibility.

Skin Conditions

• Comedo: A hair follicle filled with keratin and sebum, commonly referred to as a blackhead.
• Papule: A small elevation on the skin, typically solid and fluid-free, which can develop into a pimple.
• Pustule: An inflamed papule containing pus at its apex, often seen in acne.
• Callus: Thickened skin resulting from repeated pressure, particularly on hands and feet.

Professional Roles

• Dermatologist: A physician specializing in skin, hair, and nail disorders.
• Esthetician: A specialist focused on skincare, beautification, and maintenance of skin health.

Nerve Fibers and Responses

• Motor Nerve Fibers: Impulses from the brain to muscles, including those attached to hair follicles (arrector pili).
• Sensory Nerve Fibers: Responsible for transmitting sensations from the skin to the brain.
• Secretory Nerve Fibers: Regulate perspiration from sweat glands and control sebum flow, part of the autonomic nervous system.

Additional Terminology

• Secretory Coil: The coiled base of a sweat gland, also referred to as the fundus.
• Reticular Layer: The deeper layer of the dermis that provides nutrients and oxygen to the skin, containing glands, blood vessels, and nerve endings.

Test your knowledge on skin terminology and conditions with these flashcards from Milady's Chapter 7. Each card features key terms like acne, arrector pili muscles, and calluses along with their definitions. Perfect for students studying esthetics and skincare.