Microbiology Transport Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is chemically modified in group translocation?

A phosphate group is added to the compound being transported

What is group translocation?

Active transport where the compound being moved is chemically modified

What is the phosphotransferase system?

Removes phosphate group from PEP and adds it to glucose

What does PEP stand for?

Phosphoenolpyruvate Signup and view all the answers

How does group translocation work?

The phosphotransferase system picks up a phosphate group from PEP and transfers it to glucose, forming glucose-6-phosphate. Signup and view all the answers

What two systems move glucose through the cell?

Facilitated diffusion through a porin on the outer membrane and group translocation across the inner membrane Signup and view all the answers

Group translocation requires a favorable concentration gradient whereas facilitated diffusion requires energy.

False Signup and view all the answers

What does ABC stand for in ABC transport?

ATP Binding Cassette Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of periplasmic binding proteins?

Binds a specific compound and carries it across the periplasm to the inner membrane Signup and view all the answers

What does a membrane spanning transporter contain?

A channel through which a specific compound can move through the inner membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ATP hydrolyzing proteins?

Breaks down ATP to provide energy for the compound to move through the membrane spanning transporter Signup and view all the answers

What is a superfamily in the context of proteins?

A group of proteins that are structurally similar and related on an evolutionary basis Signup and view all the answers

What do all ABC superfamily proteins have?

ATP binding cassettes Signup and view all the answers

Hydrolysis of ATP is an endergonic reaction.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is heme?

An organic iron found in heme-containing proteins Signup and view all the answers

In which cells is heme present?

Muscle cells in myoglobin and red blood cells in hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

What two systems are needed for heme transport?

Ton B dependent and ABC transport Signup and view all the answers

What is Ton B dependent transport?

Transport across the outer membrane powered by the proton gradient Signup and view all the answers

What is ABC transport responsible for?

Transport across the inner membrane Signup and view all the answers

What pathogen causes cholera-like disease?

Plesiomonas Shigelloides Signup and view all the answers

What is Hug B?

Periplasmic heme binding protein Signup and view all the answers

What is Hug C?

Membrane spanning transporter Signup and view all the answers

What is Hug D?

ATPase (ATP hydrolyzing enzyme) Signup and view all the answers

What is a siderophore?

Organic molecules secreted by bacteria that have an extremely high affinity for Fe Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the heme transport system?

Hug A is a heme receptor that binds to heme and transports it into the cell. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Group Translocation

Involves active transport where the transported compound is chemically modified during the process.
Phosphate group from Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is added to glucose, forming glucose-6-phosphate (Glucose6-P).
Operates through a sequence of non-specific and specific enzymes, using a membrane protein that acts as a kinase.

Phosphotransferase System

This system is responsible for transferring a phosphate group from PEP to glucose, facilitating glucose transport.

PEP (Phosphoenolpyruvate)

An unstable compound that plays a crucial role in group translocation by providing the phosphate group.

Transport Mechanisms for Glucose

Glucose enters cells via facilitated diffusion through porins in the outer membrane.
Group translocation mechanism is employed across the inner membrane involving chemical modification.

Energy Requirements

Group translocation requires energy input, whereas facilitated diffusion is dependent on a favorable concentration gradient.

ABC Transport

Stands for ATP Binding Cassette, featuring amino acid sequences that bind ATP for transport functions.
Includes membrane spanning transporters that form channels for specific compounds to move from the inner membrane to the cytoplasm.

Periplasmic Binding

Periplasmic binding proteins specialize in binding specific compounds and transporting them across the periplasm to the inner membrane.

Siderophores

Organic molecules secreted by bacteria with a high affinity for iron, enhancing the bacterium’s ability to transport iron into the cell.

Heme

A complex organic iron present in myoglobin (muscle cells) and hemoglobin (red blood cells), integral for various cellular functions.

Heme Transport Systems

Utilizes two systems: Ton B dependent transport and ABC transport.
Ton B dependent transport relies on a proton gradient across the outer membrane.
ABC transport is crucial for transporting iron siderophore molecules across the inner membrane.

Plesiomonas Shigelloides

An internal pathogen responsible for cholera-like diseases characterized by excessive watery diarrhea and dysentery-like symptoms.

Components of Heme Transport System

Hug B is identified as a periplasmic heme-binding protein.
Hug C serves as the membrane spanning transporter for heme.
Hug D is the ATPase, breaking down ATP to provide energy for the transport processes.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the concepts of transport mechanisms in microbiology, particularly focusing on group translocation and the phosphotransferase system. This quiz will help reinforce your understanding of active transport processes and the chemical modifications involved.