29 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the normal skin flora?
Predominantly Gram-negative
Which of the following statements about the skin flora in moist areas is correct?
Gram-positive bacteria are more likely to be present than Gram-negative bacteria.
What is the term used to describe the organisms that are normally present on the skin and have low pathogenicity?
Resident flora
Which of the following statements about the transient flora is correct?
They are picked up by contact with colonized surfaces and have variable survival times.
Which of the following factors can affect the composition of the skin flora?
All of the above
What is the most important infection control strategy in hospitals, according to the text?
The text does not mention the most important infection control strategy in hospitals
What type of relationship is described where one organism benefits and the other remains unaffected?
Commensalism
What term was coined by Joshua Lederberg to describe the ecological community of microorganisms that share our body space?
Microbiome
What percentage of the microbes in the human microbiome are unable to be cultured using traditional methods?
99%
Which term refers to the taxonomic identification of the microorganisms present in an environment?
Microbiota
Which term refers to the genes and genomes of the microbiota, including plasmids, highlighting the genetic potential of the population?
Metagenome
Which of the following is NOT a common organism found in the normal flora of the respiratory tract?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Which of the following statements about the gut microbiome is INCORRECT?
It consists solely of anaerobic bacteria.
What is the term used to describe a microbial imbalance or disruption of the body's microbiota?
Dysbiosis
Which of the following statements about dysbiosis is CORRECT?
It can promote an immune response to benign commensals and food antigens.
Which of the following factors is NOT listed as contributing to poor hand disinfection compliance rates among healthcare workers?
Lack of access to hand disinfection products
According to the information provided, what is the typical range of hand disinfection compliance rates among healthcare workers?
40% - 50%
Which of the following statements accurately describes the human microbiome?
It consists of approximately 600 genera and 10 million unique microbial genes, while the human genome has around 21,500 genes.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the establishment of the human microbiome?
Growing evidence suggests that the foetus is exposed to microorganisms in utero, potentially contributing to immune tolerance.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the functions of the human microbiome?
The microbiome contributes to colonization resistance, antimicrobial production, nutrient competition, immune system development, and metabolic functions.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the diversity and ecological organization of the human microbiome?
The microbiome exhibits differences in diversity, ecological organization, and taxonomic composition across various body sites.
Which of the following factors is known to influence the composition of the human microbiome?
The mode of delivery (cesarean or vaginal) and early-life exposures, such as family members and the home environment, can shape the microbiome.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the stabilization of the human microbiome?
The microbiome is thought to stabilize around the age of 3-4 years, after which it remains relatively constant.
What is the primary consequence of reduced diversity and increased Enterobacterales in the gut microbiome?
Increased numbers of bacteria able to survive in a hostile environment
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a disease associated with dysbiosis?
Parkinson's disease
What is a significant limitation in our current understanding of the microbiome?
Lack of consistency across studies due to different populations, influences, timeframes, and methods
What is the primary reason why the commensal flora is considered important, according to the text?
They participate in the host's metabolic homeostasis
What is meant by the term "dysbiosis" in the context of the microbiome?
An imbalance or disruption in the normal composition of the microbiome
What is a significant unknown regarding the microbiome?
How to restore the microbiome to a "normal" state
Test your knowledge on normal flora, microbiome, and bacterial relationships in this quiz. Learn about symbiosis types such as commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism. Find out interesting facts like the estimated number of bacteria residing in an average human body.
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