Sterilization and Disinfection Quiz

Which of the following accurately describes the difference between sterilization and disinfection?

Which of the following is NOT a factor determining the effectiveness of disinfectants?

What is the main disadvantage of using iodophors as a disinfectant?

Why is it recommended to disinfect alginate, a hydrocolloid impression material, by spraying rather than dipping it in the disinfectant?

What is the role of benzalkonium chloride in dental disinfection?

Why is it important to pay attention to protective measures against splashing contaminated water during dental procedures?

What is a key factor for the accuracy of final dentures?

What should be checked intraorally by the dentist before the glazing phase?

What ensures the transfer of patient's personal preferences and/or morphopsychological characteristics to the technician?

What is a reason for choosing fixed prostheses for most patients according to the text?

What is considered a procedure of great importance in finishing a fixed prosthesis ready for cementation?

What is crucial for making transfers in a shorter time in the most ideal way according to the text?

What is the ultimate challenge for dentists and dental technicians?

What do dental technicians expect from dentists in terms of communication?

What are common problems reported by dental technicians about dentists?

What factors should a dentist pay attention to when sending a fixed prosthesis job to the technician?

What is one of the greatest difficulties experienced by dental laboratory technicians?

What is essential for the dentist to provide to the laboratory technician in constructing a fixed partial denture?

What is one of the key responsibilities of the dental laboratory in prosthetic dentistry?

What is the role of the dental laboratory technicians in the dental health team?

What is the significance of effective communication between the dentist and the dental laboratory?

What knowledge and skills should dental laboratory technicians possess?

Can the dentist delegate laboratory procedures to technicians?

What distinguishes the Prosthetic Dentistry department from other dentistry departments?

What is the main difference between fixed implant prostheses and tooth supported fixed prostheses?

Which factor plays an important role in reflecting the correct location of the implants on the 3-D main study model?

What is defined as the state of full adaptation to abutments without applying tensile, compressive and bending forces when implant-supported prostheses are not under the influence of occlusal forces?

What is considered clinically acceptable in terms of marginal openings in studies?

How has the use of an intraoral scanner improved the evaluation of impressions in dentistry?

What is a potential source of cross-infection in dentistry despite having effective antibacterial properties?

What is the main reason for adding surfactants to vinyl polysiloxane impression materials?

What is the recommended disinfection period for hydrophilic polyvinyl siloxane impression materials?

Why should prolonged immersion of hydrophilic polyvinyl siloxane in disinfecting solution be avoided?

What type of impression material showed more dimensional changes than other types when disinfected with certain solutions?

What is the main purpose of washing the impression under water even before the disinfection process?

What has emerged as an alternative method for disinfection of dental impression materials due to negative effects of chemical disinfectants?

Why must visibly soiled surfaces be cleaned before ultraviolet light disinfection of dental impressions?

What is the wavelength used when using the dental ultraviolet room for disinfecting impressions?

What is a potential harm associated with exposure to ultraviolet light?

What are the common problems reported by respondent technicians about dentists?

What are the factors that a dentist should pay attention to when sending a fixed prosthesis job to the technician?

What is the ultimate challenge for dentists and dental technicians?

What should be included in a comprehensive dental laboratory form for effective dentist-technician communication?

What is the next responsibility of the dentist in the construction of a fixed partial denture after tooth preparation?

What are the strategic directions for the dental technician in fixed crown/bridge treatment?

What is the responsibility of the dental laboratory in preparing a prosthesis?

What are the key responsibilities of the dental laboratory technicians?

What knowledge and skills should dental laboratory technicians possess?

What is the significance of effective communication between the dentist and the dental laboratory?

What distinguishes the Prosthetic Dentistry department from other dentistry departments?

Can the dentist delegate laboratory procedures to technicians?

What are the main causes of dimensional shrinkage in elastomeric impression materials?

What is the advantage of the DSD protocol according to the text?

What is the main role of the dentist in the finishing of a fixed prosthesis ready for cementation?

What should the physician do depending on the patient's financial possibilities?

What should be ensured in terms of the impression material's dimensional stability?

What is the key factor for the accuracy of final dentures?

What is the main factor affecting passive fit of implant-supported prostheses?

What is considered clinically acceptable in terms of marginal openings in studies?

What is the potential harm associated with exposure to ultraviolet light during disinfection?

What is cross-contamination in dentistry and how does it occur?

What is the role of benzalkonium chloride in dental disinfection?

Why is it essential for the dentist to provide appropriate storage and disinfected materials to the dental laboratory?

What are the factors determining the effectiveness of disinfectants?

What are the sterilization methods mentioned for dental purposes?

What are the chemical disinfectants used in dental impressions?

What are the stages involved in the disinfection of impression materials and prostheses?

What are the methods of application for chemical disinfectants on dental impressions?

What is the recommended disinfection method for hydrocolloid impression materials?

Why is it important to avoid prolonged immersion of hydrophilic polyvinyl siloxane in disinfecting solution?

What is the significance of effective communication between the dentist and the dental laboratory?

What has emerged as an alternative method for disinfection of dental impression materials due to negative effects of chemical disinfectants?

What are common problems reported by dental technicians about dentists?

What is considered a procedure of great importance in finishing a fixed prosthesis ready for cementation?

What type of impression material showed more dimensional changes than other types when disinfected with certain solutions?

What is the main disadvantage of using iodophors as a disinfectant?

What is the main reason for adding surfactants to vinyl polysiloxane impression materials?

Why is it crucial for making transfers in a shorter time in the most ideal way according to the text?

What is the role of benzalkonium chloride in dental disinfection?

Due to the tooth loss, preferability of ______ porstheses for most of the patients, insufficient performances of removable dentures, psychological effects of teeth loss and desires of the old-aged “baby-boomers” generation, predictable long term success of implant supported prostheses, advantages of the implant supported restorations and increased awareness and conciousness of the society increased the ratio of implant choice for treatment.

It is the ______'s great responsibility to deliver the measure to the technician at the right time. Choosing Colour: In addition to using various methods such as photography and video shooting, choosing colors with correct and appropriate light and color scale suitable for the brands that the technician works with eliminates errors that may occur especially in aesthetic areas.

The advantage of the DSD protocol is that it enables to make these ______ in a shorter time in the most ideal way. With better communication, the patient's personal preferences and/or morphopsychological characteristics are transferred to the technician and near-perfect restorations can be obtained (Coachman, 2012).

The continuous evaporation of volatile substances from the polymerized elastomeric impression material explains why long ______ times affect the possible increase in impression size. A study has shown that conventional impression materials all contract from the occlusal face, while expanding from the axial walls, especially near the collar regions.

According to the dimensional stability ability of the ______ material, it should be delivered to the technician at the right time. The dimensional stability of ______ materials is a key factor for the accuracy of final dentures.

By using digital technology, the treatment offered to the patient at the beginning with dynamic documentation is to be carried to the final in a ______ way. In particular, the smile design is prepared according to the diagnosis models taken by the technician.

The responsibility of the dental laboratory is to prepare a prosthesis according to the specific instructions given by the ______.

Dental laboratories are responsible for preparing the desired prosthesis, supported by communication through the form and materials sent to them by the ______.

The dentist also has the knowledge and authority to delegate laboratory procedures to technicians according to the patient's functional and aesthetic ______.

The dental laboratory technicians are important members of the dental health ______.

The Prosthetic Dentistry department is not just about the dentist; it has treatment stages in which the technician also plays an important ______.

The dental laboratory technicians should have the knowledge and skills to observe possible situations in treatment from their own ______.

Disinfection is the process of destroying microorganisms (except bacterial spores) on inanimate substances and surfaces or stopping their reproduction. Disinfectants can be classified as low risk, medium risk and high risk groups according to the risk of infection. Disinfectants in the high risk group are used in ______.

In order to prevent cross-contamination in prosthetic procedures, methods such as adding disinfectant to alginate powder, nanotechnology, and adding disinfectant to gypsum powder have been suggested among alternative impression disinfection methods. Disinfection solutions used in dentistry; combined synthetic phenol compounds are iodophor, glutaraldehyde, sodium hypochlorite, 0.25% benzalkonium chloride, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, ______.

Factors determining the effectiveness of disinfectants: The structure of the disinfectant Concentration Application method Application ______.

Sterilization methods are; sterilization of the dimensions with UV (Ultraviolet) rays, direct current discharge, steam autoclave, ethylene oxide gas autoclave, argon radio frequency discharge and microwave ______.

Disinfection of impression materials and prostheses is done in seven stages; 1. All dentures removed from the mouth should be washed under running water and cleaned and disinfected with an ultrasonic cleaner. 2. All impressions should be disinfected after rinsing with water and then plaster models should be obtained. 3. Pumice should be discarded after use. 4. Burs should be changed after each use and stored in ______.

Chemical disinfectants can be applied in 2 different ways; by dipping the impression or by spraying the impression. Immersion disinfection ensures that all surfaces of the dental impression are exposed to the disinfectant, but hydrocolloids and polyether materials cannot be immersed in disinfectants due to the absorption phenomenon. The spray disinfection method reduces the possibility of degradation, especially in hydrocolloids and polyether, and also uses less disinfectant solution but may not reach the abrasive areas. It has been reported that hydrocolloid impression materials carry 2 to 5 times more microorganisms than elastomers. During the disinfection process, the impression material should not lose its dimensional stability, accuracy and critical surface properties. Due to their hydrophilic properties, it has been reported that hydrocolloid impression materials undergo more dimensional distortion during the disinfection process. For this reason, it is recommended to disinfect alginate, which is one of the hydrocolloid impression materials, by spraying, not by ______.

Similarity between fixed implant prostheses and tooth supported fixed prostheses during the construction phase is present whereas the main difference arise from the tolarance to the upper prosthetic structure. Rather than natural tooth, osteointegrated implants does not have the periodontal ligaments and they have slight mobility only from the elasticity of bone structure. Because of that impression technique and sensitivty plays important role for reflecting the correct and exact location of the implants on the 3-D main study model, this phase of construction is so vital for ______ supported prostheses.

Passive fit is defined as the state of full adaptation to abutments without applying tensile, compressive and bending forces when implant-supported prostheses are not under the influence of occlusal forces. One of the most important stages to achieve passive compliance is the ______ stage.

Factors affecting passive fit can be listed as are the number of implants, implant localization, impression material used, type of restoration (cemented / screwed), type of abutment used (straight / angled), design and configuration of the metal substructure, substructure material (nickel-chrome / titanium / zirconium),the design of the prosthetic restoration (one-piece/multi-piece), the experience of the technician at the laboratory stage and the problems to be encountered during the labaratory phase. Marginal mismatches that are invisible to the naked eye or not detectable by dental instruments are considered clinically acceptable. Marginal openings between 100 and 150 μm were considered clinically acceptable in ______.

At the same time, since the impresions can be stored in digital environment; There will be no problem of space due to the storage of plaster models, and the dimensions can be stored for a long time without being damaged. By not using spoons, splint materials, impression materials and plasters, both the cost of these materials can be saved, and the impressions can be sent to the laboratory instantly in electronic environment, thus speeding up the ______.

In order to carry out infection control in dentistry, as a basic principle, every patient should be considered as a potential infection and precautions should be taken without any discrimination. For this purpose, sterilization and disinfection, which are the most important stages of infection control, should be applied well. The devices and surfaces used should be purified from organic matter and pathogens before disinfection and sterilization processes. This process is called ______.

The transmission of pathogenic microorganisms from one person to another is called cross-contamination, and the infection that occurs in this way is called cross-infection. Sources of infection in dentistry are hands, saliva, blood, clots, liquid droplets, instruments and devices used in dentistry. During dental procedures, the patient's mucous membrane and gums may be damaged, as a result, saliva and blood can easily enter the impression material during the impression taking process. Bacteria and viruses contaminate the impression material. Dental impression materials, whose dimensional stability and precision are improving day by day, are a potential source of ______, although they have effective antibacterial properties, and therefore they can pose a risk in terms of health.

The interaction between dentists and dental laboratory technicians has been termed a ‘‘love- hate relationship’’, and the laboratory work authorization has been called the most frequently used and abused form of communication between them. Dentists and dental technicians are a team in ensuring proper prosthetic design, and each team member must support the other to continually improve professional services. The ultimate challenge is not perfection, but the pursuit of excellence for patients despite their financial resources. When necessary, dental technicians do not only do the desired job; They must be capable of noticing situations that require control such as deficiencies or wrongs in the desired job and they must be accessible at any time. Therefore, it is the dentist's responsibility to establish correct and respectful communication with the appropriate laboratory and experienced technician. 2. What the Technicians Expect from the Dentists Materdomini stated that “communication is the key to success in cosmetic dentistry/laboratory relations.”. Verbal communication is traditionally unreliable. Instructions for the work assigned to the dental laboratory technician should be clear. A comprehensive dental laboratory form with a necessary checklist is an essential element for dentist-technician communication. The form describes required components of restorations with illustrations and allows for additional information that the dentist feels is necessary for each individual situation (Pic-1). In a study (Barbara et al., 2005), dental technicians' complaints about dentists were evaluated. Common problems rcportcd by respondent technicians included inadequate occlusal reduction for crown prcparations (47%), poor impressions (40%),and the abscncc of rest preparation for removable partial dentures (20%). Dentists have a great role to play in eliminating these problems. 3. Information to be Given by the Dentists The factors that a dentist should pay attention to when sending a fixed prosthesis job to the technician are tooth preparation, impression material, impression method, planning (material selection, body type), color, aesthetics, occlusal records, information about the implant used, if available, and disinfection of the impressions taken. In addition, there should be an information sheet containing more detailed information about the work to be done. It should be written in this paper: 1. The patient’s name, gender, age 2. The date when materials taken by patient 3. If is is necessary patient’ s photos, videos 4. The patient’s expectations 5. The type of occlusion 6. Dentist’ s name, sign, phone number and referance number Necessary information in fixed crown/bridge treatment: Framework type, occlusal surface, type of occlusion, pontic design and margin design are are strategic directions for the dental technician. · Preparation: Preparations carefully prepared with margins that are regular and definitive, have axial surfaces in harmony with parallelism when necessary, and have surfaces and contours that are smooth, nicely finished, and devoid of undercuts make it possible for the dentist to obtain accurate impressions and for the technician to work precisely. One of the greatest difficulties experienced by the dental laboratory technician is the fabrication of restorations for teeth that have been insufficiently reduced, particularly for veneer crowns. Occlusal surfaces should be reduced sufficiently to allow space for producing a harmonious occlusal pattern. Axial surfaces on teeth prepared for veneer crowns should be reduced to permit the fabrication of esthetic veneers with an adequate bulk of veneering material to develop lifelike colors, without exceeding the bounds of normal tooth morphology, and where recessed seats and internal attachments are required, the preparation should be reduced to permit their proper placement. All of this reduction of the tooth must be done and, at the same time, the demands of pulp preservation and good operative procedure must be met. The laboratory technician must realize that the preservation of the ‘vitality of the tooth is paramount. If tooth reduction must be limited, both the dentist and the technician must use all of the care, skill, and artistry that they have at their command to preserve the pulp and still produce a clinically and esthetically acceptable restoration. · Occlusal Recording: The next responsibility of the dentist in the construction of a fixed partial denture is to make registrations of maxillomandibular relations so that the casts can be oriented in the articulator. The dentist must select the method or technique that is suitable, and provide the laboratory technician with accurate usable registrations. If a simple hinge articulator is to be used, an accurate interocclusal record of centric relation is necessary. If adjustable articulators are to be used, the registration should be as sophisticated as the capabilities of the articulator and the dentist permit. The more complicated the articulator and registrations used, the greater is the responsibility of the dentist in personally transferring these registrations to the articulator and in setting and adjusting it. In occlusal recordings taken by biting wax or silicone, it should be ensured that the wax is removed from the mouth at the right time, and if necessary, bite recordings should be taken several times to find the correct closure. It is important for the technician to apply the correct procedure, especially in full mouth cuts or in patients with different bites, to take the bite record before and after tooth cutting. · Impression: The most important key in the impression stage is the dentist's selection of the right impression method and material. In the impression taken, it should be ensured that the collar regions, preparation borders, walls and proximal regions are clear.

In order to provide effective disinfection, the American Dental Association (ADA) recommends that the alginate impression material is placed in a closed bag and kept there for the required disinfection period in spray disinfection. Vinyl polysiloxane impression materials (VPS), from the group of elastomeric impression materials, are widely used due to their superior elastic properties, excellent dimensional stability and high accuracy. However, they are hydrophobic due to their chemical structure. To overcome this feature, manufacturers have added surfactants to these materials and classified them as hydrophilic VPS impression materials. Included surfactants increase water absorption when immersed in disinfecting solutions. Prolonged immersion of hydrophilic polyvinyl siloxane in disinfecting solution should be avoided. Leaving the material in the ______ solution for longer than the recommended immersion time may reduce the dimensional stability of the material as a result of the additional ingredients included in the formulation. In a study investigating the disinfection of polyvinyl siloxane and polyether impression materials, it was shown that adequate disinfection was provided in impression materials applied ______ for 10 minutes by spray or dipping method, and there was no bacterial growth in plaster models obtained from these impressions.

In addition, it has been stated that Sars-Cov-2 virus, which has caused pandemics in recent years, is sensitive to disinfectants containing 75% ethanol and chlorine due to its oily bilayer structure. In a study examining the effectiveness of disinfectant materials used in dentistry on ______s on the surface of silicone, irreversible hydrocolloid and zinc oxide impression materials, it was determined that there was almost no ______ growth after 3 and 10 minutes of disinfection with iodine-based disinfectant solution (betadine). and at the end of 10-minute disinfection, only growth was observed on the surface of the zinc oxide impression material contaminated with C. albicans, and they also reported that complete disinfection was achieved at the end of 3 and 10 minutes disinfection with glutaraldehyde.

It is also recommended to wait for 3-10 minutes with hydrocolloid ______ materials with 1% sodium hypochlorite or 0.05% iodoform, 2% glutaraldehyde. When the ______ materials are disinfected using 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate, 1.0% sodium hypochlorite and 2.2% glutaraldehyde, sodium hypochlorite has been shown to cause the dimensional change at the lowest level. Among ______ materials, alginate and zinc oxide eugenol materials showed more dimensional changes than other additive type silicone and condensation type silicone materials. Consulting with the manufacturer of the ______ material before the procedure is beneficial in determining the method to be applied.

Zinc oxide eugenol impression materials are disinfected with ______ that do not contain chlorine compounds. Since polyether impression materials are hydrophilic, they are kept in sodium hypochlorite for 2-3 minutes or disinfected with a spray in order not to impair their dimensional stability. It is equally important not to rely solely on the short-term and weak disinfecting effect of ethyl alcohol or hydrogen peroxide.

Before ultraviolet light disinfection, visibly soiled surfaces must be cleaned. The wavelength used when using the dental ultraviolet room is 254 nm, which has been reported to be very effective in disinfecting the ______. Exposure of humans to ultraviolet light is harmful and can cause eye damage and burns. Therefore, controlled use of Ultraviolet-C disinfection is required.

In a survey study conducted in England in 2010, the impression disinfection protocols of dentists and dental technicians were evaluated. It was stated that 37.2% of the dentists washed the ______ with water before disinfection, and 2.6% of them removed the debris with the help of a brush. It has been reported that 50% of dental technicians disinfect the ______ regardless of the disinfection status of the impre.

This cleaning and washing process is effective in reducing the amount of microbial accumulation and organic residue in the measure. The idea of disinfection of dental impression ______ using UV (Ultraviolet) rays has emerged as an alternative due to the negative effects of chemical disinfectants on the ______. When microorganisms are exposed to ultraviolet rays of a certain wavelength (200-280 nm), their ability to reproduce is destroyed and inactivation occurs faster, so they no longer pose a threat to humans.

Since ultraviolet light has a low penetrating power, it is not easily absorbed by organic materials. The wavelength used when using the dental ultraviolet room is 254 nm, which has been reported to be very effective in disinfecting the ______. Exposure of humans to ultraviolet light is harmful and can cause eye damage and burns. Therefore, controlled use of Ultraviolet-C disinfection is required.

It was stated that 37.2% of the dentists washed the ______ with water before disinfection, and 2.6% of them removed the debris with the help of a brush. It has been reported that 50% of dental technicians disinfect the ______ regardless of the disinfection status of the impre.

Exposure of humans to ultraviolet light is harmful and can cause eye damage and burns. Therefore, controlled use of Ultraviolet-C ______ is required. In a survey study conducted in England in 2010, the impression ______ protocols of dentists and dental technicians were evaluated.