Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the size limit for organisms that are considered microbes?
What is the size limit for organisms that are considered microbes?
Less than 1mm
How many species of bacteria are estimated to reside in the human mouth?
How many species of bacteria are estimated to reside in the human mouth?
700
All bacteria are harmful to humans.
All bacteria are harmful to humans.
False (B)
What is the role of bacteria in the soil?
What is the role of bacteria in the soil?
Bacteria can contribute to plant growth by introducing nitrogen into the soil.
Bacteria can contribute to plant growth by introducing nitrogen into the soil.
Where are protists typically found?
Where are protists typically found?
What causes people to get sick?
What causes people to get sick?
Which of the following is NOT a way diseases can be transmitted?
Which of the following is NOT a way diseases can be transmitted?
What is the first line of defense against pathogens?
What is the first line of defense against pathogens?
What substance helps prevent pathogens from growing on skin?
What substance helps prevent pathogens from growing on skin?
What lines the nose and prevents pathogens from entering the body?
What lines the nose and prevents pathogens from entering the body?
Tears and eyelashes protect the eyes from pathogens.
Tears and eyelashes protect the eyes from pathogens.
What prevents things from entering the ears?
What prevents things from entering the ears?
What is the term for increased blood flow in the area of an infection?
What is the term for increased blood flow in the area of an infection?
Fever can potentially kill viruses.
Fever can potentially kill viruses.
What type of cell swallows invading organisms?
What type of cell swallows invading organisms?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of life?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of life?
Scientists used to believe that life could arise spontaneously from nonliving matter.
Scientists used to believe that life could arise spontaneously from nonliving matter.
What is the cell theory?
What is the cell theory?
Early microscopes were powerful enough to see the internal structures of cells.
Early microscopes were powerful enough to see the internal structures of cells.
What type of microscope is required to see viruses?
What type of microscope is required to see viruses?
What is the basic structure of a virus?
What is the basic structure of a virus?
How do viruses reproduce?
How do viruses reproduce?
Unicellular organisms consist of multiple cells.
Unicellular organisms consist of multiple cells.
What does multicellular mean?
What does multicellular mean?
What are the two main types of cells?
What are the two main types of cells?
A bacterium is an example of a eukaryotic cell.
A bacterium is an example of a eukaryotic cell.
Prokaryotic cells are enclosed within a nucleus.
Prokaryotic cells are enclosed within a nucleus.
Prokaryotic cells are not surrounded by a membrane.
Prokaryotic cells are not surrounded by a membrane.
Prokaryotic cells are smaller and less complex compared to eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells are smaller and less complex compared to eukaryotic cells.
Provide an example of a eukaryotic cell.
Provide an example of a eukaryotic cell.
The genetic material of a eukaryotic cell is enclosed within a nucleus.
The genetic material of a eukaryotic cell is enclosed within a nucleus.
Eukaryotic cells are surrounded by a membrane.
Eukaryotic cells are surrounded by a membrane.
How much larger are eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic cells?
How much larger are eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic cells?
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells exhibit all seven characteristics of life.
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells exhibit all seven characteristics of life.
What are organelles?
What are organelles?
What is NOT a function of organelles?
What is NOT a function of organelles?
What organelle is responsible for converting energy stored in food into usable energy for the cell?
What organelle is responsible for converting energy stored in food into usable energy for the cell?
What organelle creates proteins?
What organelle creates proteins?
What is the endoplasmic reticulum, and what is its function?
What is the endoplasmic reticulum, and what is its function?
What is the role of the Golgi body?
What is the role of the Golgi body?
What are vesicles?
What are vesicles?
What is the function of vacuoles?
What is the function of vacuoles?
What is the function of lysosomes?
What is the function of lysosomes?
What organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?
What organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis occurs in plant cells.
Photosynthesis occurs in plant cells.
Flashcards
Microbes
Microbes
Tiny organisms, too small to see without a microscope.
Bacteria
Bacteria
A type of microbe, found in many places, including your mouth.
Pathogens
Pathogens
Microbes that cause disease.
Direct Contact
Direct Contact
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Indirect Contact
Indirect Contact
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Water and Food
Water and Food
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Animal Bites
Animal Bites
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Physical Barrier
Physical Barrier
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Inflammation
Inflammation
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White Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
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Cell Theory
Cell Theory
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Viruses
Viruses
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Unicellular
Unicellular
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Multicellular
Multicellular
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Prokaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Cells
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Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
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Organelles
Organelles
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Cell Membrane
Cell Membrane
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Nucleus
Nucleus
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Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
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Mitochondria
Mitochondria
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Ribosomes
Ribosomes
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Golgi Body
Golgi Body
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Vesicles
Vesicles
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Study Notes
Microorganisms and Cells
- Microbes: Organisms too small to be seen without a microscope (<1mm)
- Bacteria in the Mouth: Around 700 species; some cause tooth decay, others compete with harmful ones for survival.
- Soil Microbes: Decompose dead materials and enhance plant growth by fixing nitrogen.
- Protists: Single-celled organisms, often found in freshwater.
- Pathogens: Microbes that cause disease.
Disease Transmission
- Routes of Transmission: Direct contact, indirect contact, water/food, animal bites
Body's Defenses
- Physical Barriers: Skin, sweat (oils), mucus membranes (lining nose), tears, eyelashes, ear wax.
- Inflammation: Increased blood flow to infection site.
- Fever: High temperature can kill viruses.
- White Blood Cells: Ingest and destroy invaders.
Characteristics of Life
- Seven Characteristics: Made of cells, acquire nutrients, need energy, produce waste, respond to stimuli, grow, and reproduce.
- Spontaneous Generation: Historically thought life arose from non-living matter.
- Cell Theory: Defines living things as having:
- One or more cells
- All cells come from other living cells
- The cell is the basic unit of life.
Viruses and Microscopes
- Viruses: Microscopic entities, only visible using electron microscopes. Consist essentially of DNA/RNA and a protective protein coat.
- Reproduction: Viruses reproduce by invading host cells.
Cell Types
- Unicellular: Organisms with one cell.
- Multicellular: Organisms with more than one cell.
- Prokaryotic Cells: Simple, small cells without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles (e.g., bacteria).
- Eukaryotic Cells: Larger, complex cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (e.g., animal/plant cells).
Cell Organelles
- Organelles: Specialized structures within cells carrying out life functions. - Provide structure and form, act as barriers, build/repair, store/release energy, and eliminate waste. - Increasing in number as cells grow and function
- Cell Membrane: Thin, flexible layer surrounding the cell.
- Nucleus: Cell's control center.
- Cytoplasm: Gel-like fluid filling the cell where organelles are located.
- Mitochondria: Produce usable energy for cell functions.
- Ribosomes: Synthesize proteins.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum: Transports proteins within the cell.
- Golgi Body: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins.
- Vesicles: Membrane-bound packages of proteins, nutrients, and water.
- Vacuoles: Temporary storage spaces.
- Lysosomes: Contain digestive enzymes for breaking down materials.
- Chloroplasts: Involved in photosynthesis; only in plant cells.
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