Microorganisms and Parasites Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What characteristic distinguishes nematodes from other types of multicellular eukaryotic parasites?

They have a tapered shape with separate sexes. (correct)

They lack a mouth and anus.

They are hermaphrodites.

They have a segmented body.

Which of the following is a common feature of cestodes?

Their bodies are covered with t Set-in

They are multilobed with a complex digestive tract.

They possess a scolex for attachment. (correct)

They have distinct male and female individuals.

What type of organism is Schistosoma spp. classified as?

Trematode (correct)

Cestode

Ectoparasite

Nematode

Which statement is true regarding the life cycle of cestodes?

Adults are parasitic and attach to the host's mucosa. Signup and view all the answers

How do trematodes primarily obtain nutrition?

By parasitizing the tissues of their hosts. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes protozoa from fungi?

Protozoa possess complex organelles. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of reproduction in bacteria?

Binary fission Signup and view all the answers

Which locomotion method is associated with Giardia Lamblia?

Flagella Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic that differentiates archaea from true bacteria?

Cell wall structure Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary nutritional mode of fungi?

Heterotrophy Signup and view all the answers

Which type of microorganism is known to thrive in extreme conditions such as high salinity?

Halophiles Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is characteristic of multicellular moulds?

Mycelium Signup and view all the answers

What type of spores do zygomycetes reproduce asexually?

Sporangiospores Signup and view all the answers

How do algae primarily contribute to the environment?

By producing oxygen and carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the cell wall composition in fungi?

Contains chitin Signup and view all the answers

What type of energy sources can organotrophic archaea utilize?

Organic compounds Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following shapes does not belong to the common major shapes of bacteria?

Flagellar Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the reproduction of yeast?

Budding Signup and view all the answers

Ascomycetes reproduce sexually to produce which type of spores?

Ascospores Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of bacteriorhodopsin in archaea?

To facilitate phototrophy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following classifications of archaea is capable of living at extremely high temperatures?

Thermophiles Signup and view all the answers

What classification system categorizes viruses into groups based on nucleic acid type and replication method?

Baltimore classification Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following viruses are classified as dsDNA viruses?

Hepadnaviruses Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic structure of most RNA viruses?

Single-stranded and enveloped Signup and view all the answers

Which DNA virus listed is known for having a complex nucleocapsid and replicates in the cytoplasm?

Poxvirus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following viruses is classified as a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus?

Orthomyxoviruses Signup and view all the answers

How many groups are in the Baltimore classification system for viruses?

7 Signup and view all the answers

Which category of parasitic helminths includes tapeworms?

Cestodes Signup and view all the answers

Which of these viruses is a naked virus?

Papovavirus Signup and view all the answers

What type of fungi produce basidiospores and can also create fleshy fruit bodies?

Basidiomycetes Signup and view all the answers

Which fungal disease is primarily acquired through inhalation and is often linked to specific geographical regions?

Systemic mycosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of opportunistic fungal infections?

They primarily affect immunosuppressed patients. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mycosis involves localized infection typically resulting from wound puncture?

Subcutaneous mycosis Signup and view all the answers

What is true about superficial mycoses?

They mainly cause cosmetic issues. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of viruses?

They have a nucleic acid core surrounded by a capsid. Signup and view all the answers

Which fungus is known to cause localized lesions and is endemic to South America?

Sporothrix schenii Signup and view all the answers

What type of toxins are released by certain fungi and can cause severe cramping?

Mycotoxins Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Microorganisms

Microorganisms are categorized into various types: bacteria, archaea, protozoa, algae, fungi, viruses, and multicellular animal parasites (helminths).
Each type is distinguished by its cellular composition, morphology, locomotion, and reproduction methods.

Bacteria

Bacteria are single-celled organisms.
They are classified as prokaryotic, lacking a nucleus.
Bacteria reproduce through binary fission.
Bacterial classification can be determined by staining of the cell wall, response to oxygen (aerobic, anaerobic, etc.), and energy source (autotrophs or heterotrophs).
Bacteria exist in four primary shapes: bacillus, coccus, spirilla, and curved.

Archaea

Archaea differ from true bacteria in their cell wall structure and lack of peptidoglycans.
Archaea thrive in extreme environmental conditions.
Archaea are classified based on their habitat (e.g., methanogens, halophiles, thermophiles, psychrophiles) and energy sources (e.g., phototrophic, chemical energy, organotrophic).

Algae (Cyanobacteria)

Algae can be unicellular or multicellular eukaryotes.
They live in water, damp soil, and rocks.
Algae reproduce asexually through binary fission, budding, or fragmentation.
Algae produce oxygen and carbohydrates utilized by other organisms.
Algae have a role in wastewater treatment.

Protozoa

Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotes with a nucleus and complex organelles.
Protozoa obtain nourishment by absorption or ingestion.
Protozoa are categorized based on their mode of locomotion (flagellates, ciliates, amoeboid, sporozoans).

Fungi

Fungi are eukaryotes that lack chlorophyll and obtain nutrients from organic materials.
Fungi reproduce sexually or asexually through various methods.
Fungi are classified into different groups based on reproductive processes, structure (e.g., septate or coenocytic hyphae), and nutritional needs.
Fungi are responsible for several diseases in humans.

Viruses

Viruses are noncellular entities.
Viruses consist of a nucleic acid core (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat.
Viruses are classified based on their nucleic acid type, capsid structure, presence or absence of an envelope, and Baltimore classification.
Viruses can cause diseases in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.

Multicellular Eukaryotic Parasites

Major groups of parasitic helminths include platyhelminths (e.g., cestodes - tapeworms; trematodes - flukes), and nematodes (roundworms).
Helminths live a part of their life cycle in microscopic form.
Some helminths can cause disease. Nematodes, cestodes and trematodes are all types of helminths.

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Description

Test your knowledge on various microorganisms, focusing on distinguishing characteristics of nematodes, cestodes, and protozoa, as well as the life cycles of these entities. Additionally, explore the nutritional modes and unique features of fungi, archaea, and bacteria. Challenge yourself with questions on their locomotion and environmental contributions!