Mid Term Anatomy & Physiology 1 Study Guide

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Questions and Answers

Where is a right inguinal hernia located?

In the groin region, between the lower part of the abdomen and the thigh.

What bone is most often fractured due to strangulation?

Hyoid

What is hunchback also called?

Kyphosis

The cervical area is associated with which region?

Neck region of the spinal column Signup and view all the answers

Where is the substernal area located?

Below the sternum and into the chest Signup and view all the answers

What is a pH lower than 7.35 called?

Acidemia Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for the patella?

Kneecap Signup and view all the answers

Where does the liver reside?

In the right upper quadrant Signup and view all the answers

What is a bending or incomplete breakage of the bone called?

A greenstick fracture Signup and view all the answers

What is hair loss called?

Alopecia Signup and view all the answers

What is ATP?

Adenosine triphosphate energy required for active transport Signup and view all the answers

Blood vessels and nerves are generally absent in which area?

The epidermis Signup and view all the answers

What do ceruminous glands secrete?

Ear wax Signup and view all the answers

What is diffusion of particles through a membrane by means of a carrier/helper molecule called?

Facilitated diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What would diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) display in the blood?

Build up of ketones Signup and view all the answers

Where are the carpals located?

The wrist Signup and view all the answers

What is gluconeogenesis?

Glucose is formed from amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence of the vertebral column?

7 Cervical, 12 Thoracic, 5 Lumbar Signup and view all the answers

What are hives called?

Urticaria Signup and view all the answers

What is pain in the big toe due to uric acid buildup called?

Gout Signup and view all the answers

What is diffusion?

The process of particles moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Signup and view all the answers

What is osteoporosis?

A condition characterized by weak and brittle bones Signup and view all the answers

What do sebaceous glands secrete?

Sebum Signup and view all the answers

The adult skeleton is composed of how many bones?

206 Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of skin that is supplied by oxygen-poor blood called?

Cyanosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy production site of the cell?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

12 vertebrae Signup and view all the answers

How many true pairs of ribs are there?

7 pairs Signup and view all the answers

The outermost layer of the skin is what?

The epidermis Signup and view all the answers

What can increased uric acid level in the blood lead to?

Forms tiny crystals that inflame the joint and cause pain Signup and view all the answers

What is a passive process that uses pressure?

Filtration Signup and view all the answers

What is a passive process that pulls?

Osmosis Signup and view all the answers

What cavity is divided into quadrants?

Abdominopelvic cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is the waste product of cellular metabolism?

Carbon dioxide and water Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for the collarbone?

Clavicle Signup and view all the answers

What is a catalyst?

Any substance that speeds up the rate of a reaction Signup and view all the answers

What are the building blocks of protein?

Amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What is necrotic?

Dead Signup and view all the answers

What is normal saline?

0.9 sodium chloride Signup and view all the answers

What is the driving force for active transport?

ATP Signup and view all the answers

What can neutralize (H+) acid?

Baking soda Signup and view all the answers

What measures hydrogen ion concentration (acid)?

The pH scale Signup and view all the answers

What is a nitrogen-containing waste product called?

Urea Signup and view all the answers

What happens when excess levels of testosterone are present?

Hirsutism occurs Signup and view all the answers

What is the waste product of aerobic glucose metabolism?

Carbon dioxide (CO2) Signup and view all the answers

What do melanocytes do?

Provide pigmentation to the skin, hair, and eyes Signup and view all the answers

What is urea?

Formed when some of the nitrogen released by the breakdown of amino acids is converted by the liver Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for a bedsore?

Decubitis Signup and view all the answers

What can too much adipose tissue lead to?

Obesity and heart problems Signup and view all the answers

What is HCO3-?

Bicarbonate Signup and view all the answers

Which structures are in the mediastinum?

The heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and major blood vessels that connect to the heart. Signup and view all the answers

What is neutral pH?

7 Signup and view all the answers

What membranes line the ventral body cavities that are not open to the exterior?

Serous membranes Signup and view all the answers

Which type of solution causes crenation?

Hypertonic solution Signup and view all the answers

What is the bursting of red blood cells called?

Hemolysis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anatomy and Physiology Key Points

A right inguinal hernia occurs in the groin region, specifically in the right lower quadrant (RLQ).
The hyoid bone is frequently fractured due to strangulation incidents.
Kyphosis is the medical term for hunchback.
The cervical area corresponds to the neck region of the spinal column.
The substernal area is situated below the sternum, extending into the chest.
A pH level below 7.35 indicates acidemia, reflecting excess acidity in the blood.
The patella is alternatively known as the kneecap.
The liver is located in the right upper quadrant (RUQ) of the abdomen.
A greenstick fracture describes a bending or incomplete break in a bone.
Alopecia refers to hair loss.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is the primary energy source for active transport processes in cells.
Blood vessels and nerves are generally absent in the epidermis, the outermost skin layer.
Ceruminous glands secrete earwax, contributing to ear health.
Facilitated diffusion involves the movement of particles through a membrane with the aid of a carrier or helper molecule.
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is characterized by a buildup of ketones in the blood.
Carpals are the bones of the wrist.
Gluconeogenesis is the metabolic process where glucose is formed from amino acids.
The vertebral column sequence consists of 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, and 5 lumbar vertebrae.
Urticaria is the medical term for hives.
A hypotonic solution causes cells to swell due to water influx.
A spiral fracture results from a twisting motion breaking the bone.
A compound fracture is when a bone protrudes through the skin (open fracture).
Kussmaul breathing is a specific breathing pattern associated with metabolic acidosis.
Gout is characterized by pain in the big toe caused by uric acid accumulation.
Diffusion is the process where particles move from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration.
Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by weakened bones and increased fracture risk.
Sebaceous glands produce sebum, an oily substance that moisturizes skin and hair.
Adding hydrogen ions (H+) to blood lowers pH and increases acidity.
The adult human skeleton contains 206 bones.
Cyanosis describes a bluish skin coloration due to oxygen-poor blood.
Mitochondria are the energy production sites within cells.
There are 12 thoracic vertebrae and 7 pairs of true ribs in the human body.
The epidermis is the skin's outermost layer.
Increased uric acid levels can form crystals that inflame joints, causing pain.
Rapid and incomplete fatty acid breakdown can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis.
Pure water IV infusion can cause cells to swell or burst.
Arrector pili muscles are responsible for hair standing on end (goosebumps).
Filtration is a passive process utilizing pressure to move substances.
Osmosis is another passive process that involves the movement of water across a membrane.
The abdominopelvic cavity is divided into quadrants for anatomical reference.
Byproducts of cellular metabolism include carbon dioxide and water.
The clavicle is another name for the collarbone.
A catalyst is any substance that accelerates a chemical reaction.
Amino acids are the fundamental building blocks of proteins.
Necrosis refers to dead tissue.
Normal saline is a solution of 0.9% sodium chloride.
Active transport relies on ATP as the driving force.
Baking soda can neutralize excess hydrogen ions in the body.
The pH scale measures hydrogen ion concentration, indicating acidity or alkalinity.
Urea is a nitrogenous waste product formed from amino acid breakdown in the liver.
Decubitis is a term for a bed sore.
Excess adipose tissue can lead to obesity and related heart problems.
Bicarbonate (HCO3-) acts as a buffer in the body, helping to maintain pH balance.
The mediastinum houses essential structures: heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and major blood vessels.
Neutral pH is defined as a level of 7.
Serous membranes line the ventral body cavities that are not exposed to the exterior.
Hypertonic solutions cause crenation or shrinkage of cells due to water loss.
Hemolysis refers to the rupture of red blood cells.

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Description

Prepare for your Mid Term exam in Anatomy and Physiology 1 with this comprehensive study guide. It covers key concepts including hernias, bone fractures, and spinal column regions. Test your knowledge on critical anatomical terms and locations.