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Questions and Answers
What role does slime production play in Staphylococcus epidermidis infections?
What role does slime production play in Staphylococcus epidermidis infections?
- Causes faster replication of bacteria
- Decreases host immune response
- Increases susceptibility to antibiotics
- Enhances attachment to devices like catheters (correct)
Which pathogen is the most common cause of community-acquired urinary tract infections in young females?
Which pathogen is the most common cause of community-acquired urinary tract infections in young females?
- Escherichia coli
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Staphylococcus saprophyticus (correct)
- Staphylococcus epidermidis
What type of coagulase is characteristic of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS)?
What type of coagulase is characteristic of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS)?
- Variable coagulase
- Negative coagulase (correct)
- Indeterminate coagulase
- Positive coagulase
What is the novobiocin resistance pattern for Staphylococcus saprophyticus?
What is the novobiocin resistance pattern for Staphylococcus saprophyticus?
What is the virulence factor associated with Staphylococcus epidermidis that contributes to its pathogenicity?
What is the virulence factor associated with Staphylococcus epidermidis that contributes to its pathogenicity?
What distinguishes S. saprophyticus from S. epidermidis in a mannitol test?
What distinguishes S. saprophyticus from S. epidermidis in a mannitol test?
In the Bacitracin susceptibility test, how do S. saprophyticus and S. epidermidis differ?
In the Bacitracin susceptibility test, how do S. saprophyticus and S. epidermidis differ?
Which type of aerobe is S. saprophyticus classified as?
Which type of aerobe is S. saprophyticus classified as?
Which test would yield a negative result for S. epidermidis?
Which test would yield a negative result for S. epidermidis?
What is the glucose utilization characteristic of S. saprophyticus?
What is the glucose utilization characteristic of S. saprophyticus?
How does S. epidermidis respond to the Furazolidone/Furoxone susceptibility test?
How does S. epidermidis respond to the Furazolidone/Furoxone susceptibility test?
What is the hemolytic activity of S. saprophyticus on Blood Agar Plates (BAP)?
What is the hemolytic activity of S. saprophyticus on Blood Agar Plates (BAP)?
Which statement about the modified oxidase test for S. saprophyticus is true?
Which statement about the modified oxidase test for S. saprophyticus is true?
What is the primary virulence factor of Neisseria meningitidis?
What is the primary virulence factor of Neisseria meningitidis?
Which of the following organisms is primarily responsible for causing gonorrhea?
Which of the following organisms is primarily responsible for causing gonorrhea?
What is the consequence of untreated gonococcal infections in newborns?
What is the consequence of untreated gonococcal infections in newborns?
What type of specimen is recommended for collecting samples to test for gonorrhea?
What type of specimen is recommended for collecting samples to test for gonorrhea?
Which of the following sugars does Moraxella catarrhalis ferment?
Which of the following sugars does Moraxella catarrhalis ferment?
Which test is used to indicate the presence of Neisseria meningitidis?
Which test is used to indicate the presence of Neisseria meningitidis?
What type of colonies does N. sicca produce when cultured?
What type of colonies does N. sicca produce when cultured?
What is a characteristic feature of Moraxella catarrhalis's natural habitat?
What is a characteristic feature of Moraxella catarrhalis's natural habitat?
What is the primary hemolysis pattern exhibited by Streptococcus pyogenes on Blood Agar Plates (BAP)?
What is the primary hemolysis pattern exhibited by Streptococcus pyogenes on Blood Agar Plates (BAP)?
Which virulence factor of Streptococcus pyogenes is primarily responsible for its anti-phagocytic properties?
Which virulence factor of Streptococcus pyogenes is primarily responsible for its anti-phagocytic properties?
Which clinical condition is NOT caused by Streptococcus pyogenes?
Which clinical condition is NOT caused by Streptococcus pyogenes?
What characteristic feature does the erythrogenic toxin of Streptococcus pyogenes cause?
What characteristic feature does the erythrogenic toxin of Streptococcus pyogenes cause?
Which characteristic distinguishes Streptococcus pyogenes from other Streptococci in the Lancefield classification?
Which characteristic distinguishes Streptococcus pyogenes from other Streptococci in the Lancefield classification?
What laboratory test would most likely be used to detect a Streptococcus pyogenes infection?
What laboratory test would most likely be used to detect a Streptococcus pyogenes infection?
What type of hemolysin is Streptolysin O classified as?
What type of hemolysin is Streptolysin O classified as?
What is a common post-streptococcal sequelae associated with repeated pharyngitis?
What is a common post-streptococcal sequelae associated with repeated pharyngitis?
What is the percentage of O2 required for aerobes?
What is the percentage of O2 required for aerobes?
Which test is used to detect micrococci?
Which test is used to detect micrococci?
What color indicates a positive result for the cytochrome test?
What color indicates a positive result for the cytochrome test?
Which species is a late lactose fermenter detected by the ONPG test?
Which species is a late lactose fermenter detected by the ONPG test?
What are the CO2 requirements for capnophilic organisms?
What are the CO2 requirements for capnophilic organisms?
Which species has a positive result for glucose but negative for all other sugars?
Which species has a positive result for glucose but negative for all other sugars?
What does a positive oxidase test result indicate when using a 1% oxidase reagent?
What does a positive oxidase test result indicate when using a 1% oxidase reagent?
Which organism is positive for glucose and maltose but negative for lactose, sucrose, and fructose?
Which organism is positive for glucose and maltose but negative for lactose, sucrose, and fructose?
Flashcards
Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea
A sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by bacteria.
Specimen collection for females in Gonorrhea
Specimen collection for females in Gonorrhea
A cervical swab is used to collect samples in females with Gonorrhea.
Specimen collection for males in Gonorrhea
Specimen collection for males in Gonorrhea
A urethral swab is used to collect samples in males with Gonorrhea.
Opthalmia neonatorum
Opthalmia neonatorum
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Crede's prophylaxis
Crede's prophylaxis
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Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria meningitidis
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Quellung Test
Quellung Test
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Moraxella catarrhalis
Moraxella catarrhalis
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Oxidase test
Oxidase test
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Staphylococcus
Staphylococcus
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Micrococcus
Micrococcus
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Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
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Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus epidermidis
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Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS)
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS)
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Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus pyogenes
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Catalase test
Catalase test
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Beta hemolysis
Beta hemolysis
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Alpha hemolysis
Alpha hemolysis
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Gamma hemolysis
Gamma hemolysis
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Lancefield classification
Lancefield classification
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ONPG Test
ONPG Test
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Virulence factor of Streptococcus pyogenes
Virulence factor of Streptococcus pyogenes
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Streptokinase
Streptokinase
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Erythrogenic toxin
Erythrogenic toxin
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Protein A in Staphylococcus aureus
Protein A in Staphylococcus aureus
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Staphylokinase
Staphylokinase
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Necrotizing fasciitis
Necrotizing fasciitis
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Post streptococcal sequelae
Post streptococcal sequelae
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Study Notes
Gonorrhea
- Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease (STD).
- In females, a cervical swab is used for specimen collection.
- In males, a urethral swab is used for specimen collection.
- Gonorrhea can cause opthalmia neonatorum, a gonococcal eye infection in newborns.
- Opthalmia neonatorum is acquired when discharge from an infected mother accumulates in the newborn's conjunctiva.
- Crede's prophylaxis or erythromycin is used to prevent opthalmia neonatorum.
Neisseria meningitidis
- Neisseria meningitidis is a gram-negative diplococcus.
- Neisseria meningitidis is encapsulated.
- The Quellung Test is positive for Neisseria meningitidis.
- The Neufeld Quellung Test detects the presence of a bacterial capsule through agglutination.
Moraxella catarrhalis
- Moraxella catarrhalis is a gram-negative diplococcus.
- Moraxella catarrhalis is oxidase positive.
- Moraxella catarrhalis ferments maltose and glucose.
- Moraxella catarrhalis is a common inhabitant of the oro and nasopharynx.
- Moraxella catarrhalis is nonencapsulated.
Staphylococcus
- Staphylococcus is a facultative anaerobe.
- Staphylococcus is catalase positive.
Micrococcus
- Micrococcus is a strict aerobe.
- Micrococcus is catalase positive.
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
- Staphylococcus saprophyticus is resistant to novobiocin.
- Staphylococcus saprophyticus is the most common cause of urinary tract infections (UTI) in young females.
- Staphylococcus saprophyticus causes pyelonephritis and cystitis in patients with indwelling catheters.
Staphylococcus epidermidis
- Staphylococcus epidermidis is sensitive to novobiocin.
- Staphylococcus epidermidis is a normal skin flora.
- Staphylococcus epidermidis causes UTIs, stitch abscesses, and prosthetic heart valve infections.
CoNS
- CoNS stands for coagulase-negative staphylococci.
- CoNS is a common inhabitant of the human skin.
- CoNS are coagulase negative.
- CoNS are mannitol fermentation negative.
- CoNS are DNase negative.
- CoNS do not produce hemolysis (gamma hemolysis).
- The main virulence factor for CoNS is slime production and biofilm formation, which promotes adherence to plastic catheters.
Streptococcus pyogenes
- Streptococcus pyogenes is a gram-positive cocci.
- Streptococcus pyogenes is catalase negative.
- Streptococcus pyogenes is PYR positive.
- Streptococcus pyogenes is bacitracin-susceptible.
- Streptococcus pyogenes belongs to Lancefield Group A.
- Streptococcus pyogenes is a major throat pathogen and is associated with bacterial pharyngitis (strep throat).
- Streptococcus pyogenes causes pyoderma, a skin infection that can be characterized by erysipelas.
- Streptococcus pyogenes also causes scarlet fever, characterized by a strawberry tongue.
- Streptococcus pyogenes can cause necrotizing fasciitis, a rapid-progressing skin infection.
- Streptococcus pyogenes is associated with post streptococcal sequelae, such as acute glomerulonephritis and rheumatic fever.
Streptococcus pyogenes virulence factors
- M-protein (found in the cell wall) - major virulence factor; anti-phagocytic
- Protein F - Promotes attachment to epithelial cells
- Streptokinase - Dissolves clots, promotes fibrinolysis
- Hyaluronidase - Spreading factor
- Erythrogenic or pyrogenic toxin - Causes rashes in scarlet fever
- Streptolysin O - Oxygen labile, antigenic, responsible for beta hemolysis
- Streptolysin S - Causes sub-surface hemolysis on blood agar plates
Virulence factor for Staphylococcus aureus
- Protein A - Promotes attachment to epithelial cells
- Staphylokinase - Promotes fibrinolysis
Hemolysis on Blood Agar Plates (BAP)
- Gamma hemolysis: No hemolysis
- Beta hemolysis: Clear zone around colony
- Alpha hemolysis: Greenish discoloration around colony
Lancefield Classification of Streptococci
- Based on the presence of cell wall polysaccharides (common C carbohydrate)
ONPG Test
- Used to detect late lactose fermenters (Lactose Negative, ONPG Positive)
Oxidase Test
- Modified oxidase test - Detects micrococci (G+) using 6% oxidase reagent, resulting in a blue color.
- Cytochrome oxidase test - Detects gram-negative organisms using 1% oxidase reagent resulting in a purple color.
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Description
This quiz covers key information about sexually transmitted diseases, focusing on gonorrhea, as well as bacterial pathogens like Neisseria meningitidis and Moraxella catarrhalis. Test your knowledge on their characteristics, specimen collection methods, and associated complications. Perfect for students seeking to understand clinical microbiology.
