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Questions and Answers
What is the process of destroying microorganisms by heat or chemical means?
What is the process of destroying microorganisms by heat or chemical means?
Where are sterile instruments and supplies loaded before surgery?
Where are sterile instruments and supplies loaded before surgery?
Which items must be sterile as they come in contact with sterile body tissues or the vascular system?
Which items must be sterile as they come in contact with sterile body tissues or the vascular system?
What is the first phase of reprocessing medical instruments?
What is the first phase of reprocessing medical instruments?
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Which method is usually ineffective against destroying spores?
Which method is usually ineffective against destroying spores?
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Which category of items includes surgical instruments, vascular cannulas, and hypodermic needles that must be sterile?
Which category of items includes surgical instruments, vascular cannulas, and hypodermic needles that must be sterile?
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What process does the ultrasonic cleaner use to remove debris from instruments?
What process does the ultrasonic cleaner use to remove debris from instruments?
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Why should power-driven surgical instruments like drills and saws be disassembled before sterilization?
Why should power-driven surgical instruments like drills and saws be disassembled before sterilization?
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What is the main purpose of wrapping an item before sterilization?
What is the main purpose of wrapping an item before sterilization?
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Which classification level is assigned to critical devices under the Spaulding classification system?
Which classification level is assigned to critical devices under the Spaulding classification system?
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What do Class 3 indicators respond to in the sterilization process?
What do Class 3 indicators respond to in the sterilization process?
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What do Class 5 indicators react to in the sterilization process?
What do Class 5 indicators react to in the sterilization process?
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Which indicator class is used specifically for internal pack control of each cycle run?
Which indicator class is used specifically for internal pack control of each cycle run?
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What does cavitation cause during the ultrasonic cleaning of instruments?
What does cavitation cause during the ultrasonic cleaning of instruments?
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What class of indicators is represented by multivariable indicators that react to two or more parameters?
What class of indicators is represented by multivariable indicators that react to two or more parameters?
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During the phase of steam sterilization when air is removed from the chamber and replaced with steam, it is known as ____________.
During the phase of steam sterilization when air is removed from the chamber and replaced with steam, it is known as ____________.
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Which phase in all types of steam sterilizers involves air being removed from the chamber and replaced with steam?
Which phase in all types of steam sterilizers involves air being removed from the chamber and replaced with steam?
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What principle does a gravity displacement sterilizer operate on?
What principle does a gravity displacement sterilizer operate on?
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Which type of sterilizer pulls air from the chamber with vacuum force and replaces it with steam?
Which type of sterilizer pulls air from the chamber with vacuum force and replaces it with steam?
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What do chemical indicators signify in the context of sterilization?
What do chemical indicators signify in the context of sterilization?
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Which class of indicators is used for specific tests that measure parameters like the presence of pure air in the sterilization chamber?
Which class of indicators is used for specific tests that measure parameters like the presence of pure air in the sterilization chamber?
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What is the significant function of a dynamic air-removal (prevacuum) sterilizer during operation?
What is the significant function of a dynamic air-removal (prevacuum) sterilizer during operation?
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What is the recommended practice for damp dusting surgical lights, furniture, and fixed equipment in the operating suite?
What is the recommended practice for damp dusting surgical lights, furniture, and fixed equipment in the operating suite?
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When should patient's charts, x-rays, and lab documentation be kept?
When should patient's charts, x-rays, and lab documentation be kept?
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What is used to rapidly sterilize clean, decontaminated equipment for immediate use?
What is used to rapidly sterilize clean, decontaminated equipment for immediate use?
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What method is used to sterilize objects that cannot tolerate the heat, moisture, and pressure of steam sterilization?
What method is used to sterilize objects that cannot tolerate the heat, moisture, and pressure of steam sterilization?
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What has replaced the phrase 'flash sterilization' for unwrapped surgical equipment sterilization just before use?
What has replaced the phrase 'flash sterilization' for unwrapped surgical equipment sterilization just before use?
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What process follows every surgical case and involves thorough cleaning and disinfection of all equipment and soiled surfaces in the operating room?
What process follows every surgical case and involves thorough cleaning and disinfection of all equipment and soiled surfaces in the operating room?
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How are implants typically sterilized?
How are implants typically sterilized?
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What are the operating temperatures for a 'cold' cycle and a 'warm' cycle in gas sterilization?
What are the operating temperatures for a 'cold' cycle and a 'warm' cycle in gas sterilization?
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Which profession requires expertise in the science and practice of materials management, decontamination, and sterilization?
Which profession requires expertise in the science and practice of materials management, decontamination, and sterilization?
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Which items must be sterile before use on a patient?
Which items must be sterile before use on a patient?
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For which items is decontamination used?
For which items is decontamination used?
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What method is used for destroying microorganisms, except spores, by heat or chemical means?
What method is used for destroying microorganisms, except spores, by heat or chemical means?
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Which process uses steam, ethylene oxide, peracetic acid, or cobalt-60 for sterilization?
Which process uses steam, ethylene oxide, peracetic acid, or cobalt-60 for sterilization?
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Which method uses isopropyl alcohol 70% to 90%, glutaraldehyde, and iodophor solution for disinfection?
Which method uses isopropyl alcohol 70% to 90%, glutaraldehyde, and iodophor solution for disinfection?
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Study Notes
Sterilization and Disinfection
• Disinfection is the destruction of microorganisms by heat or chemical means, but it does not destroy spores. • Spores are usually not destroyed by disinfection.
Sterile Instruments and Supplies
• Sterile instruments and supplies are loaded onto a cart before surgery and transported to the surgical suite.
Spaulding Classification
• The Spaulding classification assigns three risk levels to reprocessing instruments and patient materials based on the region of the body where the device will be used: + Critical items: enter sterile tissue or the vascular system and must be sterilized. + Semicritical items: come into contact with mucous membranes or intact skin and must be sterilized. + Noncritical items: do not penetrate intact tissues and may not require sterilization.
Reprocessing Phases
• The first phase of reprocessing is sorting, which is done to prevent damage to delicate items and prevent injury during reprocessing. • The next phase is cleaning, followed by sterilization.
Power-Driven Surgical Instruments
• Power-driven surgical instruments (e.g., drills and saws) should be disassembled before sterilization to ensure proper cleaning and sterilization.
Ultrasonic Cleaner
• The ultrasonic cleaner removes debris from instruments by a process called cavitation, which uses high-frequency sound waves to implode air spaces trapped within debris.
Wrapping and Sterilization
• The purpose of wrapping an item before sterilization is to protect it from contamination after the sterilization process. • Wrapping prevents the passage of microorganisms and other contaminants into the item during storage.
Chemical Indicators
• Chemical indicators are used to verify that the sterilization process has been successful. • There are four types of chemical indicators: + Class 1: process indicators + Class 2: specialty indicators (e.g., Bowie-Dick test) + Class 3: single-parameter indicators (e.g., heat-sensitive pellets) + Class 4: multiparameter indicators (e.g., internal chemical indicators) + Class 5: integrating indicators (e.g., react to all critical values over a specified range) + Class 6: emulating indicators (e.g., internal pack control)
Steam Sterilization
• Steam sterilization has three distinct phases: + Conditioning (air removal and steam introduction) + Exposure (sterilization process) + Drying (post-sterilization drying) • There are two types of steam sterilizers: + Gravity displacement sterilizers + Dynamic (prevacuum) sterilizers
Flash Sterilization
• Flash sterilization has been replaced by immediate-use sterilization, which involves sterilizing unwrapped surgical equipment by a high-vacuum steam sterilization method just before use. • Implants are not flash sterilized except in an emergency and must be monitored with a biological control system.
Ethylene Oxide Sterilization
• Ethylene oxide (ETO) is used to sterilize objects that cannot tolerate heat, moisture, and pressure. • ETO sterilization operates at temperatures ranging from 85°F to 100°F for a "cold" cycle and 130°F to 145°F for a "warm" cycle.
Terminal Decontamination
• Terminal decontamination is the thorough cleaning and disinfection of all equipment and soiled surfaces in the operating room after every surgical case. • This process is performed by central processing technicians (CPTs).
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Description
Test your knowledge on the destruction of microorganisms through heat or chemical means, as well as the process of sterilizing instruments and supplies. Questions cover topics like spores resistance, disinfection methods, and surgical preparations.
