Milady Chapter 21 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Clients who have their hair colored usually visit the salon every ______ weeks.

3-12

What is the professional term for artificial haircoloring products and services?

Haircolor

What determines which haircolor to use?

Structure of the client's hair and the desired results.

The cortex contributes about ______ percent to the overall strength of the hair.

<p>80</p> Signup and view all the answers

The natural coloring pigment found in the cortex layer of the hair is ______.

<p>Melanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hair texture is determined by the diameter of individual hair ______.

<p>Strands</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fine hair takes color faster and can look darker because the melanin granules are grouped ______.

<p>tightly</p> Signup and view all the answers

The hair type with a large diameter that can take longer to process hair color is ______ hair.

<p>Coarse</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ability of the hair to absorb moisture known as?

<p>Porosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ is when the cuticle is tight and the hair is resistant.

<p>Low porosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

When the cuticle is slightly raised and processes in an average amount of time, the hair would be said to have ______.

<p>Average porosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

When the cuticle is lifted and the hair takes color quickly, the hair would be said to have ______.

<p>High porosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

To test for porosity, take several strands from four different areas of the head: the front hairline, the temple, the crown, and the ______.

<p>nape</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of melanin gives black and brown color to the hair?

<p>Eumelanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of melanin gives blond and red colors to the hair?

<p>Pheomelanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

The varying degrees of warmth exposed during a permanent color or lightening process are known as what?

<p>Undertone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measurement that identifies the lightness or darkness of a color?

<p>Level</p> Signup and view all the answers

What system is used by colorists to analyze hair color?

<p>Level system</p> Signup and view all the answers

The darkest hair colors in the level system are identified as being a level 1, while the lightest hair colors in the level system are a level ______.

<p>10</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the most valuable tools for identifying the natural level in the hair?

<p>Color wheel</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is color described in relation to objects?

<p>As a property that depends on the light they reflect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the system used for understanding color relationships?

<p>Law of color</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fundamental or pure colors that cannot be achieved from a mixture are known as ______.

<p>Primary colors</p> Signup and view all the answers

Colors with a predominance of blue are [blank] colors, whereas colors with a predominance of red and/or yellow are [blank] colors.

<p>Cool, Warm</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary color brings depth or darkness to any color?

<p>Blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the resulting color when all three primary colors are present in equal proportions?

<p>It becomes Black.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A color obtained by mixing equal parts of two primary colors is called a what?

<p>Secondary color</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a color achieved by mixing equal parts of a secondary color and its neighboring primary color on the color wheel called?

<p>Tertiary color</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do you call primary and secondary colors that are positioned opposite each other on the color wheel?

<p>Complementary colors</p> Signup and view all the answers

The hue or balance of color seen in the hair is referred to as what?

<p>Tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tones can be described as cool, warm, or what?

<p>Neutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

Warm tones reflect more light, therefore they look lighter than their actual level.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cool tones absorb more light, therefore they look deeper than their actual level.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does intensity refer to in hair coloring?

<p>The strength of the color.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the predominant tone of a color?

<p>Base</p> Signup and view all the answers

Each color is identified by a number and a letter; what does the number indicate?

<p>The level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Neutral base colors are often used to cover ______ hair.

<p>Gray</p> Signup and view all the answers

Non-oxidative hair color is classified at temporary and ______.

<p>Semipermanent</p> Signup and view all the answers

Oxidative hair color is classified as demipermanent (deposit only) and ______.

<p>Permanent</p> Signup and view all the answers

All hair coloring products require a patch test, with the exception of ______ colors.

<p>Temporary</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do all permanent hair coloring products and lighteners contain in their composition?

<p>An alkalizing ingredient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Coloring products that have a coating action on the hair and are removed by shampooing are ______ colors.

<p>Temporary</p> Signup and view all the answers

Demipermanent colors are also known as no-lift, ______ colors.

<p>Deposit-only</p> Signup and view all the answers

Permanent coloring products are regarded as best for covering gray hair.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are dye precursors that combine with hydrogen peroxide to form larger, permanent dye molecules called?

<p>Aniline derivatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

Metallic hair colors are also known as what?

<p>Gradual colors</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are natural hair colors, also known as vegetable hair colors, obtained from?

<p>From the leaves or bark of plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hair coloring products that change color gradually by progressive buildup and exposure to air contain ______.

<p>Metallic salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ is the most commonly used developer and an oxidizing agent.

<p>Hydrogen peroxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is measured in terms of volume regarding hydrogen peroxide?

<p>The concentration and strength.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The standard volume of hydrogen peroxide used to achieve most results with permanent hair color is ______.

<p>20 volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are chemical compounds that lighten hair by dispersing, dissolving, and decolorizing the natural pigment called?

<p>Lighteners</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which oxygen is released within the cortex of the hair shaft?

<p>Oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process in which the hair is pre-lightened and then toned known as?

<p>Double-process application</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the process of decolorizing, natural hair can go through as many as ______.

<p>10 stages</p> Signup and view all the answers

What allows the colorist to create the exact degree of [blank] pigment?

<p>Decolorizing the hair's natural pigment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are hair coloring products used primarily on pre-lightened hair to achieve pale and delicate colors called?

<p>Toners</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of a color service is critical?

<p>Haircolor consultation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should clients with hair in questionable condition be required to sign?

<p>Release statement/form</p> Signup and view all the answers

When applying color using the brush-and-bowl method, the mixing bowl should be ______.

<p>Non-metallic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must the client have before performing a coloring service with an aniline derivative product?

<p>Patch test</p> Signup and view all the answers

The U.S. Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act prescribes that a predisposition test be given ______ prior to application.

<p>24-48 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

Single hair coloring lightens hair and deposits color in one application.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Examples of single-process permanent coloring applications are virgin color applications and what?

<p>Color retouch applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ application refers to the first time the hair is colored.

<p>Virgin</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ is a non-ammonia color that adds shine and tone to the hair.

<p>Glaze</p> Signup and view all the answers

You should NEVER apply hair color to a client if the scalp has any obvious signs of what?

<p>Abrasions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can overlapping hair color on previously tinted hair cause?

<p>Demarcation and breakage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ is the first step of double-process hair coloring.

<p>Pre-lightening</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are lighteners that have a thicker consistency and give more control during scalp application known as?

<p>Cream lighteners</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are powdered persulfate salts added to hair color to increase its lightening ability called?

<p>Activators</p> Signup and view all the answers

Powdered off-the-scalp lighteners contain persulfate salts for ______ and stronger lightening.

<p>quicker</p> Signup and view all the answers

The part of the hair shaft between the scalp and the hair that has been previously colored is known as ______.

<p>New growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

What coloring technique involves coloring some strands of hair lighter than the natural color?

<p>Highlighting</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the technique of coloring strands of hair darker than the natural color known as?

<p>Reverse highlighting or lowlighting</p> Signup and view all the answers

Zigzag motion is ______.

<p>A technique for applying color.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the technique using a free-form painting of hair lightener directly onto clean, styled hair called?

<p>Baliage</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of treating gray or very resistant hair to allow for better penetration of color known as?

<p>Pre-softening</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is a patch test generally conducted?

<p>Behind the ear or inside the elbow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When applying color for a single-process retouch application, the color should be applied to the new growth using ______ partings.

<p>1/4 inch</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hair Coloring Basics

  • Clients typically visit the salon every 3 to 12 weeks for hair coloring services.
  • Haircolor refers to artificial hair coloring products and services used in professional settings.

Hair Structure and Strength

  • The structure of the client's hair helps determine the appropriate haircolor to use.
  • The cortex, or middle layer of hair, contributes 80% to the overall strength and elasticity.

Hair Pigment and Texture

  • Melanin is the natural pigment found in the hair's cortex.
  • Hair texture is based on the diameter of individual hair strands, with fine hair taking color faster due to tightly grouped melanin granules.

Porosity Types

  • Porosity refers to the hair's ability to absorb moisture.
  • Low porosity has a tightly packed cuticle, making it difficult for moisture to penetrate.
  • Average porosity indicates a slightly raised cuticle, allowing for normal processing times.
  • High porosity has a lifted cuticle and absorbs color quickly.

Color Theory

  • Eumelanin contributes black and brown hair colors, while pheomelanin provides blond and red hues.
  • Undertone refers to the warmth exposed during hair coloring processes, while levels gauge the lightness or darkness of color.
  • The color wheel is vital for identifying a hair’s natural level and understanding color relationships via the law of color.

Color Characteristics

  • Cool colors reflect blue undertones, while warm colors highlight red and yellow.
  • Tones can be described as cool, warm, or neutral, with warm tones appearing lighter and cool tones looking deeper.

Hair Coloring Products

  • Semipermanent and permanent colors are types of oxidative hair color; the latter can lift and deposit color.
  • Non-oxidative temporary colors coat the hair and are removed through shampooing.
  • Aniline derivatives are dye precursors that create permanent color when mixed with hydrogen peroxide.

Hair Coloring Procedures

  • Hydrogen peroxide acts as a developer in hair coloring, with 20 volume being standard for permanent haircolor results.
  • Lighteners disperse and decolorize natural pigments in the hair.
  • Oxidation processes release oxygen within the hair for color change.

Application Techniques

  • Single-process coloring lightens and deposits color in one step, such as virgin applications and color retouches.
  • The double-process method pre-lightens and then tones hair.
  • Techniques like highlighting and lowlighting involve coloring strands lighter or darker than the natural color.

Safety and Testing

  • A consultation is crucial before any color service, especially for clients with compromised hair conditions, who must sign a release statement.
  • Patch tests must be conducted 24-48 hours prior to using aniline derivative products to check for allergic reactions.
  • Do not apply hair color to scalps with visible abrasions.

Advanced Techniques

  • Pre-softening assists in coloring gray or resistant hair.
  • Cream lighteners offer better control for scalp applications, while powdered lighteners provide quicker, stronger lightening through activated persulfate salts.

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Test your knowledge with flashcards from Milady Chapter 21, focusing on hair coloring terminology and practices. Each card presents a key term related to hair color that is essential for professionals in the beauty industry. Perfect for students and practitioners looking to enhance their understanding of hair color concepts.

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