Microbiology Quiz on E.coli and Klebsiella
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Questions and Answers

What is the common name for Klebsiella spp.?

  • Pneumococcus
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Escherichia coli
  • Friedlander's Bacillus/Bacilli (correct)

Which disease is NOT typically associated with Klebsiella spp.?

  • Diarrheal disease
  • Tuberculosis (correct)
  • Pneumonia
  • Urinary tract infections

What type of diarrhea is caused by Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC)?

  • Bloody diarrhea with pus cells
  • Watery mucoid diarrhea without blood or pus cells (correct)
  • No diarrhea symptoms
  • Chronic diarrhea with severe dehydration

Which of the following is a characteristic of EAEC?

<p>May appear as mucoid colonies that tend to 'string' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following infections is NOT caused by Klebsiella spp.?

<p>Cholera (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)?

<p>Increased blood with acute renal failure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of E.coli serotype 0157:H7 on sorbitol fermentation in culture media?

<p>Remains colorless (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virulence factor is associated with the 0157:H7 E.coli serotype?

<p>Cytotoxin mediated by phage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of fermenting lactose by E.coli in standard lactose-containing media?

<p>Produces a pink color (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common feature of E.coli serotype 0157:H7?

<p>It can cause bleeding tendencies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Thrombocytopenia indicate in a patient with HUS?

<p>Decreased platelets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which agar is modified to differentiate E.coli serotype 0157:H7 from others using sorbitol?

<p>SMac (sorbitol MacConkey Agar) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to E.coli that cannot ferment sorbitol on SMac?

<p>Remains colorless (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of diarrhea is associated with Neufeld Quellung?

<p>Mucoid diarrhea without RBCs or WBCs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which site of infection is primarily affected by Klebsiella pneumoniae?

<p>Small intestine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable sign of infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae?

<p>Currant jelly-like sputum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of Klebsiella pneumoniae defines its IMViC reaction?

<ul> <li> <ul> <li> <ul> <li> <ul> <li>(B)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What does ESBL in Klebsiella pneumoniae stand for?

<p>Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes Klebsiella oxytoca's IMViC reaction?

<ul> <li> <ul> <li> <ul> <li> <ul> <li>(D)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What symptoms commonly occur with infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae?

<p>Dehydration, low-grade fever, and vomiting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unique characteristic is noted in the adherence pattern of Klebsiella pneumoniae?

<p>Aggregative stacked-brick pattern (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What red pigment is produced by marcescens?

<p>Prodigiosin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which IMViC reaction is positive for E.coli?

<p>Methyl Red (MR) (B), Indole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What result does Enterobacter produce after 24 hours of fermentation?

<p>Acid/Acid (A/A) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is identified as a late lactose fermenter?

<p>Citrobacter spp. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of K.pneumoniae subs.-pneumoniae?

<p>Positive for Gelatinase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which IMViC result differentiates Serratia from Citrobacter species?

<p>Serratia is + for Indole (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the majority of Enterobacter isolates?

<p>They are often linked to urinary tract infections. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which K.pneumoniae subspecies shares the same IMViC reactions as Enterobacter spp.?

<p>K.pneumoniae subs.-pneumoniae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary marker of fecal contamination related to E.coli?

<p>Colon Bacillus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which strain of E.coli is primarily responsible for urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

<p>Uropathogenic E.coli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptoms can progress to dysentery when caused by E.coli?

<p>Fever, cramping, and watery diarrhea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of test is the Sereny test used for?

<p>Diagnosis of E.coli ocular infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the IMViC reaction for E.coli?

<ul> <li> <ul> <li> <ul> <li> <ul> <li>(A)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of plasmid-mediated invasion in E.coli indicate?

<p>Infection of the epithelial cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Shigella strains?

<p>Non-motile and non-lactose fermenter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of E.coli invading the bowel mucosa?

<p>Bloody diarrhea and dysentery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which E.coli strain is associated with causing uncomplicated cystitis?

<p>Uropathogenic E.coli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What medium is used to differentiate serotypes of E.coli?

<p>Sorbitol MacConkey Agar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the human body does E.coli primarily cause disease?

<p>Colon and large intestine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clinical outcome of chronic infection by Uropathogenic E.coli?

<p>Chronic cystitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of diarrhea is most likely caused by Enteroinvasive E.coli?

<p>Bloody diarrhea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical reaction of E.coli in the Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) test?

<p>A/A, Gas +, H2S - (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What virulence factor allows Enterobacteriaceae organisms to adhere to epithelial cells?

<p>Pili (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathogen is primarily associated with epidemic diarrhea in infants?

<p>Escherichia coli (ETEC) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect do cytolysins have on the immune system?

<p>Inhibit immune effector cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following mechanisms does Aerobactin utilize?

<p>Chelates calcium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Enterobacteriaceae organism is known for causing traveler’s diarrhea?

<p>Escherichia coli (ETEC) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of diarrhea is associated with heat-labile enterotoxin?

<p>Profuse/watery cholera-like diarrhea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of plasmids in Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)?

<p>Increase secretion of fluids and electrolytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a primary intestinal pathogen in the Enterobacteriaceae family?

<p>Klebsiella (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following virulence factors are produced by Enterotoxigenic E. coli?

<p>Heat-stable enterotoxins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is shared among the opportunistic members of the Enterobacteriaceae family?

<p>They are clinically significant in immunocompromised individuals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

Virulence Factors

Characteristics that enable pathogens to cause disease.

Pili

Hair-like structures that allow bacteria to adhere to host cells.

Cytolysins

Substances that damage host cell membranes and inhibit immune cells.

Aerobactin

A virulence factor that chelates calcium to help bacteria grow.

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Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)

A strain of E. coli that causes diarrhea through enterotoxins.

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Heat-labile enterotoxin (LT)

A type of enterotoxin that causes watery diarrhea by affecting ion transport.

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Heat-stable enterotoxin (ST)

A stable enterotoxin that stimulates fluid secretion in the intestines.

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Profused/Watery Diarrhea

A large amount of watery stool often associated with certain bacterial infections.

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Opportunistic Members

Bacteria that can cause diseases primarily in compromised hosts.

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Montezuma’s Revenge

A colloquial term for traveler's diarrhea caused commonly by ETEC.

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E. coli serotype 0157:H7

A specific strain of E. coli associated with severe foodborne illness, causing Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS).

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Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)

A condition characterized by increased blood cell destruction, leading to kidney failure and decreased platelets.

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Thrombocytopenia

A medical term meaning decreased platelet count in the blood, often associated with bleeding tendencies.

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Cytotoxin

Toxic substance that is produced by certain bacteria and can kill cells or inhibit their function.

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Sorbitol fermentation

A test to identify bacterial ability to ferment sorbitol, differentiating E. coli 0157:H7 from others.

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SMac Agar

A specialized medium for growing E. coli that uses sorbitol instead of lactose to differentiate 0157:H7 strain.

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Non-fermenting sorbitol

Refers to E. coli 0157:H7, which does not ferment sorbitol, resulting in colorless colonies on SMac.

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Klebsiella spp.

Bacteria associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs) and pneumonia.

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DAEC

Enteroaggregative E. coli, causing acute and persistent diarrhea.

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Watery mucoid diarrhea

Diarrhea without red or white blood cells, indicating a non-bacterial infection.

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Septicemia

Presence of bacteria in the blood, which can lead to serious infections.

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Normal GIT Flora

Bacteria that normally inhabit the gastrointestinal tract and contribute to health.

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Fecal Contamination Marker

Indicators that signal the presence of fecal matter, often indicating contamination.

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UTI Cause

The condition often triggered by bacteria, with E.coli being the leading culprit.

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Nephropathogenic E.coli

A type of E.coli specifically associated with kidney infections.

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Dysentery

An intestinal infection leading to severe diarrhea with blood or mucus.

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Plasmid-mediated invasion

A mechanism allowing bacteria to infect and destroy epithelial cells.

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IMViC Reaction

A series of biochemical tests used to differentiate Enterobacteriaceae.

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Hemolysin

A toxic substance produced by some bacteria that destroys red blood cells.

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Sereny Test

A test used to identify pathogenic strains of E.coli by checking for eye infections.

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Shigella

A genus of bacteria known for causing bacterial dysentery.

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Sorbitol MacConkey Test

A selective culture medium used to differentiate lactose fermenting bacteria.

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Bloody Diarrhea

A serious condition where stool contains blood, often due to bacterial infection.

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MUG Test

A test used to differentiate E.coli strains based on their metabolic activity.

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Serratia marcescens

A bacterium that produces a red pigment known as prodigiosin.

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E. coli IMViC results

E. coli shows + + - - in IMViC tests.

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K. pneumoniae IMViC results

K. pneumoniae subs. pneumoniae shows - + + - in IMViC tests.

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Enterobacter IMViC results

Enterobacter shows - - + + in IMViC tests.

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Late Lactose Fermenters

Bacteria, like K. pneumoniae subs. oxytoca, that ferment lactose slower.

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Citrate Utilization

Test for the ability of bacteria to use citrate as a carbon source.

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Opportunistic Pathogen

Microorganism that mainly causes disease in immunocompromised hosts.

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Neufeld Quellung

A test used for identifying specific bacteria, notably certain serotypes of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

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Pediatric Diarrhea

Diarrhea in children that can be caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and is mucoid without RBCs or WBCs.

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Site of Infection

The small intestine is the primary site where Klebsiella pneumoniae causes diarrhea.

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Signs & Symptoms

Symptoms of infection may include dehydration, low-grade fever, and vomiting.

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Klebsiella pneumoniae

A bacteria that causes community-acquired pneumonia and can produce mucoid, currant jelly-like sputum.

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ESBL

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase; enzymes that confer resistance to many beta-lactam antibiotics.

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K.oxytoca

A strain of Klebsiella that tests Indole positive with a distinct IMViC reaction profile.

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Study Notes

Opportunistic Members of Family Enterobacteriaceae

  • Opportunistic members of the family Enterobacteriaceae include Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia, Citrobacter, Proteus, Morganella, Providencia, Hafnia, Edwardsiella, Cedacea, and Kluyvera.
  • A new member is Plesiomonas shigelloides.

Escherichia coli

  • Normal gut flora (stool)
  • Primary marker of fecal contamination
  • #1 cause of UTI
  • Serotypes:
    • Nephropathogenic or Uropathogenic E. coli (UTI)
    • Diarrheagenic or Enterovirulent E. coli (diarrhea)
  • Virulence factors include pili for adherence, cytolysins, aerobactin, heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (ST) enterotoxins, and others.
  • Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC): also known as Montezuma's Revenge, causes traveler's and infant diarrhea.
  • Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC): Causes bloody diarrhea by invading the bowel mucosa.
  • Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC): Causes infantile watery diarrhea with mucus.
  • Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC): Also known as Verotoxic E. coli (VTEC), is linked to hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), via ingestion of undercooked food like hamburger.
  • It contains plasmid-mediated invasion and destruction of epithelial cells.
  • EHEC is negative in Sorbitol MacConkey (SMac)

Other Enterobacteriaceae

  • Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia are primary intestinal pathogens, with characteristic infectious doses, common diseases, and virulence factors.
  • Klebsiella spp. are known as "Friedlander's Bacillus". They are associated with respiratory infections, wound infections, and UTIs.
  • Serratia spp. are opportunistic pathogens involved in bacteremia, septicemia, UTIs, and respiratory tract infections (including pneumonia).
  • Citrobacter spp. were formerly grouped as Bethesda-Ballerup group. They are commonly isolated from urinary tracts.
  • Proteus spp., Morganella spp. and Providencia spp. are important in laboratory diagnosis through IMViC reactions which can help distinguish species and lactose fermentation. They are often found in urine and wound infections.

Important Tests & Characteristics

  • IMViC reaction: A diagnostic test used to differentiate species of bacteria within the Enterobacteriaceae family.
  • Sorbitol MacConkey (SMac) test: A selective and differential medium for identifying E. coli serotype O157:H7.
  • Tests like LDC, ODC, ADH, and MR differentiate species or strains.

Additional Notes

  • Pathogens often show virulence factors like pili (adherence), cytolysins (inhibition of immune cells), and toxins like LT/ST for specific diseases.
  • Disease symptoms can vary depending on species and the individual's immune response.
  • Many of these organisms are part of the normal gut flora, but can cause disease in certain conditions.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the characteristics and infections caused by Klebsiella species and various E.coli serotypes. This quiz covers aspects such as virulence factors, symptoms, and laboratory differentiation techniques. Perfect for microbiology students looking to solidify their understanding of these bacteria.

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