Questions and Answers
What is chemically modified in group translocation?
A phosphate group is added to the compound being transported
What is group translocation?
Active transport where the compound being moved is chemically modified
What is the phosphotransferase system?
Removes phosphate group from PEP and adds it to glucose
What does PEP stand for?
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How does group translocation work?
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What two systems move glucose through the cell?
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Group translocation requires a favorable concentration gradient whereas facilitated diffusion requires energy.
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What does ABC stand for in ABC transport?
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What is the function of periplasmic binding proteins?
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What does a membrane spanning transporter contain?
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What is the role of ATP hydrolyzing proteins?
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What is a superfamily in the context of proteins?
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What do all ABC superfamily proteins have?
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Hydrolysis of ATP is an endergonic reaction.
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What is heme?
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In which cells is heme present?
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What two systems are needed for heme transport?
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What is Ton B dependent transport?
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What is ABC transport responsible for?
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What pathogen causes cholera-like disease?
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What is Hug B?
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What is Hug C?
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What is Hug D?
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What is a siderophore?
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What is the function of the heme transport system?
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Study Notes
Group Translocation
- Involves active transport where the transported compound is chemically modified during the process.
- Phosphate group from Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is added to glucose, forming glucose-6-phosphate (Glucose6-P).
- Operates through a sequence of non-specific and specific enzymes, using a membrane protein that acts as a kinase.
Phosphotransferase System
- This system is responsible for transferring a phosphate group from PEP to glucose, facilitating glucose transport.
PEP (Phosphoenolpyruvate)
- An unstable compound that plays a crucial role in group translocation by providing the phosphate group.
Transport Mechanisms for Glucose
- Glucose enters cells via facilitated diffusion through porins in the outer membrane.
- Group translocation mechanism is employed across the inner membrane involving chemical modification.
Energy Requirements
- Group translocation requires energy input, whereas facilitated diffusion is dependent on a favorable concentration gradient.
ABC Transport
- Stands for ATP Binding Cassette, featuring amino acid sequences that bind ATP for transport functions.
- Includes membrane spanning transporters that form channels for specific compounds to move from the inner membrane to the cytoplasm.
Periplasmic Binding
- Periplasmic binding proteins specialize in binding specific compounds and transporting them across the periplasm to the inner membrane.
Siderophores
- Organic molecules secreted by bacteria with a high affinity for iron, enhancing the bacterium’s ability to transport iron into the cell.
Heme
- A complex organic iron present in myoglobin (muscle cells) and hemoglobin (red blood cells), integral for various cellular functions.
Heme Transport Systems
- Utilizes two systems: Ton B dependent transport and ABC transport.
- Ton B dependent transport relies on a proton gradient across the outer membrane.
- ABC transport is crucial for transporting iron siderophore molecules across the inner membrane.
Plesiomonas Shigelloides
- An internal pathogen responsible for cholera-like diseases characterized by excessive watery diarrhea and dysentery-like symptoms.
Components of Heme Transport System
- Hug B is identified as a periplasmic heme-binding protein.
- Hug C serves as the membrane spanning transporter for heme.
- Hug D is the ATPase, breaking down ATP to provide energy for the transport processes.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the concepts of transport mechanisms in microbiology, particularly focusing on group translocation and the phosphotransferase system. This quiz will help reinforce your understanding of active transport processes and the chemical modifications involved.