Migration Theories and Factors Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What characterizes temporary relocation in migration?

Relocation does not have a fixed duration

A random and unplanned change of residence

Permanent settlement in a new location

Movement that follows a frequent pattern (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a common factor inducing migration?

High-paying job offers

Natural disasters

Political oppression

Family gatherings (correct)

What distinguishes forced migration from voluntary migration?

Voluntary migration is always temporary

Forced migration involves a long planning process

Voluntary migration is impeded by geographical barriers

Forced migration occurs without the person's consent (correct)

Which demographic factor is considered a migration selectivity factor?

Level of education Signup and view all the answers

Seasonal mobility typically refers to what type of movement?

Frequent movement related to predictable patterns, such as agricultural seasons Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a significant environmental barrier to migration?

Deserts Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would be a push factor in migration according to Ravenstein's model?

War Signup and view all the answers

What policy implication can occur for a home country when skilled workers migrate?

Brain drain Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is considered a cultural barrier to migration?

Language differences Signup and view all the answers

What is a common economic pull factor for potential migrants?

Higher wages in the host country Signup and view all the answers

What challenge does urbanization pose as a result of increased migration?

Resource pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason for someone to migrate based on environmental factors?

Lack of employment Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary economic consequence for the immigration country regarding remittances?

Gain of consumer funds Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a remittance?

It is a monetary transfer made by migrants to their families. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately defines an asylum seeker?

A person seeking international protection whose claim is unresolved. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a refugee from an asylum seeker?

A refugee has been recognized as needing protection; an asylum seeker has not. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)?

People who left their homes due to conflict but remain within national borders. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes trafficking in persons?

Coercion or deception used to exploit individuals. Signup and view all the answers

What is a stateless person?

A person not recognized as a national by any state. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does not typically lead to the status of being a refugee?

Economic opportunities in another country. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'brain drain' refer to?

The emigration of professionals from their home country. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of students in China study abroad?

2% Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diaspora is characterized by migration in search of work and economic opportunities?

Labour diasporas Signup and view all the answers

What belief is commonly held by diaspora communities regarding their return to the homeland?

They will return if conditions prove favorable. Signup and view all the answers

According to Robin Cohen's typology, which diaspora is an example of forced migration?

Victim diasporas Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of cultural diasporas?

They utilize chain migration to connect with others. Signup and view all the answers

Which country is mentioned as having a large number of students studying abroad?

China Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of diaspora communities according to William Safran's definition?

They have full acceptance in their host countries. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diaspora is associated with maintaining trade routes?

Trade diasporas Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Migration Geographies

Migration is a complex process, involving temporary relocation or permanent movement of people.
Migration can be categorized by intention (forced or voluntary) and stimulus (natural or social).
Natural causes of migration include disasters (floods, droughts, volcanoes, tsunamis, tornadoes), environmental factors (insufficient food supply, urban air pollution, desertification, water pollution, climate change), and changes in agricultural production.
Social causes include political factors (discrimination, territorial expulsion, security concerns, armed conflict), religious factors (oppression, lack of freedom), and socio-economic factors (employment, security).
Mobility is a broader term encompassing various forms of spatial movement, including circulation (daily commutes, shopping, recreation), seasonal mobility (temporary relocation), and migration (permanent settlement).
Migration selectivity refers to the tendency for certain types of people (based on factors like age, education, and socioeconomic status) to migrate. The decision to migrate might be based on subjective factors like personal priorities or potentially incorrect information.
Intervening obstacles to migration can be environmental (mountain ranges, rivers, deserts), or cultural and political (immigration laws, employment regulations, visa requirements). Technology, transportation, and globalization increasingly overcome these obstacles.
Ravenstein's theory considers push and pull factors driving migration:
- Push factors (in the place of origin) could be economic (unemployment, economic depression, low currency), environmental (risks, hazards, climate preferences, lack of resources), and cultural/political (war, political atmosphere, religion, intolerance).
- Pull factors (in the destination place) could be economic (more jobs, better rewards, economic stability, access to resources), environmental (less hazards, favorable climate), and cultural/political (freedom, political change, safety, protection)
Policy implications of migration have different effects on both the immigration country and the home country, impacting economics (skilled workers, remittances, loss of consumer funds, brain drain), socio-cultural factors (separated families, social imbalances, cultural differences), and environmental factors (resource pressure, urbanization, pollution, and regeneration).
Migration definitions include:
- Migrant worker: A person working in a country where they are not a citizen.
- Remittances: Money sent by migrants to their home countries.
- Asylum seeker: Someone seeking international protection in a country.
- Refugee: Someone fleeing persecution in their home country.
- Internally displaced persons (IDPs): People forced to leave their homes due to conflict but remain within their country.
Overall, migration patterns and trends have evolved over time, influenced by global events and interconnectedness.

Brain Drain vs Brain Gain

Global flows of university students show that China exports students but the USA primarily is a destination.
Studying abroad does not always equal migration, but is an indicator or part of a broader migration pattern.

Diaspora

Diaspora is a dispersed community with ties to a shared homeland.
Definitions of diaspora typically center on a sense of shared identity, common vision about their homeland, and a belief that they will never be accepted by their host countries. They believe they will maintain an ongoing interest in their homeland, and possibly return or maintain support.

Typologies of Diaspora

Victim diasporas– those forced into exile. This type of diaspora is in many instances tied to historical conflict.
Labour diasporas– those migrating for work and economic opportunity.
Trade diasporas– those seeking to develop trade links overseas. Often connected to a merchant class or other type of trade.
Imperial diasporas– those encouraged to migrate or migrate in order to serve a larger empire.
Cultural diasporas– those migrating through a chain migration process. Those that migrate and settle in another country with a similar cultural background, or those that develop shared traditions because of similar circumstances.

Global Flow of People

Global flow of people has shown significant changes in migration patterns between 1990 and 2015
Patterns changed significantly from 1990 to 2015

Other Insights

Remittances (money sent home) are frequently larger than Foreign Direct Investment (indirect investment) in developing countries.
Current world migration patterns show more internal migration patterns relative to other types of migration
There are different types of forced migration, and these include human trafficking, war displacement, political displacement, and other large-scale conflicts
The number of internally displaced persons is increasing in many parts of the world

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Description

Test your knowledge on the various theories and factors influencing migration with this quiz. Explore concepts such as temporary relocation, migration selectivity, and the distinction between forced and voluntary migration. This quiz will also delve into economic impacts and barriers to migration.