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Questions and Answers
Which species of bacteria is commonly known to cause gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted infection?
Which species of bacteria is commonly known to cause gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted infection?
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae (correct)
- Helicobacter pylori
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Moraxella catarrhalis
Which of the following bacteria species is a common cause of hospital-acquired infections and is a major concern for cystic fibrosis patients?
Which of the following bacteria species is a common cause of hospital-acquired infections and is a major concern for cystic fibrosis patients?
- Moraxella catarrhalis
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (correct)
- Salmonella typhi
- Helicobacter pylori
Which bacterial genus is characterized by its ability to form diplococci, kidney-shaped cells, with a non-spore and non-mobile nature?
Which bacterial genus is characterized by its ability to form diplococci, kidney-shaped cells, with a non-spore and non-mobile nature?
- Enterobacter
- Neisseria (correct)
- Moraxella
- Pseudomonas
What is the primary function of Enterobacteriaceae within the human body?
What is the primary function of Enterobacteriaceae within the human body?
Which type of bacteria is responsible for causing both meningitis and septicemia?
Which type of bacteria is responsible for causing both meningitis and septicemia?
Which species of bacteria is commonly associated with causing peptic ulcers and gastric cancer?
Which species of bacteria is commonly associated with causing peptic ulcers and gastric cancer?
What type of infections are often associated with the bacteria Moraxella catarrhalis?
What type of infections are often associated with the bacteria Moraxella catarrhalis?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the characteristics of Bordetella pertussis?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the characteristics of Bordetella pertussis?
Which of the following species is NOT a common human pathogen associated with Actinomyces?
Which of the following species is NOT a common human pathogen associated with Actinomyces?
Actinomycosis, a chronic suppurative infection, is primarily caused by:
Actinomycosis, a chronic suppurative infection, is primarily caused by:
Which of these is a characteristic of Actinomyces?
Which of these is a characteristic of Actinomyces?
What is a distinctive feature of Actinomycosis?
What is a distinctive feature of Actinomycosis?
Which species of Actinomyces is associated with dental plaque and cavities?
Which species of Actinomyces is associated with dental plaque and cavities?
What is the primary mode of transmission for Actinomycosis?
What is the primary mode of transmission for Actinomycosis?
Which of these is NOT a role of Actinomyces in human health or the environment?
Which of these is NOT a role of Actinomyces in human health or the environment?
Which of the following is a common treatment for Actinomycosis?
Which of the following is a common treatment for Actinomycosis?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the culture requirements for Chlamydia trachomatis?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the culture requirements for Chlamydia trachomatis?
Which of the following is a diagnostic method commonly used to detect Chlamydia trachomatis infection, but is considered less sensitive than Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs)?
Which of the following is a diagnostic method commonly used to detect Chlamydia trachomatis infection, but is considered less sensitive than Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs)?
What is the primary reason why traditional culture methods for Chlamydia trachomatis are considered less favorable compared to modern diagnostic methods like NAATs?
What is the primary reason why traditional culture methods for Chlamydia trachomatis are considered less favorable compared to modern diagnostic methods like NAATs?
What is the primary reason why Mycoplasma species are resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin and cephalosporins?
What is the primary reason why Mycoplasma species are resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin and cephalosporins?
Which of the following diseases is NOT typically associated with Chlamydia trachomatis infection?
Which of the following diseases is NOT typically associated with Chlamydia trachomatis infection?
Which stage of the Chlamydia trachomatis life cycle is responsible for infecting new host cells?
Which stage of the Chlamydia trachomatis life cycle is responsible for infecting new host cells?
Which of the following is a characteristic of Chlamydia trachomatis that is NOT shared by most other bacteria?
Which of the following is a characteristic of Chlamydia trachomatis that is NOT shared by most other bacteria?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the morphology of Chlamydia trachomatis?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the morphology of Chlamydia trachomatis?
What is a key characteristic of Treponema pallidum during primary syphilis?
What is a key characteristic of Treponema pallidum during primary syphilis?
What type of testing is commonly used for antibody detection in spirochaete infections?
What type of testing is commonly used for antibody detection in spirochaete infections?
Which spirochaete is transmitted primarily through tick bites?
Which spirochaete is transmitted primarily through tick bites?
Which of the following is a method used by some spirochaetes to evade the immune system?
Which of the following is a method used by some spirochaetes to evade the immune system?
What is the primary treatment option for Treponema pallidum infections?
What is the primary treatment option for Treponema pallidum infections?
What condition is associated with Leptospira infection in its severe form?
What condition is associated with Leptospira infection in its severe form?
What symptom is characteristic of late-stage Lyme disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi?
What symptom is characteristic of late-stage Lyme disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi?
Which of the following is NOT a common prevention method for spirochaete infections?
Which of the following is NOT a common prevention method for spirochaete infections?
Which of the following bacteria is known to contribute to both gas gangrene and food poisoning?
Which of the following bacteria is known to contribute to both gas gangrene and food poisoning?
What disease is primarily caused by Campylobacter jejuni?
What disease is primarily caused by Campylobacter jejuni?
Which of these bacteria is NOT typically found as part of the normal flora in humans?
Which of these bacteria is NOT typically found as part of the normal flora in humans?
Which of the following is a characteristic of spirochaetes?
Which of the following is a characteristic of spirochaetes?
Which of these bacteria is known to cause a respiratory infection known as diphtheria?
Which of these bacteria is known to cause a respiratory infection known as diphtheria?
Which of the following bacterial species is commonly associated with a chronic infection involving the jaw, lungs, or abdomen?
Which of the following bacterial species is commonly associated with a chronic infection involving the jaw, lungs, or abdomen?
Which Gram-negative bacterium is known for causing intra-abdominal infections?
Which Gram-negative bacterium is known for causing intra-abdominal infections?
What kind of microscopy is used to visualize the motility and spiral shape of spirochaetes?
What kind of microscopy is used to visualize the motility and spiral shape of spirochaetes?
What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes Gram-negative bacteria from Gram-positive bacteria?
What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes Gram-negative bacteria from Gram-positive bacteria?
Which of the following Gram-negative bacteria is classified under Non-Enterobacteriaceae?
Which of the following Gram-negative bacteria is classified under Non-Enterobacteriaceae?
Which of the following bacteria is known to cause a paralytic illness, often associated with improperly canned food?
Which of the following bacteria is known to cause a paralytic illness, often associated with improperly canned food?
Which disease is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis?
Which disease is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis?
Which of these bacterial genera is known for its filamentous, anaerobic bacilli shape?
Which of these bacterial genera is known for its filamentous, anaerobic bacilli shape?
Which of the following bacteria is most likely to cause dental infections?
Which of the following bacteria is most likely to cause dental infections?
Which of the following bacterial genera is NOT typically considered Gram-positive?
Which of the following bacterial genera is NOT typically considered Gram-positive?
Which statement is true regarding the oxygen requirement of spirochaetes?
Which statement is true regarding the oxygen requirement of spirochaetes?
Flashcards
Bacillus cereus
Bacillus cereus
A bacterium that causes food poisoning.
Clostridium
Clostridium
A group of spore-forming, anaerobic bacteria that can cause various diseases.
Clostridium tetani
Clostridium tetani
A bacterium that causes tetanus, also known as lockjaw.
Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium botulinum
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Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
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Listeria monocytogenes
Listeria monocytogenes
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Actinomyces israelii
Actinomyces israelii
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Gram-positive bacteria
Gram-positive bacteria
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Neisseria
Neisseria
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria meningitidis
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Moraxella
Moraxella
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Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli
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Salmonella
Salmonella
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Helicobacter pylori
Helicobacter pylori
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Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio cholerae
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Campylobacter jejuni
Campylobacter jejuni
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Brucella
Brucella
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Yersinia pestis
Yersinia pestis
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Bacteroides fragilis
Bacteroides fragilis
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Spirochaetes
Spirochaetes
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Identification of Spirochaetes
Identification of Spirochaetes
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Fusobacterium
Fusobacterium
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Spirochaetes culture
Spirochaetes culture
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Serological tests
Serological tests
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PCR
PCR
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Endoflagella
Endoflagella
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Treponema pallidum transmission
Treponema pallidum transmission
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Erythema migrans
Erythema migrans
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Penicillin
Penicillin
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Leptospirosis symptoms
Leptospirosis symptoms
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Actinomyces Morphology
Actinomyces Morphology
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Non-motile bacteria
Non-motile bacteria
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Actinomyces species
Actinomyces species
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Actinomycosis Symptoms
Actinomycosis Symptoms
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A. israelii
A. israelii
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Role in dental conditions
Role in dental conditions
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Treatment for Actinomycosis
Treatment for Actinomycosis
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Environmental role of Actinomyces
Environmental role of Actinomyces
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Chlamydia psittaci
Chlamydia psittaci
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Elementary Body (EB)
Elementary Body (EB)
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Reticulate Body (RB)
Reticulate Body (RB)
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Transmission of Chlamydia
Transmission of Chlamydia
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Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs)
Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs)
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Mycoplasma characteristics
Mycoplasma characteristics
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Direct Fluorescent Antibody (DFA) Test
Direct Fluorescent Antibody (DFA) Test
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Microscopy for Chlamydia
Microscopy for Chlamydia
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Study Notes
Gram-Positive Cocci
- Classified by shape (cocci) and ability to retain crystal violet stain
- Two main genera: Staphylococcus and Streptococcus
- Staphylococcus (cocci in clusters):
- Part of normal skin flora
- Some strains protect against harmful bacteria
- Diseases:
- Staphylococcus aureus: Skin infections (boils, cellulitis), pneumonia, toxic shock syndrome, food poisoning
- Staphylococcus epidermidis: Infections in medical devices (e.g., catheters, prosthetics)
- Staphylococcus saprophyticus: Urinary tract infections (UTIs), especially in young women
- Streptococcus (cocci in chains or pairs):
- Part of the normal oral and gut microbiota
- Some contribute to digestive health by breaking down complex carbohydrates
- Diseases:
- Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A): Pharyngitis (strep throat), scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, necrotizing fasciitis
- Streptococcus pneumoniae: Pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media
- Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B): Neonatal sepsis and meningitis
- Streptococcus mutans: Contributes to dental caries (cavities)
Gram-Positive Bacilli
- Rod-shaped bacteria
- Includes spore-forming and non-spore-forming genera
- Bacillus (spore-forming, rod-shaped with square ends, capsulated):
- Used in industrial applications (e.g., enzyme production)
- Role in soil health by decomposing organic matter
- Diseases:
- Bacillus anthracis: Anthrax (cutaneous, pulmonary, gastrointestinal)
- Bacillus cereus: Food poisoning
- Clostridium (spore-forming, obligate anaerobes, long irregular with bulge at terminal ends):
- Involved in fermentation processes
- Decompose organic material in soil
- Diseases:
- Clostridium tetani: Tetanus (lockjaw)
- Clostridium botulinum: Botulism (paralytic illness)
- Clostridium difficile: Antibiotic-associated colitis (C. diff infection)
- Clostridium perfringens: Gas gangrene and food poisoning
Gram-Negative Cocci
- Spherical bacteria that typically occur in pairs (diplococci)
- Most clinically significant genera: Neisseria and Moraxella
- Neisseria (diplococci, kidney shaped, non-spore, non-mobile):
- Part of the normal flora of the respiratory and urogenital tracts
- Diseases:
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Gonorrhea
- Neisseria meningitidis: Meningitis and septicemia (meningococcal disease)
- Moraxella (short rods or cocci, non-spore, non-mobile, non-capsulated):
- Part of the normal flora of the upper respiratory tract
- Diseases:
- Moraxella catarrhalis: Otitis media, sinusitis, exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Gram-Negative Bacilli
- Rod-shaped bacteria
- Divided into Enterobacteriaceae (intestinal bacteria) and non-Enterobacteriaceae
- Enterobacteriaceae (intestinal gram-negative bacilli, round heads, non-spore, non-capsulated, mobile):
- Many species are part of the normal gut flora and aid in digestion
- Diseases:
- Escherichia coli: UTIs, gastroenteritis, septicemia
- Salmonella: Salmonellosis, typhoid fever
- Shigella: Shigellosis
- Klebsiella: Pneumonia, UTIs
- Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Serratia: Opportunistic infections in hospitalized patients
- Non-Enterobacteriaceae:
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Hospital-acquired infections (pneumonia, UTIs, wound infections)
- Helicobacter pylori: Peptic ulcers and gastric cancer
- Haemophilus influenzae: Respiratory infections (pneumonia, bronchitis, meningitis)
- Bordetella pertussis: Whooping cough
- Legionella pneumophila: Legionnaires' disease
- Vibrio cholerae: Cholera
- Campylobacter jejuni: Gastroenteritis, Guillain-Barré syndrome
- Brucella: Brucellosis
- Francisella tularensis: Tularemia
- Yersinia pestis: Plague
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