Microbiology Quiz on Fungi and Diseases

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Questions and Answers

Which statement accurately describes fungi's cellular composition?

  • Fungi cells contain only ergosterol
  • Fungi cells have a cell wall composed of chitin (correct)
  • Fungi cells lack a cell wall
  • Fungi cells are prokaryotic in nature

What is the primary reason fungi are not susceptible to Penicillin?

  • Their cell wall is composed of polysaccharides (correct)
  • Fungi are exclusively aerobic organisms
  • Fungi have rigid cell membranes
  • Fungi lack a nucleus

Which yeast species is known to cause skin conditions such as Pityriasis versicolor?

  • Malassezia furfur (correct)
  • Candida albicans
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae
  • Aspergillus niger

Which of the following statements about Tinea infections is incorrect?

<p>Tinea unguinum affects the fingernails specifically (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of spore is classified as asexual?

<p>Macroconidium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about fungi is true?

<p>Fungi can exist as unicellular or multicellular organisms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the statement that is incorrect about Cryptococcus neoformans.

<p>It affects primarily healthy individuals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding mold cultivation is accurate?

<p>Molds can be effectively cultured on SDA agar. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What accurately represents the composition of a fungal cell wall?

<p>Chitin, mannan, B-glucan. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is typically NOT found in granulomas?

<p>Multinucleated giant cells surrounded by phagocytes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is most closely related to tuberculosis?

<p>Darling’s Disease. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of infection is NOT associated with Histoplasmosis?

<p>Secondary infection. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the inaccurate pairing of polymer and monomer.

<p>Chitosan --&gt; D-Glucosamine. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Arthrospore

A type of fungal spore produced by the fragmentation of hyphae.

Blastospore

A type of fungal spore produced asexually by budding from a parent cell.

Holomorph

The complete, full biological entity of a fungus, including both its asexual and sexual phases.

Macroconidium

A large, multicellular asexual fungal spore, usually produced in chains.

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Microconidium

A small, unicellular asexual fungal spore, usually produced in clusters.

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Fungal Cell Structure

Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that have more than one nucleus in their cells. This distinguishes them from prokaryotic organisms like bacteria.

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Properties of Cryptococcus neoformans

Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal species known for causing meningitis and encephalitis, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems like those with AIDS. It is also known for its encapsulated structure, but the capsule is not solely made of monosaccharides.

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Fungal Culture Medium

Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) is a commonly used medium to cultivate fungi. It provides the necessary nutrients for fungal growth.

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Fungal Cell Wall Components

The fungal cell wall is composed of chitin, mannan, and beta-glucan. This structure helps to maintain the shape of the fungus and protects it from the environment.

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Granuloma Structure

Granulomas are collections of immune cells that form around a site of infection. The characteristic feature of granulomas is the presence of foam cells (macrophages filled with lipids) and infected macrophages, but NOT single nucleated giant cells surrounded by phagocytes.

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Darling's Disease

Darling's Disease (Histoplasmosis) is a fungal infection that can mimic tuberculosis due to its similar lung manifestations and systemic involvement. It is caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum.

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Forms of Histoplasmosis

Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection that can manifest in different ways, including pulmonary infection, disseminated infections, and primary infection. However, there is no distinct category called 'secondary infection'.

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Fungal Polymer and Monomer Pairing

Chitosan is a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine, while the other listed polymers and monomers are correctly paired. For example, beta-glucan is made up of D-glucose, mannan is made up of D-mannose, and cellulose is also made up of D-glucose.

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Study Notes

Microbiology Questions

  • Fungi: Fungi are eukaryotic organisms, possessing more than one nucleus. They are not autotrophs and do not contain chlorophyll. Fungi can survive as obligate aerobes.

  • Cryptococcus neoformans: This fungus causes meningitis and encephalitis, particularly in AIDS patients. Its capsule increases its virulence. The capsule structure is made up of polysaccharides, but not monosaccharides.

  • Fungal Growth Media: Fungi can grow on SDA (Sabouraud dextrose agar). Yeast cultures are also grown on SDA. Lactophenol cotton blue is used to stain yeast, while molds are often not stained with Gram stain.

  • Fungal Cell Wall Composition: Fungal cell walls are composed of chitin, mannan, and b-glucan.

  • Granulomas: Granulomas contain foamy macrophages, infected macrophages and giant cells surrounded by phagocytes, but not uninfected macrophages.

  • Tuberculosis-like Disease: Darling's Disease is similar to tuberculosis.

  • Histoplasmosis Infections: Histoplasmosis infections can include pulmonary, disseminated, and mucocutaneous infections. Secondary infections are not a type of histoplasmosis.

  • Polymers and Monomers: The correct polymerization is B-glucan with D-glucose; Mannan with D-mannose; Cellulose with D-glucose; Chitosan with N-acetylglucosamine; and α-glucan with D-glucose

  • Asexual Spores: Blastospores, macroconidia, microconidia, and arthrospores are types of asexual fungal spores. A holomorph(sexual phase) is not a type of asexual spore.

  • Fungal Infections (Tinea): Tinea barbae infects the face, Tinea manum infects the hands, Tinea unguium infects the nails. Tinia pedis infects the scalp and tinea cruris infects the perineum.

  • Aspergillus Flavus Toxin: Aspergillus flavus produces aflatoxin, a toxin linked to liver cancer.

  • Pityriasis Versicolor Yeast: Malassezia furfur is the yeast that can cause Pityriasis Versicolor.

  • Fungi and Cholesterol: Fungi utilize ergosterol, not cholesterol, in their cell membranes. It is not common in both fungi and animal cells.

  • Opportunistic Mycoses: Candida albicans is a common opportunistic fungal infection.

  • Fungal Cell Wall and Antibiotics: The cell wall of fungi is primarily polysaccharides, making them resistant to penicillin and penicillin-like antibiotics. This is because fungi cell walls are made of different materials compared to bacterial cell walls.

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