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Milady Ch. 13 Electricity Basics
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Milady Ch. 13 Electricity Basics

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List three reasons why a cosmetologist should study and have a thorough understanding of the basics of electricity.

  1. Cosmetologists use and rely upon a variety of electrical appliances. 2) A basic understanding of electricity will enable proper use and care for equipment. 3) Electricity impacts aspects of the salon environment, such as lighting and temperature of styling irons.

What is the movement of electrons from one atom to another along a conductor called?

Electricity

When in motion, electricity exhibits what types of effects?

Magnetic, chemical, or thermal

What is the flow of electricity along a conductor called?

<p>Electric current</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sparks are the visual form of electricity.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Any material that allows electricity to pass through easily is called a(n)

<p>Conductor</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a particularly good conductor?

<p>Copper</p> Signup and view all the answers

A material that does not transmit electricity is a(n), also known as a(n)

<p>Nonconductor; insulator</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not an insulator?

<p>Tap Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the path of negative and positive electric currents moving from the source back to the generating source called?

<p>Complete electric current</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the two types of electric current.

<p>Direct Current and Alternating Current</p> Signup and view all the answers

Direct current is a constant, even-flowing current that travels in what direction and is produced by what?

<p>One direction; chemical means</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alternating current is defined as what?

<p>A rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What apparatus changes direct current to alternating current?

<p>An inverter</p> Signup and view all the answers

What apparatus changes alternating current to direct current?

<p>A rectifier</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashlights use what type of current?

<p>Direct</p> Signup and view all the answers

Curling irons use what type of current?

<p>Alternating</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mobile phones use what type of current?

<p>Direct</p> Signup and view all the answers

Table lamps use what type of current?

<p>Alternating</p> Signup and view all the answers

Car batteries provide what type of current?

<p>Direct</p> Signup and view all the answers

Electric files use what type of current?

<p>Alternating</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a volt measure?

<p>The pressure or force that pushes electric current forward through a conductor</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an ampere measure?

<p>The strength of an electrical current</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a milliampere?

<p>Equals 1/1,000 of an ampere</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an ohm measure?

<p>The resistance of an electric current</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a watt measure?

<p>How much electric energy is used in one second</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a kilowatt?

<p>Equals 1,000 watts</p> Signup and view all the answers

When electrical wires in a wall overheat, they could result in a(n)

<p>Electrical shock, burn, or serious fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a device that prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit called?

<p>Fuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a circuit breaker?

<p>A switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric circuit at the first indication of overload</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does UL stand for?

<p>Underwriters Laboratories</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the UL symbol mean when it is found on an electrical appliance?

<p>The device is safely approved</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is grounding?

<p>Completes an electric circuit and carries the current safely away.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the 14 safety guidelines that you should adhere to when using electric appliances in the salon.

<ol> <li>All electrical appliances should be UL certified. 2) Read all instructions before use. 3) Disconnect all appliances when not in use. 4) Inspect all equipment regularly. 5) Keep wires and plugs in good repair. 6) Use only one plug per outlet. 7) Avoid contact with water and metal surfaces. 8) Keep cords off the floor. 9) Do not leave clients unattended. 10) Do not clean around outlets while plugged in. 11) Do not touch two metal objects at once if connected to current. 12) Do not place objects on cords. 13) Do not allow cords to become twisted. 14) Do not attempt to repair appliances yourself.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

The use of what to treat the skin is commonly referred to as electrotherapy?

<p>Electrical currents</p> Signup and view all the answers

Currents used in electrical facial and scalp treatments are all called?

<p>Modalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an applicator for directing electric current from an electrotherapy device to the client's skin called?

<p>Probe</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the positive or negative poles of an electric current called?

<p>Electrodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color is the positive electrode usually?

<p>Red</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color is the negative electrode usually?

<p>Black</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the three modalities used in cosmetology.

<ol> <li>Galvanic Current 2) Microcurrent 3) Tesla high-frequency current</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What type of current produces chemical changes when it passes through tissues?

<p>Galvanic current</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the electrode used on the area to be treated called?

<p>Active electrode</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of infusing water-soluble products into the skin with electric current called?

<p>Iontophoresis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What infuses an acidic product into deeper tissues using galvanic current?

<p>Cataphoresis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What infuses an alkaline product into the tissues from the negative pole toward the positive pole?

<p>Anaphoresis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process used to soften and emulsify grease deposits and blackheads in the hair follicles?

<p>Desincrustation</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client with pustular acne is a good candidate for receiving negative galvanic current.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

An extremely low level of electricity that mirrors the body's natural electrical impulses is called?

<p>Microcurrent</p> Signup and view all the answers

List nine ways low-level electricity may be beneficial to clients.

<ol> <li>Improves blood circulation 2) Produces acidic and alkaline reactions 3) Opens and loosens hair follicles and pores 4) Increases muscle tone 5) Restores elasticity 6) Reduces redness and inflammation 7) Minimizes healing time for acne lesions 8) Improves the natural protective barrier of the skin 9) Increases metabolism</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What type of current is a thermal or heat-producing current with a high rate of oscillation used for scalp and facial treatments?

<p>Tesla high-frequency current</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Tesla current electrodes are made from either what?

<p>Glass or metal</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the five benefits from the use of Tesla high-frequency current.

<ol> <li>Stimulates blood circulation 2) Increases elimination and absorption 3) Increases skin metabolism 4) Improves germicidal action 5) Relieves skin congestion</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are conventional hood hair dryers/heat lamps used for?

<p>Sources of dry heat that can shorten chemical processing time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of an iconic hair dryer?

<p>Effective at combating static electricity and flyaway hair.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do electric curling and flat irons use for heat?

<p>Built-in heating elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do heating caps provide?

<p>A uniform source of heat for hair and scalp conditioning treatments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do hair color processing machines do?

<p>Shorten the time it takes to process chemical hair services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of heat do steamers or vaporizers provide?

<p>Uniform heat that can be applied to the head or face.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does light therapy equipment include?

<p>Lasers, light-emitting diodes (LED), and intense pulse light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

<p>The name given to all of the forms of energy or radiation that exists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distance between successive peaks of electromagnetic waves called?

<p>Wavelength</p> Signup and view all the answers

Long wavelengths have low frequency, meaning that the number of waves is what?

<p>Less frequent</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the electromagnetic spectrum can be seen?

<p>Visible spectrum of light</p> Signup and view all the answers

Visible light makes up only what percentage of natural sunlight?

<p>35%</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes Ultraviolet and Infrared light invisible?

<p>Their wavelengths are beyond the visible spectrum of light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some other names for ultraviolet light?

<p>UV light, cold light, or actinic light</p> Signup and view all the answers

List six characteristics of ultraviolet light.

<ol> <li>Short wavelengths 2) Less penetrating than visible light 3) Causes chemical reactions quickly 4) Produces less heat 5) Kills some germs 6) Prompts vitamin D production</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of UV light is often used in tanning beds?

<p>UVA</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has longer wavelengths, penetrates more deeply, and produces more heat than visible light?

<p>Infrared light</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some uses for infrared light in the salon?

<p>Hair conditioning treatments, process hair color, and spas and saunas for relaxation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are substances that speed up chemical reactions called?

<p>Catalysts</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is light therapy?

<p>Application of light rays to the skin for the treatment of wrinkles, capillaries, pigmentation, or hair removal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym LASER stand for?

<p>Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the process of photothermolysis do?

<p>Turns the light from the laser device into heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does LED stand for?

<p>Light Emitting Diode</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which color LED reduces acne?

<p>Blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which color LED increases circulation and improves collagen and elastin production in the skin?

<p>Red</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which color LED reduces swelling and inflammation?

<p>Yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of a medical device that uses multiple colors and wavelengths of focused light to treat various skin conditions?

<p>Intense pulse light</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Understanding Electricity in Cosmetology

  • A thorough understanding of electricity is crucial for safe appliance use, equipment care, and impacts on salon services such as lighting and tool temperatures.
  • Electricity defined as the movement of electrons through a conductor.
  • When in motion, it exhibits magnetic, chemical, and thermal effects.
  • Electric current refers to the flow of electricity along a conductor, and sparks represent its visual form.

Conductors and Insulators

  • Conductors, such as copper, allow electricity to pass easily; nonconductors (insulators) like rubber, silk, wood, glass, and cement do not transmit electricity.
  • Tap water is not an insulator and can conduct electricity.
  • Electric circuits must be complete, consisting of paths for current to move from and back to the source.

Types of Electric Current

  • Two main types: Direct Current (DC) flows in one direction and is produced by chemical means; Alternating Current (AC) flows first in one direction and then in the opposite.
  • Inverters convert DC to AC; rectifiers convert AC to DC.

Electrical Measurements

  • Voltage measures the pressure pushing current forward.
  • Amperes measure the strength of the current; milliamperes equal 1/1,000 of an ampere.
  • Ohms measure the resistance of electric current; watts quantify energy usage per second; kilowatts equal 1,000 watts.

Electrical Safety Guidelines

  • Follow safety measures such as using UL certified appliances, regular inspections, and proper disconnection methods.
  • Avoid water contact while using electricity, keep cords neat and off the floor, and never repair equipment independently.

Electrotherapy in Cosmetology

  • Uses electrical currents for skin treatment known as modalities. Main types include Galvanic, Microcurrent, and Tesla high-frequency current.
  • Electrodes are positive (anode) and negative (cathode), marked with red (positive) and black (negative) colors.
  • Iontophoresis infuses products into the skin, while cataphoresis and anaphoresis refer to the application of acidic and alkaline products, respectively.

High-Frequency Current

  • Tesla high-frequency current is a thermal current used for hair and facial treatments, promoting blood circulation and skin metabolism.
  • It utilizes electrodes made from glass or metal.

Light Spectrum and Its Effects

  • The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses all forms of radiation, with visible light comprising only 35% of sunlight.
  • Ultraviolet (UV) light can cause chemical reactions, produce vitamin D, but also lead to skin aging and cancer risks.
  • Infrared light, making up 60% of sunlight, is used for hair conditioning and muscle relaxation.

Advanced Light Therapies

  • Light therapy, involving LED and lasers, treats various skin conditions like wrinkles and pigmentation.
  • Different colored LEDs serve specific purposes: blue reduces acne, red enhances circulation and collagen, yellow decreases swelling.

Key Terms in Light Technology

  • LASER stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation – a method that converts light into heat via photothermolysis.
  • Intense pulse light devices treat conditions like rosacea, wrinkles, and excessive hair.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards focusing on Chapter 13 from Milady's Cosmetology curriculum. This chapter covers the importance of understanding electricity for cosmetologists, including its safe use and impact on equipment. Reviewing these key concepts will enhance your skills and confidence in the field.

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